WO2001006591A1 - Pile au lithium - Google Patents
Pile au lithium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001006591A1 WO2001006591A1 PCT/JP2000/004793 JP0004793W WO0106591A1 WO 2001006591 A1 WO2001006591 A1 WO 2001006591A1 JP 0004793 W JP0004793 W JP 0004793W WO 0106591 A1 WO0106591 A1 WO 0106591A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- electrolyte
- lithium
- polymer
- gel electrolyte
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 16
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 9
- -1 acetyl lactone Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 7
- FQYAPAZNUPTQLD-DEOSSOPVSA-N butyrolactone I Natural products COC1=C(c2ccc(O)cc2)[C@](Cc3ccc(O)c(CC=C(C)C)c3)(OC1=O)C(=O)O FQYAPAZNUPTQLD-DEOSSOPVSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002891 organic anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical class O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCC RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241001070941 Castanea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014036 Castanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical class CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003647 acryloyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001869 cobalt compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940019778 diethylene glycol diethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940105990 diglycerin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycerol Chemical compound OCC(O)COCC(O)CO GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl carbonate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003976 glyceryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(O[H])([H])C(O[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001412 inorganic anion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005001 laminate film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002697 manganese compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- QUANRIQJNFHVEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxirane;propane-1,2,3-triol Chemical compound C1CO1.OCC(O)CO QUANRIQJNFHVEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004040 pyrrolidinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMJKIRUDPFBRHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Ti] NMJKIRUDPFBRHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0085—Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/04—Cells with aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/06—Dry cells, i.e. cells wherein the electrolyte is rendered non-fluid
- H01M6/12—Dry cells, i.e. cells wherein the electrolyte is rendered non-fluid with flat electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/16—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
- H01M6/162—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte
- H01M6/166—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte by the solute
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/18—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte
- H01M6/181—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte with polymeric electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lithium battery, and more particularly to an improvement in a gel electrolyte used for a positive electrode, a negative electrode, or a separator of a lithium battery.
- Lithium batteries are one of the promising batteries for such applications.In addition to lithium primary batteries that have already been put into practical use, practical use, higher capacity, and longer life of lithium secondary batteries are required. ing.
- a cylindrical or prismatic lithium secondary battery it is manufactured by inserting a group of electrodes consisting of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator into a cylindrical or square battery case, and then injecting a liquid electrolyte.
- a gel electrolyte lithium secondary battery has a manufacturing advantage in that the positive electrode and the negative electrode are made to face each other via a gel electrolyte and then packed.
- such a gel electrolyte battery has a drawback that high-rate charge / discharge performance and low-temperature performance are poor compared to a cylindrical or prismatic battery.
- the causes are as follows.
- a gel electrolyte with improved lithium ion conductivity a gel electrolyte in which polyethylene oxide is used for a polymer skeleton, and an electrolyte solution comprising a lithium salt and an organic solvent is added thereto.
- an electrolyte solution comprising a lithium salt and an organic solvent is added thereto.
- a lithium ion conductivity on the order of 1 X 10 -3 S / cm which is comparable to liquid electrolytes, has been realized. Lithium batteries using are almost at the practical level.
- a lithium battery using a gel electrolyte typified by polyethylene oxide as described above exhibits sufficient battery performance during low-rate discharge, but still has a slow diffusion of lithium ions during high-rate discharge. There was a problem that it was difficult to maintain the performance at a sufficient level.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and maintains the ionic conductivity of a gel electrolyte at a high level without requiring a special manufacturing process and the like, so that lithium ions in the gel electrolyte can move smoothly.
- the present invention provides a lithium battery having at least a power generating element including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator, wherein a gel electrolyte including at least a polymer and an electrolyte is used for at least a part of the power generating element.
- the concentration of the lithium salt in the electrolytic solution is in a range of 1.5 to 5 mol per liter of the electrolytic solution.
- the weight fraction of the polymer constituting the gel electrolyte comprising at least the polymer and the electrolyte is 5 to 30% by weight based on the sum of the weight of the polymer and the weight of the electrolyte.
- the gel electrolyte is characterized by being obtained by curing a mixture of an electrolytic solution and a monomer having at least two polymerizable functional groups in a molecular chain.
- the lithium salt is characterized by an L iBF 4.
- the organic solvent constituting the electrolytic solution is characterized by having at least 50% by weight of carboxylactone.
- the present inventors have found that a gel electrolyte composed of an electrolyte and a polymer in which a lithium salt having a high concentration of about twice or more is dissolved than a salt concentration usually used for an electrolyte of a lithium battery is used. It was found that when used, good high-rate discharge performance was obtained, and the present invention was reached. That is, according to the present invention, the lithium salt concentration in the electrolytic solution contained in at least one of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator is in the range of 1.5 to 5 mol per liter of the electrolytic solution.
- a lithium battery characterized in that the polymer accounts for 5 to 30% of the weight of the polymer and the electrolyte.
- the concentration of the lithium salt contained in the gel electrolyte is 1.5 to 5 mol, preferably 2 to 4 mol, and more preferably 2 to 3 mol per liter of the electrolytic solution. If it is less than 1.5 mol, the lithium ion concentration is low and the diffusion rate is low. If it exceeds 5 moles, it is restricted by a high salt concentration, so that diffusion of lithium ions is slowed down and precipitation of lithium salt is also likely to occur.
- the above-mentioned concentration range is preferable in that lithium ion diffusion is good and lithium salt is less likely to precipitate.
- Examples of the anion that forms a lithium salt that can be contained in the gel electrolyte include an inorganic or organic anion. These lithium salts can be used alone or in combination of two or more as necessary.
- Examples of inorganic anions include, for example, BF 4 —, PF 6 —, C10 4 —, As F 6 ⁇ SCN, etc.
- the organic solvent contained in the gel electrolyte include lactones ⁇ such as acetyl lactone, avalerolactone ⁇ , chain-like esters ⁇ such as methyl acetate, methyl propionate and ethyl propionate), and carbonate esters.
- organic solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more as necessary.
- arptyrolactone, propylene carbonate, and ethylene carbonate are preferred because of their high dielectric constant, low vapor pressure, and low flammability.
- An organic solvent containing 50% by weight or more of lactyrolactone is more preferable because high-rate discharge characteristics when combined with a Li i BF 4 salt having good thermal stability are improved.
- the polymer that can be contained in the gel electrolyte is preferably 5 to 30%, more preferably 10 to 25%, based on the weight of the polymer and the electrolyte.
- the polymer used in the gel electrolyte is not particularly limited, but generally, it is preferable that the polymer swells to some extent in the electrolyte.
- These polymers include acryloyl polymers, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polyacrylonitrile. Further, it is desirable to polymerize a monomer having a polymerizable functional group and dissolving in the electrolytic solution.
- the gel electrolyte be obtained by curing a mixture of a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and a monomer having at least two polymerizable functional groups in a molecular chain.
- the monomer having two or more polymerizable functional groups in the molecular chain include bifunctional (meth) acrylates ⁇ ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, propylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, and polyethylene having a polymerization degree of 2 or more.
- Glycol di (meth) acrylate polypropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate with a degree of polymerization of 2 or more, di (meth) acrylate of polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene copolymer, butanediol di (meth) acrylate, hexamethylene glycol Tri- (meth) acrylate, trifunctional (meth) acrylate ⁇ trimethylo-propanetri (meth) acrylate, glycerin tri (meth) acrylate, tri (meth) acrylate of glycerin ethylene oxide adduct, glyceryl Tri- (meth) acrylates of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide adducts, etc. ⁇ , polyfunctional (meth) acrylates with 4 or more functional groups ⁇ pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, diglycerin hexa (meth) acrylate, etc. ⁇ And so on. Further,
- Cobalt compounds such as As the positive electrode active material used in the present invention L i C o 0 2, nickel compounds such as L i N i 0 2, manganese compounds such as L i M n 2 0 4, titanium Titanium-based compounds such as lithium oxide, vanadium-based compounds such as vanadium oxide-based active materials, and iron-based compounds such as iron phosphate-based active materials are not limited to those listed here.
- the negative electrode active material includes, but is not limited to, carbonaceous compounds such as lithium metal, lithium alloy, and graphite. According to the present invention, the following effects can be expected. First, the high lithium salt concentration in the gel electrolyte reduces the polarization associated with the movement of lithium ions during high-rate charge and discharge, and improves the charge and discharge characteristics.
- the concentration of lithium salt in the positive electrode, negative electrode, and separator increases relative to the organic solvent, the vapor pressure of the organic solvent in the electrolyte decreases, and ignition due to evaporation of the solvent is suppressed.
- the present invention provides a lithium battery that is excellent in reliability and excellent in initial capacity, high-rate charge / discharge performance, low-temperature performance, safety, etc., because the above effects are synergistically obtained. Can be easily provided. ⁇ Brief description of drawings>
- FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the lithium battery of the present invention.
- reference numeral 1 denotes a positive electrode mixture
- 2 denotes a negative electrode mixture
- 3 denotes a positive electrode current collector
- 4 denotes a negative electrode current collector
- 5 denotes a separator
- 6 denotes an aluminum laminate film.
- electrolyte solution refers to a mixture of an electrolyte obtained by dissolving a lithium salt in an organic solvent and a monomer having two or more polymerizable functional groups in a molecular chain.
- the polymer constituting the gel electrolyte is a polymer obtained by polymerizing a monomer having two or more polymerizable groups in the molecular chain as in this example, the weight of the polymer relative to the gel electrolyte is reduced. The ratio corresponds to the weight fraction of the monomer with respect to the electrolyte solution.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the lithium battery of the present invention.
- Reference numeral 1 denotes a positive electrode mixture mainly containing lithium cobalt oxide, which is a positive electrode active material, and is applied on a positive electrode current collector 3 made of aluminum foil.
- Reference numeral 2 denotes a negative electrode mixture mainly composed of carbon, which is a negative electrode active material, which is coated on a negative electrode current collector 4 made of copper foil.
- the positive electrode mixture 1 and the negative electrode mixture 2 are laminated via a separator 5 made of a gel electrolyte. Further, the electrode group thus laminated is covered with an aluminum laminated film 6, and the four sides are sealed by heat welding to obtain a lithium battery.
- the positive electrode active material sheet was immersed in this, and the electrolyte solution was vacuum impregnated. Subsequently, the positive electrode active material sheet was taken out of the electrolyte solution, and the monomer was polymerized by electron beam irradiation to form a polymer. Through the above steps, positive electrode mixture 1 was obtained.
- the negative electrode mixture 2 was obtained in the same manner as the positive electrode mixture 1 except that carbon as a negative electrode active material was used and a copper foil (thickness: 10 m) was used for the negative electrode current collector 4.
- Separe Night 5 was obtained as follows. First, a bifunctional acrylate monomer having a structure represented by Chemical Formula 2 is mixed with an electrolyte in which 2.2 mol of a lithium salt, Li BF 4, is dissolved in 1 liter of carboxyl octone as an organic solvent. After mixing 10% with respect to the total weight of the mixture and applying the mixture on the positive electrode mixture 1, a monomer was polymerized by electron beam irradiation to form a polymer, thereby obtaining a gel electrolyte separator. Chemical formula 2
- a battery was manufactured using the above-described raw materials and manufacturing method, and this was designated as Battery A1 of the present invention.
- Example 2 Except for using the electrolytic solution dissolve the L i BF 4 1.5 mol of lithium salt in ⁇ one butyrolactone 1 rate Torr positive, a negative electrode and separator evening manufacturing process, similarly to the battery A 1 of the onset bright To prepare a battery, which was designated as Battery A2 of the invention.
- the battery A1 of the present invention except that a trifunctional acrylate monomer having a structure represented by Chemical Formula 3 (weight average molecular weight, about 8000) was used instead of the bifunctional acrylate monomer used for preparing Separation 5
- a battery was prepared in the same manner as described above, and this was designated as Battery C1 of the present invention.
- the content of the monomer in the electrolyte solution vacuum impregnated into the positive electrode active material sheet was 5% based on the total weight of the electrolyte solution and the monomer, and the content of the monomer in the electrolyte solution used during the separation was A battery prepared in the same manner as the battery A1 except that the content was 5% based on the total weight of the electrolytic solution and the monomer was designated as Battery E1 of the present invention.
- Example 8 the content of the monomer in the electrolyte solution that was vacuum impregnated into the positive electrode active material sheet and the content of the monomer in the electrolyte solution used during the separation were changed as shown in Table 4, and E 2 To E8 according to the present invention.
- the battery C 1 of the present invention was used except that an electrolytic solution in which 1.2 mol of lithium salt LiBF 4 was dissolved in 1 liter of carbtyrolactone was used in the production process of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator.
- a battery was prepared in the same manner as described above, and this was designated as Comparative Battery D1.
- the content of the monomer in the electrolyte solution vacuum impregnated into the positive electrode active material sheet was 4% based on the total weight of the electrolyte solution and the monomer, and the content of the monomer in the electrolyte solution used during the separation was: 4% of the total weight of electrolyte and monomer
- Battery F1 of the present invention A battery prepared in the same manner as the battery A1 except for the above was designated as Battery F1 of the present invention.
- a battery was prepared in the same manner as the battery F1 of the present invention, except that the monomer content in the electrolyte solution was 35%, and the battery was designated as a comparative battery F2.
- the batteries A1 to A5 of the present invention have a higher discharge capacity than the comparative batteries Bl and B2.
- the batteries Al and A2 of the present invention have very high discharge capacities at low temperatures compared to the comparative battery B1.
- the batteries Cl and C2 of the present invention and the comparative battery D1 were charged at a temperature of 20 at a current of 1 mA (corresponding to a 10-hour rate) to a final voltage of 4.2 V, and then discharged at a current of 20 mA.
- the battery was discharged to 2.7 V at a high discharge rate (equivalent to 0.5 hour rate), and the discharge capacity was measured. Table 3 shows the results. Table 3
- the batteries Cl and ⁇ 2 of the present invention have a much higher discharge capacity than the comparative battery 01. From this, it is understood that the present invention can be applied even if the monomers constituting the gel are different.
- the batteries E1 to E8 of the present invention and the comparative batteries F1 and F2 were charged to a final voltage of 4.2 V with a current of 1 mA (corresponding to a 10-hour rate) at a temperature of 20 ° C.
- the discharge current was 20 mA (equivalent to 0.5 hour rate) at a high rate of discharge to 2.7 V, and the discharge capacity was measured.
- Table 4 shows the results. Table 4
- the batteries A 1 and E 1 to E 8 of the present invention have better discharge capacity than the comparative batteries F 1 and F 2.
- the monomer concentration in the electrode and during the separation was changed from 4% to 35%, at 4%, the separation was mechanically weakly short-circuited at 4%, and the liquid exuded from the electrode, making it practical. There is a problem. At 35%, there is too much polymer, and the diffusion of ions slows down, deteriorating the high-rate characteristics, causing practical problems.
- a gel electrolyte was used not only for separation but also for the electrolyte in the electrode, but the present invention does not limit the form of the electrolyte in the electrode. Therefore, even when one or both of the positive electrode and the negative electrode use a liquid electrolyte as the electrolyte in the electrode, the effect of the present invention is effective when the electrolyte in the separator is a gel electrolyte. Can be obtained.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/018,020 US6902848B1 (en) | 1999-07-21 | 2000-07-17 | Lithium battery including a gel electrolyte |
AU58541/00A AU5854100A (en) | 1999-07-21 | 2000-07-17 | Lithium cell |
EP00944441A EP1229603A4 (en) | 1999-07-21 | 2000-07-17 | LITHIUM CELL |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP20552899 | 1999-07-21 | ||
JP11/205528 | 1999-07-21 | ||
JP2000141286A JP4218183B2 (ja) | 1999-07-21 | 2000-05-15 | リチウム電池 |
JP2000/141286 | 2000-05-15 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001006591A1 true WO2001006591A1 (fr) | 2001-01-25 |
Family
ID=26515101
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2000/004793 WO2001006591A1 (fr) | 1999-07-21 | 2000-07-17 | Pile au lithium |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6902848B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1229603A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4218183B2 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU5854100A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2001006591A1 (ja) |
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CN114069032A (zh) * | 2020-07-30 | 2022-02-18 | 广汽埃安新能源汽车有限公司 | 聚合物固态电解质、全固态锂电池电芯、全固态锂电池及其应用 |
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US10998578B2 (en) | 2017-08-18 | 2021-05-04 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Electrolyte membrane |
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- 2000-07-17 EP EP00944441A patent/EP1229603A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-07-17 AU AU58541/00A patent/AU5854100A/en not_active Abandoned
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CN114069032A (zh) * | 2020-07-30 | 2022-02-18 | 广汽埃安新能源汽车有限公司 | 聚合物固态电解质、全固态锂电池电芯、全固态锂电池及其应用 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1229603A1 (en) | 2002-08-07 |
JP2001093573A (ja) | 2001-04-06 |
JP4218183B2 (ja) | 2009-02-04 |
AU5854100A (en) | 2001-02-05 |
US6902848B1 (en) | 2005-06-07 |
EP1229603A4 (en) | 2004-07-14 |
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