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US20050014026A1 - Organic semiconductor devices and organic electroluminescent devices produced by using wet process - Google Patents

Organic semiconductor devices and organic electroluminescent devices produced by using wet process Download PDF

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US20050014026A1
US20050014026A1 US10/918,872 US91887204A US2005014026A1 US 20050014026 A1 US20050014026 A1 US 20050014026A1 US 91887204 A US91887204 A US 91887204A US 2005014026 A1 US2005014026 A1 US 2005014026A1
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organic
thin film
layer
organic compounds
alcohol
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Byoung-Choo Park
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
    • H05B33/10—Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of electroluminescent light sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
    • H10K71/12—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating
    • H10K71/15—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating characterised by the solvent used
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
    • H10K71/12—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating
    • H10K71/13—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating using printing techniques, e.g. ink-jet printing or screen printing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
    • H10K85/141—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aliphatic or olefinic chains, e.g. poly N-vinylcarbazol, PVC or PTFE
    • H10K85/146—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aliphatic or olefinic chains, e.g. poly N-vinylcarbazol, PVC or PTFE poly N-vinylcarbazol; Derivatives thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
    • H10K85/321—Metal complexes comprising a group IIIA element, e.g. Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium [Gaq3]
    • H10K85/324—Metal complexes comprising a group IIIA element, e.g. Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium [Gaq3] comprising aluminium, e.g. Alq3
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
    • H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an organic semiconductor thin film, and an organic semiconductor device and an organic electroluminescent (EL) device manufactured by the same, and more particularly to, a method for manufacturing an organic semiconductor thin film by a wet process, and an organic semiconductor device, such as an organic EL device, manufactured by the same.
  • EL organic electroluminescent
  • organic semiconductor devices including organic diode devices and organic transistor devices are based on the electrical semi-conductivity that relates to the HOMO (Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital) energy level and the LUMO (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital) energy level of organic materials.
  • the organic diode devices include organic light emitting diodes and organic electroluminescent (EL) diodes
  • examples of the organic transistor devices include organic FET (Field Effect Transistors), organic TFT (Thin Film Transistors), organic SIT (Static Induction Transistors), organic top gate SIT, organic triodes, organic grid transistors, organic thyristors, and organic bipolar transistors.
  • the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an organic semiconductor thin film having a new structure with high efficiency, and a device including the organic semiconductor thin film.
  • the present invention can be widely applied to the above-mentioned various organic semiconductor devices.
  • the present invention will be described with reference to the organic EL device, which has the simplest structure among the above-mentioned devices.
  • a thin film including fluorescent organic compounds is positioned between electrodes, cathode and anode.
  • a driving voltage is applied to the organic EL device, electrons and holes are injected into the LUMO and HOMO levels of the fluorescent organic compound of the thin film from the cathode and anode, respectively, and the injected electrons and holes are recombined to produce excitons, which emit light (fluorescence or phosphorescence) through losing their activity.
  • a light-emitting device represents an image display device using the organic EL device.
  • the light-emitting devices also include the following modules: a module formed by mounting a connector such as an anisotropic conductive film, FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit), TAB (tape automated bonding) tape or TCP (Tape Carrier Package) to the EL device, a module where a printed circuit board is installed at the end of the TAB tape or TCP, and a module formed by mounting an IC directly on the EL device by a method of COG (chip on glass).
  • a method for producing an organic or inorganic semiconductor device on a substrate has been considerably developed, and an active matrix display device (light-emitting device) including the organic or inorganic semiconductor device has been also being developed.
  • the semiconductor device also represents a single device or a plurality of devices, which have a switching function.
  • the organic EL device (also referred as ‘EL display device’) is a self light-emitting device, and can be produced as a simple passive matrix light-emitting device or an active matrix light-emitting device using TFT.
  • organic EL layers are positioned between electrodes, as shown in FIG. 1 a .
  • the organic EL layers generally have a multi-layered structure, in which the boundary or interface of each layer is clearly distinguished.
  • the representative example of the multi-layer structure suggested by Tang, et al., includes a hole transporting layer 13 , a light-emitting layer 14 and an electron transporting layer 15 (Tang. C. et al. Appl. Phys. Left.
  • the multi-layer structure includes a structure having a hole injecting layer 12 , a hole transporting layer 13 , a light-emitting layer 14 and an electron transporting layer 15 which are sequentially formed on an anode 11 of a substrate 10 , and a structure having a hole injecting layer 12 , a hole transporting layer 13 , a light-emitting layer 14 , an electron transporting layer 15 and an electron injecting layer 16 which are sequentially formed on an anode 11 of a substrate 10 (See FIG. 1 a ).
  • the light-emitting layer 14 can be doped with fluorescent dopants.
  • the EL layer 20 includes the hole injecting layer 12 , the hole transporting layer 13 , the light-emitting layer 14 , the electron transporting layer 15 and the electron injecting layer 16 .
  • the EL device When a voltage is applied to the EL layer 20 from the electrodes 11 , 17 , the electron-hole are recombined at the light-emitting layer 14 to induce the light-emission.
  • the EL device also represents the light-emitting device including the electrodes 11 , 17 and the EL layer 20 .
  • the substrate (EL panel) on which the EL device has been formed is encapsulated with a sealing material (packaging), and is bonded to a cover member. Then, the connectors (FPC, TAB, etc.) are mounted for connecting the encapsulated EL device to an external driving circuit, which produces a passive or active matrix light-emitting device.
  • the EL layer 20 can be formed by various methods. Exemplary methods include dry processes such as vacuum evaporation and sputtering, and wet processes such as spin coating, a cast method, an ink-jet method, a dipping method, and a printing method. Besides, roll coating, an LB method and ion plating method can also be used.
  • the dry process such as vacuum evaporation is generally used to manufacture the multi-layer EL device shown in FIG. 1 a .
  • the dry process requires a high vacuum environment, the manufacturing conditions should be controlled carefully, and thus the process for fabricating EL devices is complex, resulting in the large manufacturing costs.
  • the wet process which uses a solution of the organic compounds dissolved in a solvent, and forms an organic layer of the dissolved compounds, has an advantage in that the EL layer can be easily formed. Moreover, the wet process can be used not only for the low molecular weight compound but also for the organic polymer materials.
  • the solvent problem for forming multi-layer structure Namely, different solvent must be used to form each different layer in forming the multi-EL layer. In this case, to form an upper organic layer on the lower organic layer, a solution, which does not dissolve the lower organic layer formed previously on the substrate, must be used to form the multi-EL layer.
  • the multi-EL layers 20 of FIG. 1 a by simply repeating the conventional wet process. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1 b , the wet process is generally carried out to form a single-EL layer 20 in which one or more compounds are uniformly dispersed in the single-EL layer 20 .
  • the EL device manufactured by the conventional wet process shows the low light-emitting efficiency and requires high driving voltage.
  • the multi-EL layer 20 can be formed by combination of the wet process and the dry process. However, the multi-EL layer 20 produced with this method also has the low light-emitting efficiency and requires high driving voltage.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for solving the foregoing problems of an organic semiconductor thin film, such as an organic EL thin film manufactured by the conventional wet process. Another object of the present invention is to provide an organic semiconductor device, which can be easily manufactured and have improved operation reliability. Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an organic EL device having improved quality of display images. Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an economical and efficient EL display device produced with reduced costs.
  • a method for manufacturing an organic semiconductor thin film by a wet process which uses a composite solution prepared by dissolving at least two organic semiconductor materials in a mixed solvent including at least two organic solvents having different volatility and having different solubilities of the organic semiconductor materials at room temperature, and an organic semiconductor device manufactured by the same.
  • the organic semiconductor device is an organic EL device
  • the organic semiconductor materials include organic compounds having electrical and optical properties for injecting or transporting hole, light-emitting, and transporting and injecting electron et. al.
  • each organic layer may include a small amount of a different kind of organic materials of the neighboring organic layers, and the continuous boundary region between the neighboring organic layers includes at least two kinds of materials of the neighboring organic layers in mixed form.
  • the organic semiconductor layers of the present invention is formed so that the concentrations of at least two organic semiconductor materials (compounds) change with a gradient along with their deposition direction at the interface.
  • the thin film of the present invention forms a continuous multi-layer structure, which is different from the simple conventional multi-layer thin film ( FIG. 1 a ) or uniformly distributed single-layer thin film ( FIG. 1 b ).
  • a method for manufacturing an EL layer having a continuous multi-layer structure by using a composite solution designed to sequentially deposit a hole injecting material, hole transporting material, light-emitting material, electron transporting material, and electron injecting materials on an anode.
  • a single or simply mixed organic solvent can be used in the wet process for manufacturing the EL thin film.
  • Korean Patent Publication Nos. 2001-0110183, 2001-0078227 and 2000-0062303 disclose that the EL layer can be formed by dissolving EL material in a single or mixed solvent.
  • any of them does not suggest the method for forming the continuous and non-boundary multi-layer structure which is provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 a is a structure diagram for illustrating the conventional organic EL device having a multi-layer structure
  • FIG. 1 b is a structure diagram for illustrating the conventional organic EL device having a uniformly dispersed single-layer structure
  • FIG. 2 a is a structure diagram for illustrating a continuous non-boundary multi-layer organic EL device in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 b is a structure diagram for illustrating an organic EL device in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 3 a and 3 b are graphs showing V-I and V-L characteristics of the EL device in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGS. 4 a and 4 b are graphs showing V-I and V-L characteristics of the EL device in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 5 a and 5 b are graphs showing V-I and V-L characteristics of an EL device in accordance with the comparative example 1;
  • FIGS. 6 a and 6 b are graphs showing V-I and V-L characteristics of an EL device in accordance with the comparative example 2.
  • the continuous non-boundary multi-layer structure of an organic semiconductor thin film includes at least two layers.
  • it may have one of the following structures.
  • ⁇ means the continuous non-boundary interface
  • / means the distinct interface.
  • the organic semiconductor thin film suggested by the present invention can be forced to be formed by depositing compounds in the order of hole injecting layer, hole transporting layer, light-emitting layer, electron transporting layer and electron injecting layer on the anode.
  • the thickness of the organic semiconductor thin film ranges from 0.001 to 1 ⁇ m, which is not intended to be limiting.
  • FIG. 2 a shows the representative example of the organic EL device of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2 a , the organic EL device includes an organic semiconductor thin film, namely an EL layer 20 formed by sequentially depositing at least two organic semiconductor materials (compounds) between electrodes 11 , 17 .
  • the organic semiconductor materials form a hole injecting layer 12 , a hole transporting layer 13 , a light-emitting layer 14 , an electron transporting layer 15 or an electron injecting layer 16 , and the concentration of the material changes with a gradient along with its deposition direction at the interfaces.
  • a hole injecting layer 12 , a hole transporting layer 13 , a light-emitting layer 14 and an electron transporting layer 15 can be produced to a continuous non-boundary multi-layer structure, and an electron injecting layer 16 can be formed by a conventional wet process or a dry process such as vacuum evaporation on the non-boundary multi-layer.
  • the vacuum evaporator to form an organic multi-layer is not necessary, thus the whole manufacturing system can be simplified and easily maintained.
  • the present invention can be applied to an active matrix EL device as well as a passive matrix EL device.
  • the organic EL device of the present invention can be manufactured by coating a composite solution prepared by dissolving at least two organic compounds in a mixed solvent including at least two organic solvents having different volatility and having different solubilities of the organic compounds, on the substrate where the electrode has been formed, and by evaporating the organic solvents from the coated composite solution to sequentially deposit the organic compounds.
  • the composite solutions used to produce the organic EL device may include at least one organic light-emitting semiconductor compound emitting red, green or blue light.
  • the composite solution is optimized to enable the devices to display wide ranges of colors (for example, 460, 520 and 650 nm of narrow lines for B, G and R).
  • the light-emitting materials of the organic EL device of the present invention are not limitative, and thus a variety of the conventional compounds for manufacturing an organic EL device can be used in the present invention.
  • low molecular weight fluorescent materials or fluorescent polymer materials having the light-emitting property can be used, and the mixture of the low molecular weight materials and the polymer materials can also be used.
  • Exemplary low molecular weight organic compounds used as the green light-emitting materials include Alq 3 , BeBq 2 (10-benzo[h]quinolinol-beryllium complex), and Almq (tris(4-methyl-8-quinolinolate)aluminum) which emit light in a green color range (550 nm).
  • a few mol % of quinacridone, coumarin, C545T (Eastman Kodak Co.), or Ir-complex can be added (doped) to improve light-emitting efficiency and durability.
  • exemplary doping materials of a red light-emitting layer include Indigo, Nile Red, DCM (4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethyl aminostyryl)-4H-pyran), DCJTB (Eastman Kodak Co.), and Pt-complex.
  • Exemplary blue light-emitting materials include metal complexes such as ZnPBO ((Bis[2-(2-benzoxazolyl)phenolato]Zinc(II)) and Balq (Bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato) (para-phenyl-phenolato) aluminum), or non-metal complexes such as styrylarylene derivatives, namely DPVBi (4,4′-bis(2,2′-biphenylvinyl)-1,1′-biphenyl), oxadiazole derivatives, bisstyryl anthracene derivatives, and bisstyryl arylene derivatives such as BczVBi (4,4′-Bis((2-carbazole)vinylene)biphenyl).
  • metal complexes such as ZnPBO ((Bis[2-(2-benzoxazolyl)phenolato]Zinc(II)) and Balq (Bis(2-methyl-8-quinolino
  • the light-emitting materials of the organic EL device of the present invention are not specifically limited, and thus the aforementioned materials are not intended to be limiting.
  • Exemplary polymer organic compounds, used as the light-emitting materials of the organic EL device include poly(p-phenylene), polyphenylene-vinylene, polyarylene, polyalkylthiophene and polyalkylfluorine.
  • the fluorescent polymer materials can be a block, random or graft copolymers, which-also are not intended to limiting the present invention.
  • exemplary hole injecting and hole transporting materials include soluble phthalocyanine compounds, aromatic diamine compounds such as TPD ((N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]4,4′-diamine: triphenylamine derivative), MTDATA (4,4′,4′′-tris[3-methylphenyl (phenyl)amino]triphenylamine), quinacridone, bisstyryl anthracene derivatives, PVK(polyvinyl carbazole), porphyrinic compounds, ⁇ -NPD (N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(1-naphthylphenyl)-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine), polyaniline, and conductive polymers, which is not intended to be limiting.
  • Exemplary electron injecting and electron transporting materials include Alq 3 which is an
  • the light-emitting layer and other organic layers can be formed to a thin film with an appropriate binder resin.
  • an appropriate dopant can be included in the layer.
  • Exemplary binder resins include polyvinylcarbazole(PVK) resins, polycarbonate resins, polyester resins, polyallylate resins, butyral resins, polyvinylacetal resins, diallyphthalate resins, acrylic resins, methacrylic resins, phenol resins, epoxy resins, silicone resins, polysulfone resins and urea resins.
  • the resins can be used alone or as a copolymer including two or more resins, which is not intended to be limiting.
  • Exemplary solvents for forming the mixed solvent of the present invention include methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, ketone, acetone, diacetone alcohol, keto-alcohol, dioxane, ether, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyalkylene glycol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, triethylene glycol, hexylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, ethyleneglycol monomethyl ether, diethyleneglycol methylether, triethyleneglycol monomethylether, 2-pyrrolidon, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, gamma-butyl lactone, butyl,
  • the above-mentioned solvents are typical examples of the solvents which can be used in the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the listed solvents.
  • the selection of the at least two organic solvents having different volatilities may depend on the property of the organic compounds. Generally, organic solvents having boiling point difference more than 3° C., preferably 5° C., more preferably 10° C. can be used. If the difference in volatilities of the organic solvents is too small, the evaporation of the organic solvents must be slowly carried out. Otherwise, the organic compounds may not be deposited sequentially.
  • the organic solvents are selected to sequentially deposit the organic compounds due to the organic compounds' solubility difference. If the solubilities of the organic compounds with respect to the selected solvents are the same, it is impossible to form the organic thin film having a concentration gradient according to the present invention.
  • the viscosity of the composite solution may affect the thickness of the EL layer, and the thickness of the EL layer is controlled to optimize the emitting intensity.
  • the viscosity of the composite solution can be adjusted by the selection of solvents, preferably less than 5000 cp.
  • the lower limit of the viscosity is not important in the present invention, but for example more than 100 cp, more preferably more than 1000 cp.
  • the concentration of the EL materials in the solvents is determined so as to be suitable for the wet process, preferably from 0.005 to 10 wt %, more preferably 0.01 to 10 wt %. If the viscosity and concentration are away from the above ranges, the film formation by the wet process may not be efficiently performed.
  • the EL layer 20 When the EL layer 20 is formed by using the composite solution according to the wet process such as the spin coating, cast method, inkjet method, dipping method and printing method, the EL layer 20 may be deteriorated due to the moisture and oxygen of air.
  • the EL layer 20 is preferably manufactured with a film formation device installed in a booth filled with low reactive gases, for example rare gases or inert gases such as argon, helium and nitrogen. Thereafter, the solvents to form the EL layer 20 are sequentially and completely removed by thermal evaporation. Preferably, the solvents are evaporated at a temperature lower than a glass transition temperature of the EL materials.
  • the EL layer 20 can be formed with polymer precursors, and then the precursors can be transformed into polymer EL materials by heating or UV curing.
  • the cathode 17 (or anode 11 ) is formed on the EL layer 20 formed on the anode 11 (or cathode 17 ) of the substrate 10 .
  • the anode 11 is preferably made of a material having a high work function.
  • Exemplary anode 11 materials include silver, nickel, gold, platinum, palladium, selenium, rhenium, iridium, alloys thereof, tin oxide, indium-tin-oxide, and copper iodide.
  • conductive polymers such as polyaniline, poly(3-methylthiophene), polyphenylene sulfide and polypyrrole can be the materials for forming the anode.
  • the cathode 17 is preferably made of a material having a low work function.
  • Exemplary cathode materials include Al, Mg, Li, Cs, Ba, K, Be or Ca.
  • a protective electrode to protect the cathode from external moisture can be formed, and the materials including Al or Ag can be used as the protective electrode.
  • the substrate 10 on which the EL layer 20 and the electrodes 11 , 17 are formed examples include a transparent substrates made of glass, quartz or polymer and inorganic semiconductor substrates made of silicon or gallium-arsenide, which is not intended to be limiting the present invention.
  • the EL device is encapsulated with a sealing member such as glass, ceramic, plastic and metal under the inert gas atmosphere, or encapsulated with a thermosetting resin or ultraviolet ray curable resin.
  • a hygroscopic material in the encapsulated space, and the representative example of the hygroscopic material is barium oxide.
  • the device having one pixel is mainly disclosed to illustrate the present invention.
  • a plurality of pixels having the same structure can be aligned in a matrix type to form the device of the present invention, and the color EL display device can also be manufactured according to the present invention.
  • the present invention also can be applied to the color display devices in which a white EL device and a color filter are combined, a blue or bluish green EL device and a fluorescent color covering material layer are combined, or a transparent electrode is used as a cathode and an EL device corresponding to RGB is respectively laminated. It is also possible to manufacture a black and white display device by forming a white light-emitting layer on an EL layer.
  • Example of the active matrix organic EL display according to the present invention includes a thin film transistor switching device.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and other switching devices, such as two terminal devices, for example, MIM can also be used.
  • passive driving, static driving and segment display driving can also be used in the present invention.
  • a single or plurality of switching devices can be formed on one pixel.
  • low molecular weight compound and polymer material were used as the organic semiconductor EL materials.
  • ⁇ -NPD 4,4 bis[N-(1-napthyl-N-phenyl-amino)biphenyl]
  • hole transporting material ⁇ -NPD (4,4 bis[N-(1-napthyl-N-phenyl-amino)biphenyl]
  • green light emitting Alq 3 tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum was used as the light-emitting material and the electron transporting material.
  • the mixed solution was useful for depositing the continuous non-boundary ⁇ -NPD ⁇ Alq 3 multi-layer ((1) anode/hole injecting and transporting layers ⁇ light-emitting layer/cathode), and PVK worked as the charge carrier binder resin.
  • the EL device according to an embodiment of the present invention was formed as follows.
  • An organic EL layer was formed by continuous depositions of organic thin films.
  • the EL layer was thermally treated at 80° C. for 30 minutes to completely evaporate the solvents in the EL layer.
  • the thickness of the produced thin film was 500 to 700 ⁇ .
  • the produced (ITO/ ⁇ -NPD(PVK) ⁇ Alq 3 (PVK)/Al:Li) EL device had the light-emitting initiation voltage (Vonset) of ⁇ 13V, and the current flowing through the EL device and the EL intensity at the voltage of 20V were 3.5 mA and ⁇ 196 cd/m 2 , respectively.
  • the EL device emitted the uniform green light (540 nm).
  • the organic EL display panel performed the stable light emission for a long time.
  • the characteristics of the EL device are summarized in Table 1, and the voltage-current (V-I) and voltage-EL intensity (V-L) properties of the EL device are shown in FIGS. 3 a and 3 b , respectively.
  • Example 2 The same organic materials as the EL materials of Example 1 were used in this Example. 1:1 (weight ratio) mixture of dichloroethane and dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2 ) was used as the mixed solvent. Here, the boiling points of dichloroethane and dichloromethane were 82° C. and 40° C., respectively. The deposition speed and deposition order of each organic material from the mixed solvent were evaluated.
  • dichloromethane was firstly evaporated, and ⁇ -NPD and PVK having lower solubilities in dichloroethane were deposited to form a thin film. At the same time, a small amount of Alq 3 was also deposited. When dichloromethane was almost completely evaporated, deposition of ⁇ -NPD was ceased. Then, dichloroethane was evaporated, and Alq 3 dissolved in the solution (dichloroethane) was deposited with PVK to form another thin film on the lower ⁇ -NPD and PVK layer.
  • the mixed solution was useful for depositing the continuous non-boundary ⁇ -NPD ⁇ Alq 3 multi-layer, and PVK worked as the charge carrier binder resin.
  • the produced EL device had the light-emitting initiation voltage (V onset ) of ⁇ 13V, and the current flowing through the EL device and the EL intensity at the voltage of 20V were 2.9 mA and ⁇ 210 cd/m 2 , respectively.
  • the EL device emitted the uniform green light (540 nm).
  • the organic EL display panel performed the stable light emission for a long time.
  • the characteristics of the EL device are summarized in Table 1, and the voltage-current (V-I) and voltage-EL intensity (V-L) properties of the EL device are shown in FIGS. 4 a and 4 b , respectively.
  • the produced EL device had the light-emitting initiation voltage (V onset ) of ⁇ 18V, and the current flowing through the EL device and the EL intensity at the voltage of 20V were less than 0.3 mA and ⁇ 1 cd/m 2 respectively.
  • the EL device emitted the non-uniform and unstable green light.
  • the characteristics of the EL device are summarized in Table 1, and the voltage-current (V-I) and voltage-EL intensity (V-L) properties of the EL device are shown in FIGS. 5 a and 5 b , respectively.
  • the same organic materials as the EL materials of Example 1 were used in this Comparative Example.
  • the single solvent of chloroform was used as the solvent.
  • the deposition order of each organic material from the solvent was evaluated.
  • Alq 3 , ⁇ -NPD and PVK were deposited to form a uniform thin film.
  • the single solvent was useful for forming the single-layer where ⁇ -NPD and Alq 3 were uniformly dispersed, but was not useful for forming the continuous non-boundary multi-layer.
  • the EL device was formed according to the method described in Example 1 except for using the single solvent (chloroform).
  • the produced organic thin film was a single layer in which the organic materials are uniformly dispersed.
  • the produced EL device had the light-emitting initiation voltage (V onset ) of ⁇ 19V, and the current flowing through the EL device and the EL intensity at the voltage of 20V were less than 0.5 mA and ⁇ 1 cd/m 2 respectively.
  • the EL device emitted the non-uniform and unstable green light.
  • the characteristics of the EL device are summarized in Table 1, and the voltage-current (V-I) and voltage-EL intensity (V-L) properties of the EL device are shown in FIGS. 6 a and 6 b , respectively.
  • the organic semiconductor thin film having the non-boundary multi-layer structure of the present invention is different from the conventional uniformly distributed single-layer film or multi-layer film, and can be easily manufactured.
  • the organic EL device has the lower driving voltage and higher operation efficiency than the devices produced with the single or simply mixed solvents. Thus, it is possible to reduce the manufacturing cost of the efficient light-emitting device and produce an electronic device having high quality of display images.
  • the organic EL device of the present invention can be applied to various display devices, televisions, digital cameras, computers, notebook computers, mobile computers, portable image recording or displaying device, screens, bulletin boards, store signs, goggle type displays, car displays, video cameras, printer displays, remote control devices, phone displays, mobile phones, etc.
  • the organic semiconductor thin film of the present invention having the non-boundary multi-layer structure has the excellent “applied voltage”: “light emitting intensity” property, and “applied voltage”: “current” properties, which are similar to non-linear current properties of a typical diode device.
  • the organic semiconductor thin film of the present invention can also be applied to various organic semiconductor devices such as organic diode devices.

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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
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CN1628493B (zh) 2010-12-08
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US20060177696A1 (en) 2006-08-10
EP1474955A1 (en) 2004-11-10
KR20020025918A (ko) 2002-04-04
US7666691B2 (en) 2010-02-23
WO2003069959A1 (en) 2003-08-21
US20060147615A1 (en) 2006-07-06

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Date Code Title Description
STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION