TWI391144B - 一種定量肝殘餘功能的檢驗方法與其新穎肝受體造影檢驗藥劑 - Google Patents
一種定量肝殘餘功能的檢驗方法與其新穎肝受體造影檢驗藥劑 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI391144B TWI391144B TW098136146A TW98136146A TWI391144B TW I391144 B TWI391144 B TW I391144B TW 098136146 A TW098136146 A TW 098136146A TW 98136146 A TW98136146 A TW 98136146A TW I391144 B TWI391144 B TW I391144B
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- liver
- contrast agent
- lysine
- liver receptor
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Description
本發明主要為一種定量肝殘存功能的檢驗方法,並提供一新穎具肝標靶特性肝受體造影的放射檢驗藥劑。
在肝臟已知有一種去唾液酸醣蛋白受體ASGPR(asialoglycoprotein receptor),對末端帶有Gal,GalNAc的醣胜肽或醣蛋白有專一性結合,肝病變時ASGPR的數量會改變,但尚沒有一系統性的定量評估工具普遍為大家所接受使用,因此可以開發具半乳糖(galactose,下簡稱Gal)或N-乙醯半乳醣胺(N-acetylgalactosamine,下簡稱GalNAc)端之醣胜肽或醣蛋白作為肝受體造影劑。肝受體造影劑在產業上有如下之實用性:
1.換肝病患常有短暫性缺氧現象,換肝後做肝受體造影,可立即知道換肝手術是否有成功。肝受體造影是實際肝功能的證據。帶Gal,GalNAc端的醣胜肽或醣蛋白和ASGPR結合後,係經由受器媒介的內吞作用(receptor-mediated endocytosis)途徑進入肝細胞,肝病變時,肝受體減少,造影值會減低;因此理論上是可以造影值評估實際肝功能的多寡。
2.肝受體造影可以作為中草藥抗肝發炎與抗纖維化之藥效之評估。
3.肝受體造影劑具高專一性肝標靶特性,可有效攜帶肝臟治療藥集中劑量聚積於肝,不但可大幅節省使用劑量,
與治療成本,也可有效減低副作用的產生。
4.肝受體造影劑具高專一性肝標靶特性,安全性又高,可作為肝臟基因載體,而不會有不必要的過敏免疫反應。
此類肝受體造影劑具定量肝儲存功能之潛力,臨床正急需要一個可以判定殘餘肝功能的檢驗藥劑,以幫助臨床醫師判定那些患者必需非換肝不可。臺灣目前有300萬B肝患者、50萬C肝患者與不可計數的藥毒性肝炎患者,這些人皆是肝衰竭的高危險群,有定期評估肝儲存功能的必要。
目前文獻或專利已揭露可用以聚合醣基之胜肽或蛋白有白蛋白(albumin)、酪氨酸-麩氨酸-麩氨酸(tyrosine-glutamyl-glutamic acid;簡稱YEE)、酪氨酸-天門冬氨酸-天門冬氨酸(tyrosine-aspartyl-aspartic acid;簡稱YDD)與酪氨酸-麩氨酸-麩氨酸-麩氨酸(tyrosine-glutamyl-glutamyl-glutamic acid;簡稱YEEE)。
鎝-99m-半乳醣-血清-白蛋白(Tc-99m-Galactosyl-Serum-Albumin;簡稱Tc-99m GSA)已知是一種肝受體造影劑,在日本已在臨床使用,但GSA屬蛋白類,為生物製劑,分子量很大約67kD,即使以質譜分析,也很難確切知悉蛋白上所接醣基與DTPA的位置和數目。而YEE、YDD、YEEE為胜肽類,分子量1-2kD,以質譜分析是可以預期其胜肽上所接合醣基和DTPA的數量與位置的,較GSA已大大簡化其品管程序。
YEE、YDD最早由Lee(1983)提出,YEEE為Chen的改良發明(TW1240000,2000)。1983年Lee提出二鏈成串的半
乳胺醣胜肽與肝細胞受體結合力是單鏈半乳胺醣胜肽的1000倍;而三鏈成串的半乳胺醣胜肽與肝細胞受體結合力是單鏈半乳胺醣胜肽的106倍。要將三個半乳胺醣鏈聚合在一起,必需先找到一個鷹架,上面至少有3個官能基方能完成,可以用聚合的氨基酸,亦即胜肽,例如麩氨酸-麩氨酸(glutamyl-glutamic acid;簡寫為EE,因為麩氨酸glutamic acid;簡寫為E)、天門冬氨酸-天門冬氨酸(aspartyl-aspartic acid;簡寫為DD,因為天門冬氨酸簡寫為D)、或賴胺酸-賴胺酸(lysine-lysine;簡寫為KK,因為賴胺酸簡寫為K)。EE與DD皆有三個COOH官能基裸露在外,因此可與三個一定長度的半乳胺醣胜肽接合,pKa在酸性範圍,在酸中可析出,有利分離純化。至於KK,它有3個氨基和一個COOH官能基,3個氨基不易與醣鏈連接,所以迄今沒有人用來發展肝受體造影劑。
EE和DD接上Y(tyrosine之簡稱)是為了方便碘同位素標幟,以使之能進行體內造影或細胞受體結合度試驗。但YEE或YDD進行碘標誌,必須加入氯胺T(chloramine T)、碘珠(Iodobead)、或碘化劑(Iodogen)等氧化劑,若要作為體內造影使用,有必要於反應終了進行純化步驟來去除氧化劑,因為這些氧化劑對人體體內使用是有毒性的。
有鑑於此,為解決上述問題,本發明提供一種定量肝殘存功能的檢驗方法與其新穎肝受體造影檢驗藥劑,面對國內每年740例有效等待換肝的人數,利用此檢驗法可立
即挑出急迫需換肝的病患,而對有意器官捐贈者亦可以此法立即篩選出適合捐肝的個體。如此可提升肝移植判斷的準確。
此外為避開碘標誌的缺點,我們提供一種不同於YDD、YEE,但很適合In-111、Tc-99m、Ga-68標誌之新肝標靶藥物。In-111、Tc-99m、Ga-68等放射性同位素是公認毒性極低的核種,且其放射標誌過程無須添加氯胺T(chloramine T)、碘珠(Iodobead)、或碘化劑(Iodogen)等有毒氧化劑。
本發明提供一種殘餘肝功能定量的方法,係以肝受體造影劑為藥劑,靜脈注射後以SPECT/CT影像定量分析術,定量肝受體造影劑在肝中每單位平方的放射活度,有助臨床訂定個體無法存活的肝殘存百分比。
另一方面,本發明提供一種具肝標靶特性的新穎肝受體造影劑,採用單一胺基酸的衍生物作為聚合醣基的骨架,即,係以賴胺酸基之氨三乙酸(nitrilo triacetic acid)結構做為聚合醣基之骨架,將半乳胺醣鏈或乳醣鏈鍵結,並有自由氨基可衍生接上放射性同位素。於一實施例中,係以賴胺酸(Lysine)上的α-氨基與甘醇酸(glycolic acid)進行烷基化還原反應(reductive alkylation),使N上帶2個CH2COOH,加上賴胺酸(lysine)本身的一個COOH,足以聚合3個醣鏈;而賴胺酸(lysine)本身有一個自由氨基,可進一步藉由DTPA(DTPA:二乙三胺五乙酸酯(diethylene triamine pentaacetate))或DOTA(1,4,7,10-四氮雜環十二烷-N,N’,N,N’-四乙酸,
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N’,N,N’-tetraacetic acid)的橋接,接上In-111、Tc-99m、Ga-68等放射性同位素作成新穎肝標靶核醫藥物,相較於碘標誌的缺點,毋須使用任何氧化劑,本身毒性極低。本發明在與肝受體結合力方面可採用價格便宜的乳醣而非昂貴的半乳醣,在使用上以麩氨酸(glutamic acid)或天冬胺酸(aspartic acid)將雙三鏈乳醣串在一起。由於乳醣基對肝受體的結合力比不上半乳醣,但經麩氨酸(glutamic acid)或天冬胺酸(aspartic acid)將雙三鏈乳醣串在一起後,還是可以達到和YEE、YDD一樣的肝受體結合力,提高經濟效益。本發明提供一個不同於YEE、YDD,但很適合In-111、Ga-68或Tc-99m標誌之新肝標靶藥物
有關本發明的特徵與實作,茲以最佳實施例詳細說明如下:
本發明是以Nε-苄氧羰基-Nα-二羧基甲基-L-賴胺酸(Nε-benzyloxycarbonyl-Nα-dicarboxylmethyl-L-lysine,簡稱Nε-Z-Nα-DCM-Lys)為新基本結構來串接胺己基β-N-乙醯半乳醣胺(aminohexyl β-N-Acetylgalactosamine,簡稱ah-GalNAc)、胺乙醯基-胺己基β-N-乙醯半乳醣胺(glycyl-aminohexyl β-N-Acetylgalactosamine,簡稱Gah-GalNAc)、或胺己基乳醣(aminohexyl lactose,簡稱ah-Lac),如此將形成三鏈醣胜肽,由於乳醣鏈與ASGPR的結合強度不若半乳
胺醣鏈來得強,因此若串接的是乳醣鏈,會再以天冬胺酸(aspartic acid)或麩氨酸(glutamic acid)將2分子的三鏈乳醣鏈串接在一起;例如將2分子的Nε-Z-Nα-DCM-Lys(ah-Lac)3再以胺基己醯基天冬胺酸(aminohexanoic aspartic acid,簡稱AHA-Asp)串接在一塊形成AHA-Asp[DCM-Lys(ah-Lac)3]2(以下簡稱hexa-Lactoside)。此hexa-Lactoside的自由胺基端可與DTPA酸酐在碳酸鈉溶液中反應,形成AHA-Asp[DCM-Lys(ah-Lac)3]2的DTPA衍生物In-111 DTPA-AHA-Asp[DCM-Lys(ah-Lac)3]2(簡稱In-111 DTPA-hexa lactoside),其相關結構請見圖1示。
醣鏈胜肽與鼠肝細胞結合強度是以Eu-asialo-orosomucoid(Eu-ASOR)作為參考物質,比較DCM-Lys(ah-GalNAc)3、DCM-Lys(Gah-GalNAc)3、DCM-Lys(ah-Lac)3、AHA-Asp[DCM-Lys(ah-Lac)3]2等醣鏈胜肽是否比Eu-ASOR對鼠肝細胞有更強之結合度,以IC50(50%抑制之濃度,concentration of 50% inhibition)表示結合度大小,IC50愈小表示結合度愈強。鼠肝細胞購自馬里蘭州Lonza生技公司,已事先鋪平長在24孔盤上,反應於每一孔中進行,分別加入(i)Eu-ASOR 10nM(ii)加有5mM氯化鈣的肝細胞基礎培養基,及(iii)1uM-0.8nM 5個不同濃度的醣鏈胜肽。震盪培養1小時,用含氯化鈣的肝細胞基礎培養基洗去未和肝細胞結合的物質,以時差性螢光分析術來做分析,亦即加入一增強液(15uM β-萘甲醯基三氟丙酮(β-naphthoyl trifluoroacetone),50uM三
正辛基氧化磷(tri-n-octyl-phosphine oxide),含0.1% triton X-100之0.1M乙酸(0.1% triton X-100 in 0.1M acetic acid),以酒石酸氫鉀(potassium hydrogen phthalate)滴定到pH 3.2)。該增強液會和Eu3+形成一Eu螯合物,在340nm被激發後可放出615nm的發射光來,以醣鏈胜肽的濃度對數值作為X軸,發射出來螢光值作為Y軸。其中,以沒有加醣胜肽的那點螢光值設為100%,依此可算出各醣鏈胜肽IC50值來,由數據可知AHA-Asp[DCM-Lys(ah-Lac)3]2和ASGPR的結合可達和YEE、YDD一樣之結合強度,但DCM-Lys(Gah-GalNAc)3和ASGPR的結合是YEE、YDD結合強度的10倍,請見表一。
30μ Ci In-111(6x10-13 moles,於0.1M檸檬酸,pH 2.1)與43.8ng DTPA-hexa-lactoside醣肽(1.2 x10-11 moles)反應30分鐘,In-111-DTPA-hexa-lactoside之放射化學純度是以radio-ITLC薄層色層分析術來獲得。簡述如下:將上述反應產物取樣點在ITLC-SG薄片上,放入已內置10 mM
檸檬酸緩衝液(citrate buffer,pH 4)之展開槽中展開。當液面到達展開終點時,取出薄片,置於煙櫃內烘乾,再以放射薄層掃描分析儀掃描,分析Rf(移動因子,即分析物移動的距離與移動相移動距離的比值,retention factor,which is distance traveled by the analyte divided by distance traveled by the mobile phase.)值,In-111-hexa-Lactoside會停留在原點,自由In-111與In-111 DTPA則會停留在展開相的前端,繪出並積分個別圖譜。In-111-DTPA-hexa-lactoside的快速薄層色層分析圖譜,其結果放射化學純度高達99%,放射比活度為2.5x1010貝克/毫克(Bq/mg),請見圖2所示。
以In-111 DTPA-hexa lactoside尾靜脈注入小鼠體內(20nCi/g),分別於1min,3min,5min,10min,15 min,1hr,24hr後以頸椎脫臼法犧牲小鼠,取其體內各器官,收集小鼠生物樣本,包含全血、腦、肌肉(大腿)、骨、胃、脾臟、胰臟、小腸、大腸、肺臟、心臟、腎、膽囊、肝、膀胱尿液等。將樣本秤重,隨後放置於計測管中,將各器官與標準管(standard)置於加瑪計數儀(Cobra II Auto-Gamma Counter,PACKARD,U.S.A)一起計測,計算個別器官注射百分比(Percentage of injected dose per organ,% ID)。實驗數據以平均值±標準誤(Mean±standard error of mean,mean±SEM)呈現,繪製時間活性曲線(time activity curve),並據以計算體內實際放射劑量分布,請見圖3所示,接近80%的活度聚積在肝,
除了尿液之外,在其它器官都沒有吸收,由於小鼠血流量75%集中在腎臟,因此部分放射活度分布在尿液是難免的,若不計尿液的分佈,則肝臟的分佈應為接近100%,足以證明它的肝標靶特性。
以In-111 DTPA-hexa lactoside尾靜脈注入小鼠體內(20nCi/g),分佈15分鐘後,進行全身冷凍切片(CM 3600,Leica Instrument,Germany),切片時厚度為20-30 μm,並將放射活度暴露到X光片上,將選取之切片置於IP板上,一起放入壓片匣內,於-20℃中以X光片壓片,如此器官上的放射性活度會在X光片上相對應位置呈現影像,影像強度與器官上的放射性活度強度成正比(自動放射顯影術),以BAS-1000與Fuji Film Image reader及Image Gauge軟體進行影像分析,可得全身自體放射顯影圖,請見圖4所示。其自體放射顯影圖和生物體分布數據是一致的,都是只有肝及尿液可見放射活度。
將In-111 DTPA-hexa lactoside(20nCi/g)自尾靜脈注射入小鼠體內,於注射後立即進行SPECT/CT(Gamma Medica Idea(GMI)X-SPECT),以中能量平行孔準直儀,造影15分鐘,在造影時,以isoflurane麻醉實驗動物,造影完進行SPECT/CT影像融合,其SPECT/CT造影圖,請見圖5所示。其SPECT/CT影像和生物體分佈及自體放射顯影數據一致,都是只有在肝及尿液中有放射活度,圈選肝的位置來定量其肝中的影像強度。
採用6週大的Balb/c小鼠(重約20克),以對乙醯氨基酚(acetaminophen)腹腔注射250毫克/公斤(mg/kg)及500毫克/公斤(mg/kg)的劑量,一星期內觀察死亡與否,犧牲時採血測量血清的AST,ALT,bilirubin,albumin等,並收集肝組織進行病理切片,觀察肝細胞死亡情形及估算其死亡比率。引發肝衰竭的藥物劑量以半數小鼠死亡的劑量為準。
乙醯氨基酚(acetaminophen)腹腔注射小鼠後會誘導出急性肝炎,此時將In-111 DTPA-hexa lactoside(20nCi/g)自尾靜脈注入對乙醯氨基酚(acetaminophen)誘導急性肝炎小鼠體內,進行SPECT/CT影像定量分析與斷層掃描實驗,圈選肝的位置定量其影像強度。急性肝炎組與正常組經SPECT/CT造影後肝放射活度之度量,其結果顯示經對乙醯氨基酚(acetaminophen)誘導急性肝炎後,其In-111 DTPA-hexa lactoside在肝中吸收會較正常組少,對乙醯氨基酚(acetaminophen)誘導使用的劑量愈高,肝中吸收的放射活度就愈低,且低於一定值,在一週內皆會死亡,針對小鼠而言,於肝殘存功能只剩下正常組的25%時,個體在不換肝的情形下會死亡。請見圖6所示。
採用SD大鼠,施行膽管結紥,6至8週後犧牲,收集血液測量生化檢查,並收集組織進行病理切片染色來證實肝纖維化或是肝硬化。
膽管結紮誘發SD大鼠產生肝纖維維化約需4個月,且
有腹水產生,此時我們將In-111 DTPA-hexa lactoside(20nCi/g)自尾靜脈注入膽管結紮誘發產生慢性肝炎的SD大鼠體內,進行SPECT/CT影像定量分析與斷層掃描實驗,圈選肝的位置定量其影像強度。結果發現膽管結紮誘發慢性肝炎組其In-111 DTPA-hexa lactoside在肝中吸收會較正常組少,請見圖7所示。
實驗採用4-5週大之Balb/c小鼠。在小鼠的飲用水中,加入0.03%的硫代乙醯胺(thioacetamide)。飲用兩週後,待小鼠體重穩定,提高硫代乙醯胺(thioacetamide)濃度至0.04%。每2-3天更換一次飲用水,餵食到第10週,每週秤小鼠體重並記錄。為了要有嚴重程度不相同,而組內比較均勻的實驗組,將有部份於飲用10週後立即進行實驗;有些小鼠則繼續餵食至14-16週再實驗。
硫代乙醯胺(thioacetamide)誘發小鼠產生肝纖維化約需2個月,此時將In-111 DTPA-hexa lactoside(20nCi/g)自尾靜脈注入硫代乙醯胺(thioacetamide)誘發肝纖維化的小鼠體內,進行SPECT/CT影像定量分析與斷層掃描實驗,圈選肝的位置定量其影像強度。硫代乙醯胺(thioacetamide)誘發肝纖維化組與正常組經SPECT/CT造影後肝放射活度之度量,其結果顯示硫代乙醯胺(thioacetamide)誘發肝纖維化組的小鼠肝臟對In-111 DTPA-hexa lactoside的吸收明顯遠低於正常組,請見圖8所示。
收集的肝組織製備約5-7 μm厚度的切片,進行蘇木素和伊紅染色(hematoxylin & eosin stain),於顯微鏡下觀察與照像。肝纖維組織(肝纖維化及肝硬化的診斷)以Sirius red染色,可知纖維化/硬化的嚴重程度,如圖7與圖8之collagen stain所示。臨床血液生化分析由自動化機器測量AST,ALT,bilirubin,albumin等肝臟相關之生化指標。
MTT是3-(4,5-cimethyl-thiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide會被細胞粒腺體的琥珀酸去氫酶代謝形成藍色的MTT formazan,廣泛用來測定細胞存活率。實驗方法為將0,0.001μM,0.01μM,0.1μM,1μM,10μM In-111 DTPA-hexa lactoside加入1x106細胞數目的大鼠正常細胞(Clone 9)與小鼠正常細胞(FL83B)中培養24小時(hr)、48小時(hr)後,加入MTT 4小時(hr)後,以DMSO溶解細胞,藍色MTT formazan可溶於溶液中,測定溶液於570nm的吸收。以沒有添加In-111 DTPA-hexa lactoside所得570nm的吸收為100%細胞存活率,將其它各個添加hexa-lactoside的實驗組與沒有添加In-111 DTPA-hexa lactoside的正常組做比對,可求得各個實驗組的細胞存活率來,結果請見圖9、10所示。圖9為In-111 DTPA-hexa lactoside在大鼠正常細胞(Clone 9)的細胞存活率比較圖,而圖10是In-111 DTPA-hexa lactoside在小鼠正常細胞(FL83B)的細胞存活率比較圖,其中0.001μM是我們目前所用的濃度,而兩張圖表皆佐證即使使用高於
目前104倍濃度的In-111 DTPA-hexa lactoside,細胞還是維持100%存活率,顯示使用In-111 DTPA-hexa lactoside此藥劑的安全性。
雖然已說明且描述了本發明之實施例,但是熟悉此項技術者可作各種修改及改良。並不意欲將本發明限制於如所說明之特殊形式,且所有不背離本發明之精神及範圍的修改都屬於如隨附之申請專利範圍中所界定之範圍內。
綜觀上述,本發明以其整體之組合與特徵而言,既未曾見諸於同類產品中,申請前亦未公開,誠已符合專利法之法定要件,依法提出發明專利之申請
圖1 肝標靶藥物的結構圖;圖2 In-111-DTPA-hexa-lactoside的快速薄層色層分析圖譜,其放射化學純度高達99%,比放射活度為2.5x1010貝克/毫克(Bq/mg);圖3 In-111 DTPA-hexa lactoside在生物體(小鼠)藥物動力學分布數據圖;圖4 生物體(小鼠)全身自體放射顯影圖;圖5 肝受體造影劑SPECT/CT影像定量分析與斷層掃描之SPECT/CT造影圖;圖6 急性肝炎組與正常組經SPECT/CT造影後肝放射活度之度量;圖7 膽管結紮誘發慢性肝炎組與正常組經SPECT/CT造影後肝放射活度之度量;圖8 硫代乙醯胺(thioacetamide)誘發肝纖維化組與正常組經SPECT/CT造影後肝放射活度之度量;圖9 In-111 DTPA-hexa lactoside在大鼠正常細胞(Clone 9)的細胞存活率之比較;以及圖10 In-111 DTPA-hexa lactoside在小鼠正常細胞(FL83B)的細胞存活率之比較。
Claims (11)
- 一種肝受體造影劑,其係用賴胺酸基之氨三乙酸(nitrilotriacetic acid)結構做為聚合醣基之骨架,將半乳胺醣鏈或乳醣鏈鍵結,並有自由氨基可衍生接上放射性同位素。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之肝受體造影劑,其中該肝受體造影劑製造方法是將放射性同位素In-111直接加入二乙三胺五乙酸酯-胺基己醯基天冬胺酸[二羧基甲基-L-賴胺酸(胺己基乳醣)3]2(diethylene triamine pentaacetate-aminohexanoic aspartic acid[dicarboxylmethyl-L-lysine(aminohexyl lactose)3]2,簡稱DTPA-AHA-Asp[DCM-Lys(ah-Lac)3]2),反應30分鐘。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之肝受體造影劑,其中該肝受體造影劑標幟產率與放射化學純度皆為99%以上,毋需任何氧化劑添加與純化,其放射比活度為2.5x1010貝克/毫克(Bq/mg)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之肝受體造影劑,其中該肝受體造影劑聚合醣鏈係選自銦111-二乙三胺五乙酸酯-胺基己醯基天冬胺酸[二羧基甲基-L-賴胺酸(胺己基乳醣)3]2(簡稱:In-111-DTPA-AHA-Asp[DCM-Lys(ah-Lac)3]2)、銦111-二乙三胺五乙酸酯-二羧基甲基-L-賴胺酸(胺己基β-N-乙醯半乳醣胺)3(In-111-diethylene triamine pentaacetate-dicarboxylmethyl-L-lysine(aminohexyl β-N-Acetylgalactosamine)3,簡稱:In-111-DTPA-DCM-Lys(ahGalNAc)3)及銦111-二乙三胺 五乙酸酯-二羧基甲基-L-賴胺酸(胺乙醯基-胺己基β-N-乙醯半乳醣胺)3(In-111-diethylene triamine pentaacetate-dicarboxylmethyl-L-lysine(glycyl-aminohexyl β-N-Acetylgalactosamine)3,簡稱In-111-DTPA-DCM-Lys(GahGalNAc)3)所組成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之肝受體造影劑,其中該肝受體造影劑只需20nCi/g即可得到清楚影像。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之肝受體造影劑,其中該肝受體造影劑只會在肝臟聚積。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之肝受體造影劑,其中該放射性同位素係選自In-111、Tc-99m、Ga-68、Gd及螢光劑所組成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之肝受體造影劑,是以Nε-苄氧羰基-Nα-二羧基甲基-L-賴胺酸(Nε-benzyloxycarbonyl-Nα-dicarboxylmethyl-L-lysine,簡稱Nε-Z-Nα-DCM-Lys)為基本結構來串接胺己基β-N-乙醯半乳醣胺(簡稱ah-GalNAc)、胺乙醯基-胺己基β-N-乙醯半乳醣胺(簡稱Gah-GalNAc)、或胺己基乳醣(簡稱ah-Lac),如此形成三鏈醣胜肽,再以自由氨基衍生接上放射性同位素。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之肝受體造影劑,若串接的是乳醣鏈,會再以天冬胺酸(aspartic acid)或麩氨酸(glutamic acid)將2分子的三鏈乳醣鏈串接在一起;亦即將2分子的Nε-Z-Nα-DCM-Lys(ah-Lac)3再以胺基己醯基天冬胺酸(aminohexanoic aspartic acid,簡稱AHA-Asp)串接在一塊形成胺基己醯基天冬胺酸[二羧基 甲基-L-賴胺酸(胺己基乳醣)3]2(AHA-Asp[DCM-Lys(ah-Lac)3]2,簡稱六鏈乳糖苷(hexa-Lactoside))。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之肝受體造影劑,其六鏈乳糖苷(hexa-lactoside)的自由胺基端可與DTPA酸酐在碳酸鈉溶液中反應,形成AHA-Asp[DCM-Lys(ah-Lac)3]2的DTPA衍生物。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項所述之肝受體造影劑,可用以標上In-111、Tc-99m、Ga-68、Gd或螢光劑。
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