TWI388338B - 對聚合醣鏈進行放射標誌以作為肝受體造影劑之方法 - Google Patents
對聚合醣鏈進行放射標誌以作為肝受體造影劑之方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI388338B TWI388338B TW098136143A TW98136143A TWI388338B TW I388338 B TWI388338 B TW I388338B TW 098136143 A TW098136143 A TW 098136143A TW 98136143 A TW98136143 A TW 98136143A TW I388338 B TWI388338 B TW I388338B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
- A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
- A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
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- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F13/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 7 or 17 of the Periodic Table
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Description
一種聚合醣鏈作為肝受體造影劑的放射標誌方法來評估不同物種肝受體造影之效能,與所需肝受體造影之最低比放射活度。
在肝臟已知有一種去唾液酸醣蛋白受體ASGPR(asialoglycoprotein receptor),對末端帶有Gal,GalNAc的醣鏈有專一性結合,因此可以開發具Gal或GalNAc端之醣鏈作為肝受體造影劑。肝受體造影劑在產業上有如下之實用性:
1.換肝手術常因短暫性缺氧再灌流所造成的肝損傷過於厲害以致失敗,換肝後做肝受體造影,可立即知道換肝手術是否有成功。
2.肝受體造影是實際肝功能的證據。帶Gal,GalNAc端的醣胜肽或醣蛋白和ASGPR結合後,係經由受器媒介的內吞作用(receptor-mediated endocytosis)途徑進入肝細胞,肝病變時,肝受體減少,造影值會減低;因此理論上是可以造影值評估實際肝功能的多寡。
3.肝受體造影可以作為中草藥抗肝發炎與抗纖維化之藥效之評估。
4.肝受體造影劑具高專一性肝標靶特性,可有效攜帶肝臟治療藥集中劑量聚積於肝,不但可大幅節省使用劑量,與治療成本,也可有效減低副作用的產生。
5.肝受體造影劑安全性高,可作為肝臟的基因載體,而不會有不必要的過敏免疫反應。
目前文獻或專利已揭露可用以聚合醣基之胜肽或蛋白有白蛋白(albumin)、酪胺酸-麩胺酸-麩胺酸(tyrosine-glutamyl-glutamic acid;簡稱YEE)、酪胺酸-天門冬胺酸-天門冬胺酸(tyrosine-aspartyl-aspartic acid;簡稱YDD)與酪胺酸-麩胺酸-麩胺酸-麩胺酸(tyrosine-glutamyl-glutamyl-glutamic acid;簡稱YEEE)。
鎝-99m-半乳醣-血清-白蛋白(Tc-99m-Galactosyl-Serum-Albumin;簡稱Tc-99m GSA)已知是一種肝受體造影劑,YEE、YDD最早由Lee等(1983)提出,YEEE為Chen等的改良發明(中華民國專利TW1240002,2000)。1983年Lee等提出二鏈成串的半乳胺醣胜肽與肝細胞結合力是單鏈半乳胺醣胜肽的1000倍;而三鏈成串的半乳胺醣胜肽與肝細胞結合力是單鏈半乳胺醣胜肽的106倍1。要將三個半乳胺醣鏈聚合在一起,必需先找到一個鷹架,上面至少要有3個官能基方能完成,可以用聚合的胺基酸,亦即胜肽,例如麩胺醯基-麩胺酸(glutamyl-glutamic acid簡寫為EE,因為麩胺酸glutamic acid簡寫為E)、天門冬胺醯基-天門冬胺酸(aspartyl-aspartic acid簡寫為DD,因為天門冬胺酸簡寫為D)、或賴胺酸-賴胺酸(lysine-lysine簡寫為KK,因為賴胺酸簡寫為K)。EE與DD皆有三個COOH官能基裸露在外,因此可與三個一定長度的半乳胺醣胜肽接合。至於
KK,它有3個胺基和一個COOH官能基,3個胺基不易與醣鏈連接,所以迄今沒有人用來發展肝受體造影劑。
EE和DD接上Y(tyrosine之簡稱)是為了方便碘同位素標誌,以使之能進行體內造影或細胞受體結合度試驗。但YEE或YDD進行碘標誌,必須加入chloramine T、Iodobead、或Iodogen等氧化劑,若要作為體內造影使用,有必要於反應終了進行純化步驟來去除氧化劑,因為這些氧化劑對人體體內使用是有毒性的。
肝受體造影劑的理想之放射標誌,是一莫耳的聚合醣鏈接合一莫耳的放射性同位素,但實際上有困難,即使是結構相近的醣鏈,其放射化學特性也會不盡相同,除透過調整配體/In-111莫爾比、緩衝液之選擇及反應溫度外,尚需透過動物實驗方能確定其放射標誌所必需的比放射活度。根據2004年Park等人(JBC 279:40954-40959,2004.)對不同物種ASGPR專一性的研究,人的ASGPR特性與小鼠的ASGPR較相近,因此研究小鼠所需肝受體造影之最低比放射活度,有助評析未來應用於人體試驗可能需要的比放射活度。
有鑑於此,為解決上述問題,本發明提供肝受體造影劑DCM-Lys(GahGalNAc)3(式中DCM表示二羧基甲基及Gah表示甘胺醯基-胺基己基)及AHA-Asp[DCM-Lys(ahLac)3]2(式中AHA表示胺基己醯基,DCM表示二羧基甲基,及ah表示胺基己基),以及分子造影技術,來探討不同物種至少所需
之比放射活度。在設計上,本發明將賴胺酸(lysine)做進一步修飾,係以賴胺酸(lysine)上的α-胺基與甘醇酸(glycolic acid)進行烷基化還原反應(reductive alkylation),如此N上帶2個CH2COOH,加上賴胺酸(lysine)本身的一個COOH和一個NH2,足以聚合3個醣鏈又有自由胺基可進一步藉由DTPA(二伸乙三胺五乙酸,diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid)與DOTA(四氮雜環十二烷四乙酸,tetraazacyclodedcane tetraacetic acid)的橋接,形成適用In-111、Tc-99m、Ga-68與Gd標誌肝受體造影劑的前驅物。相較於碘標誌的缺點,In-111、Ga-68與Tc-99m標誌不含氯胺(chloramine)T、Iodobead、Iodogen等氧化劑,本身毒性極低,可以提供一個不同於YEE、YDD,但很適合In-111或Tc-99m標誌之新肝標靶藥物;並藉由不同物種所需肝受體造影之最低比放射活度探討,評析未來應用於人體試驗可能需要的比放射活度。
本發明提供一種6鏈乳醣鏈新穎肝受體造影劑的In-111放射標誌的方法,係將3價的放射性同位素In-111加入DTPA-AHA-Asp[DCM-Lys(ah-Lac)3]2(式中DTPA表示二伸乙三胺五乙酸酯,AHA表示胺基己醯基,DCM表示二羧基甲基,及ah表示胺基己基)(下文中AHA-Asp[DCM-Lys(ah-Lac)3]2又稱為”六乳糖苷”),室溫震盪反應30分鐘。此肝受體造影劑的最佳比活度是2.5x1010貝克/毫克(Bq/mg),標誌放射化學純度高達99%以上。以此放射比活度進行造影時,劑量只須20nCi/g,如此對一個60kg的人而言,造影放射活度可以低到1mCi。
未來DTPA-六乳糖苷可以做成凍晶劑型,有利外銷;而3價放射性同位素In-111係直接加入DTPA-六乳糖苷中,方法簡便毋須純化,本身毒性極低,具相當高安全性。
另一方面,本發明提供一種3鏈半乳醣鏈新穎肝受體造影劑的In-111放射標誌的方法,係將3價的放射性同位素In-111加入DTPA-DCM-Lys(Gah-GalNAc)3(式中DTPA表示二伸乙三胺五乙酸酯,AHA表示胺基己醯基,DCM表示二羧基甲基,及Gah表示甘胺醯基-胺基己基),必需增溫到90℃或100℃震盪反應30分鐘,產生比活度是3.4x108貝克/毫克(Bq/mg))產物,但若比活度低於1.7x108貝克/毫克(Bq/mg),只能應用於大鼠,不能應用於小鼠造影。
有關本發明的特徵與實作,茲以最佳實施例詳細說明如下:
本發明是以Nε-苄氧羰基-Nα-二羧基甲基-L-賴胺酸(Nε-benzyloxycarbonyl-Nα-dicarboxylmethyl-L-lysine)(簡稱Z-DCM-Lys)為新基本結構來串接胺基己基β-GalNAc(簡稱ah-GalNAc)、甘胺醯基-胺基己基β-GalNAc(簡稱Gah-GalNAc)、或胺基己基-Lac(簡稱ah-Lac),如此將形成三鏈醣胜肽,由於乳醣鏈與ASGPR的結合強度不若半乳胺醣鏈來得強,因此若串接的是乳醣鏈,會再以天門冬胺酸或麩胺酸(glutamic acid)將2分子的三鏈乳醣鏈串接在一起;例如將2分子的ε-Z-α
-DCM-Lys(ah-Lac)3再以胺基己基天門冬胺酸(簡稱AHA-Asp)串接在一塊形成AHA-Asp[DCM-Lys(ah-Lac)3]2(以下簡稱六乳糖苷)。此六乳糖苷的自由胺基端可與DTPA酸酐在碳酸鈉溶液中反應,形成AHA-Asp[DCM-Lys(ah-Lac)3]2的DTPA衍生物(即六乳糖苷之DTPA衍生物),請見圖1所示。
醣鏈胜肽與鼠肝細胞結合強度是以Eu-ε-血清黏蛋白(Eu-asialo-orosomucoid)(Eu-ASOR)作為參考物質,比較DCM-Lys(ah-GalNAc)3、DCM-Lys(Gah-GalNAc)3、DCM-Lys(ah-Lac)3、AHA-Asp[DCM-Lys(ah-Lac)3]2(式中個符號如前述定義)等醣鏈胜肽是否比Eu-ASOR對鼠肝細胞有更強之結合度,以IC50(50%抑制作用之濃度)表示結合度大小,IC50愈小表示結合度愈強。鼠肝細胞購自馬里蘭州Lonza生技公司,已事先鋪平長在24孔盤上,反應於每一孔中進行,分別加入(i)Eu-ASOR 10nM(ii)加有5mM氯化鈣的肝細胞基礎培養基,及(iii)1uM-0.8nM 5個不同濃度的醣鏈胜肽。震盪培養1小時,用含氯化鈣的肝細胞基礎培養基洗去未和肝細胞結合的物質,以時差性螢光分析術來做分析,亦即加入一增強液(15 μM β-萘甲醯基三氟丙酮(β-naphthoyl trifluoroacetone),50uM三正辛基氧化膦(tri-n-octyl-phosphine oxide),0.1M鄰苯二甲酸氫鉀(potassium hydrogen phthalate),0.1% triton X-100於0.1M乙酸中,pH 3.2)。該增強液會和Eu3+形成一Eu螯合物,在340nm被激發後可放出615nm的發射光來,以醣鏈胜肽的濃度對數值作為X軸,發射出來螢光值作為Y軸。其中,
以沒有加醣胜肽的那點螢光值設為100%,依此可算出各醣鏈胜肽IC50值來。請見表一所示,由數據可知AHA-Asp[DCM-Lys(ah-Lac)3]2和ASGPR的結合可達和YEE、YDD一樣之結合強度,但DCM-Lys(Gah-GalNAc)3和ASGPR的結合是YEE、YDD結合強度的10倍。
30 μ Ci In-111(6x10-13莫耳於0.1M檸檬酸(citric acid)中,pH 2.1)與43.8ng DTPA-六乳糖苷(1.2 x10-11莫耳)反應30分鐘,In-111-DTPA-六乳糖苷之放射化學純度是以輻射-ITLC薄層色層分析術來獲得。簡述如下:將上述反應產物取樣點在ITLC-SG薄片上,放入已內置10 mM檸檬酸鹽緩衝液(citrate buffer)(pH 4)之展開槽中展開。當液面到達展開終點時,取出薄片,置於煙櫃內烘乾,再以放射薄層掃描分析儀掃描,分析Rf(滯留因子,其係分析物移動之距離除以移動相移動之距離所得之值)值,In-111-DTPA-六乳糖苷會停留在原點附近,游離In-111與In-111 DTPA則會停留在展開相的前端,繪出並積分個別圖譜,請見圖2
所示。
以In-111-DTPA-六乳糖苷尾靜脈注入小鼠體內(20nCi/g),分別於1分鐘(min),3分鐘(min),5分鐘(min),10分鐘(min),15分鐘(min),1小時(hr),24小時(hr)後以頸椎脫臼法犧牲小鼠,取其體內各器官,收集小鼠生物樣本,包含全血、腦、肌肉(大腿)、骨、胃、脾臟、胰臟、小腸、大腸、肺臟、心臟、腎、膽囊、肝、膀胱尿液等。將樣本秤重,隨後放置於計測管中,將各器官與標準管(standard)置於加瑪計數儀(Cobra II Auto-Gamma Counter,PACKARD,U.S.A)一起計測,計算個別器官注射百分比(Percentage of injected dose per organ,% ID)。實驗數據以平均值±標準誤(Mean±standard error of mean,mean±SEM)呈現,繪製時間活性曲線(time activity curve),並據以計算體內實際放射劑量分布,請見圖3所示,生物體分布數據圖中接近80%的活度聚積在肝,其它除尿液外沒有其它器官有放射活度聚積。由於小鼠血流量75%集中在腎臟,因此部分放射活度分布在尿液是難免的,若不計尿液的分佈,則肝臟的分佈應為接近100%,足以證明它的肝標靶特性。
以In-111-DTPA-六乳糖苷尾靜脈注入小鼠體內(20nCi/g),分佈15分鐘後,進行全身冷凍切片(CM 3600,Leica Instrument,Germany),切片時厚度為20-30 μm,並將放射活度暴露到X光片上,將選取之切片置於IP板上,
一起放入壓片匣內,於-20℃中以X光片壓片,如此器官上的放射性活度會在X光片上相對應位置呈現影像,影像強度與器官上的放射性活度強度成正比(自動放射顯影術),以BAS-1000與Fuji Film Image reader及Image Gauge軟體進行影像分析,可得全身自體放射顯影圖,請見圖4所示。其自體放射顯影圖和生物體分布數據是一致的,都是只有肝及尿液可見放射活度。
將In-111-DTPA-六乳糖苷(20nCi/g)自尾靜脈注射入小鼠體內,於注射後立即進行SPECT/CT(Gamma Medica Idea(GMI)X-SPECT),以中能量平行孔準直儀,造影15分鐘,在造影時,以異氟烷(isoflurane)麻醉實驗動物,造影完進行SPECT/CT影像融合,請見圖5所示。其SPECT/CT影像和生物體分佈及自體放射顯影數據一致,都是只有在肝及尿液中有放射活度,圈選肝的位置來定量其肝中的影像強度。
取不同濃度之DTPA-六乳糖苷,置於微量離心管內,加入0.1M檸檬酸(pH 2.1)及銦-111-氯化銦溶液,放射活度約30 μ Ci,將微量離心管溫和搖動使內容物完全混合。室溫標誌反應30分鐘後取樣以輻射-ITLC即時薄層分析法,分析銦-111-DTPA-六乳糖苷之放射化學純度。6-聚乳醣鏈/In-111莫耳比與放射化學產率關係圖,請見圖6所示,其數據告訴我們6-聚乳醣鏈/In-111莫耳比為20以上時,可以得到高達99%以上之放射化學產率,此時的放射比活度為
2.5x1010貝克/毫克(Bq/mg)。
Clone 9是大鼠肝細胞,FL83B是小鼠肝細胞,HepG2是人類肝癌細胞。1x106 HepG2、Clone 9及FL83B的細胞數平鋪在6孔培養盤上,加入1 μ Ci In-111-DTPA-六乳糖苷37℃反應1小時,洗去上清液,再用磷酸鹽緩衝液清洗2次,加1N氫氧化鈉(NaOH)把細胞洗下來,也是用磷酸鹽緩衝液清洗2次,以加瑪計數儀(Cobra II Auto-Gamma Counter,PACKARD,U.S.A)計測細胞吸收的γ count;重覆上述步驟,也是以1x106 Clone 9及FL83B的細胞數平鋪在6孔培養盤上,先加入150nM六乳糖苷,反應1小時(hr),才加入1 μ Ci In-111-DTPA-六乳糖苷於37℃反應1小時,洗去上清液,再用磷酸鹽緩衝液清洗2次,加1N NaOH把細胞洗下來,也是用磷酸鹽緩衝液清洗2次,以加瑪計數儀(Cobra II Auto-Gamma Counter,PACKARD,U.S.A)計測細胞吸收的γ計數;其結果顯示請見圖7所示,相同大小鼠肝細胞數對In-111-DTPA-六乳糖苷的吸收是一樣多,HepG2則相對吸收比大小鼠肝細胞吸收來得多,但若是各物種肝細胞先以高量(150nM)六乳糖苷佔據肝細胞後,各物種肝細胞對In-111-DTPA-六乳糖苷幾乎都呈背景值。
以20nCi/g,50nCi/g,100nCi/g,200nCi/g劑量之In-111-DTPA-六乳糖苷自尾靜脈注入大小鼠體內,進行
SPECT/CT造影15分鐘,進行定量分析與斷層掃描實驗,圈選肝的範圍定量其影像強度,繪製序列活度劑量與肝臟吸收放射劑量曲線圖。大小鼠對序列In-111-DTPA-六乳糖苷糖肽肝吸收曲線,請見第8圖所示,其結果明顯看出就單位面積肝的吸收大鼠是高於小鼠吸收,由於先前由細胞實驗得知。相同大小鼠肝細胞數對In-111-DTPA-六乳糖苷的吸收是一樣多,因此我們推估大小鼠單位面積的ASGPR是不一樣多的,大鼠ASGPR的密度較小鼠來的大。
取不同濃度之DTPA-DCM-Lys(Gah-GalNAc)3,置於微量離心管內,加入0.1M檸檬酸(pH 2.1)及銦-111-氯化銦溶液,放射活度約30 μ Ci,將微量離心管溫和搖動使內容物完全混合。室溫、90℃或100℃下標誌反應30分鐘後,取樣以輻射-ITLC即時薄層分析法,分析銦-111-DTPA-DCM-Lys(Gah-GalNAc)3之放射化學純度,結果請見表二所示。
以不同放射比活度之In-111 DTPA-DCM-Lys(Gah-GalNAc)3,自尾靜脈注射入小鼠體內,於注射後立即進行SPECT/CT(Gamma Medica Idea(GMI)X-SPECT),以中能量平行孔準直儀,造影15分鐘,在造影時,以異氟烷(isoflurane)麻醉實驗動物,造影完進行SPECT/CT影像融合,請見圖9A、圖9B、圖9C所示。其中圖9A造影圖所用放射比活度為1.1x109貝克/毫克(Bq/mg)、圖9B造影圖所用放射比活度為3.4x108貝克/毫克(Bq/mg)、圖9C造影圖所用放射比活度為1.7x108貝克/毫克(Bq/mg);其結果告訴我們以In-111 DTPA-DCM-Lys(Gah-GalNAc)3進行小鼠SPECT/CT造影,其比放射活度必需高於3.4x108貝克/毫克(Bq/mg)。
以不同放射比活度之In-111 DTPA-DCM-Lys(Gah-GalNAc)3,自尾靜脈注射入小鼠體內,於注射後立即進行SPECT/CT(Gamma Medica Idea(GMI)X-SPECT),以中能量平行孔準直儀,造影15分鐘,在造影時,以異氟烷麻醉實驗動物,造影完進行SPECT/CT影像融合,請見圖10A、圖10B所示。其中圖10A造影圖所用放射比活度為1.7x108貝克/毫克(Bq/mg)、圖10B造影圖所用放射比活度為3.7x107貝克/毫克(Bq/mg)。其結果告訴我們以即使低於3.7x107貝克/毫克(Bq/mg)放射比活度的In-111 DTPA-DCM-Lys(Gah-GalNAc)3進行大鼠SPECT/CT造影,仍可以得到清楚之影像。
雖然已說明且描述了本發明之實施例,但是熟悉此項技術者可作各種修改及改良。並不意欲將本發明限制於如所說明之特殊形式,且所有不背離本發明之精神及範圍的修改都屬於如隨附之申請專利範圍中所界定之範圍內。
綜觀上述,本發明以其整體之組合與特徵而言,既未曾見諸於同類產品中,申請前亦未公開,誠已符合專利法之法定要件,依法提出發明專利之申請
圖1 肝標靶藥物的結構圖;圖2 In-111-DTPA-六乳糖苷的快速薄層色層分析圖譜,其放射化學純度高達99%,比放射活度為2.5x1010貝克/毫克(Bq/mg);圖3 In-111-DTPA-六乳糖苷在生物體(小鼠)分布數據圖;圖4 生物體(小鼠)全身自體放射顯影圖;圖5 肝受體造影劑SPECT/CT影像定量分析與斷層掃描之SPECT/CT造影圖;圖6 DTPA-六乳糖苷/In-111莫耳比與放射化學產率關係圖;圖7 各物種鼠肝細胞對In-111-DTPA-六乳糖苷的吸收;圖8 大小鼠對序列In-111-DTPA-六乳糖苷糖肽肝吸收曲線;圖9A 不同比放射活度之In-111 DTPA-DCM-Lys(Gah-GalNAc)3於小鼠之分子造影之SPECT/CT造影圖,放射比活度為1.1x109貝克/毫克(Bq/mg);圖9B 不同比放射活度之In-111 DTPA-DCM-Lys(Gah-GalNAc)3於小鼠之分子造影之SPECT/CT造影圖,放射比活度為3.4x108貝克/毫克(Bq/mg);圖9C 不同比放射活度之In-111 DTPA-DCM-Lys(Gah-GalNAc)3於小鼠之分子造影之
SPECT/CT造影圖,放射比活度為1.7x108貝克/毫克(Bq/mg);圖10A 不同放射活度之In-111 DTPA-DCM-Lys(Gah-GalNAc)3於大鼠之分子造影之SPECT/CT造影圖,放射比活度為1.7x108貝克/毫克(Bq/mg);以及圖10B 不同放射活度之In-111 DTPA-DCM-Lys(Gah-GalNAc)3於大鼠之分子造影之SPECT/CT造影圖,放射比活度為3.7x107貝克/毫克(Bq/mg)。
Claims (3)
- 一種對聚合醣鏈進行放射標誌而可作為肝受體造影劑之方法,其包括使DTPA-聚合醣鏈衍生物與111InCl3於室溫或加熱條件下反應30分鐘而獲得經111In標誌之DTPA-聚合醣鏈,其中該DTPA-聚合醣鏈衍生物係選自DTPA-6聚合乳醣鏈(DTPA-AHA-Asp[DCM-Lys(ah-Lac)3]2)(式中DTPA表示二伸乙三胺五乙酸酯,AHA表示胺基己醯基,DCM表示二羧基甲基,及ah表示胺基己基)及DTPA-3聚合半乳醣鏈(DTPA-DCM-Lys(Gah-GalNAc)3)(式中DTPA表示二伸乙三胺五乙酸酯,AHA表示胺基己醯基,DCM表示二羧基甲基,及Gah表示甘胺醯基-胺基己基)之至少一種,且該DTPA-聚合醣鏈衍生物對於111InCl3之反應莫爾比至少為20。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中該經111In標誌之DTPA-聚合醣鏈為In-111-DTPA-6聚合乳醣鏈(In-111-DTPA-AHA-Asp[DCM-Lys(ah-Lac)3]2)(其中DTPA、AHA、DCM、ah係如申請專利範圍第1項之定義),且其標誌產率為99%以上,比放射活度為2.5x1010貝克/毫克(Bq/mg)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中該經111In標誌之DTPA-聚合醣鏈為In-111-DTPA-3聚合半乳糖鏈(In-111-DTPA-DCM-Lys(Gah-GalNAc)3)(其中DTPA、AHA、DCM、Gah係如申請專利範圍第1項之定義),且反應係於高於90℃之溫度進行,其標誌產率為80%以上且比放射活度大於3.7×107貝克/毫克。
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| TWI553017B (zh) | 2012-12-28 | 2016-10-11 | 行政院原子能委員會核能研究所 | 新穎膽道掃描用造影劑及其製造方法 |
| KR20160002977A (ko) | 2013-05-01 | 2016-01-08 | 아이시스 파마수티컬즈 인코포레이티드 | 조성물 및 방법 |
| EP3647318B1 (en) | 2014-04-28 | 2021-06-30 | Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Linkage modified oligomeric compounds |
| RU2724527C2 (ru) | 2014-05-01 | 2020-06-23 | Ионис Фармасьютикалз, Инк. | Композиции и способы модулирования экспрессии рецептора гормона роста |
| JP2017521045A (ja) | 2014-05-01 | 2017-08-03 | アイオーニス ファーマシューティカルズ, インコーポレーテッドIonis Pharmaceuticals,Inc. | アンジオポエチン様因子3発現を調節するための組成物及び方法 |
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| AU2019218987B2 (en) | 2018-02-12 | 2025-04-24 | Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Modified compounds and uses thereof |
| BR112020020957B1 (pt) | 2018-05-09 | 2022-05-10 | Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc | Compostos oligoméricos, população e composição farmacêutica dos mesmos e seus usos |
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