TWI384053B - 螢光體、其製造方法及照明器具 - Google Patents
螢光體、其製造方法及照明器具 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI384053B TWI384053B TW095124023A TW95124023A TWI384053B TW I384053 B TWI384053 B TW I384053B TW 095124023 A TW095124023 A TW 095124023A TW 95124023 A TW95124023 A TW 95124023A TW I384053 B TWI384053 B TW I384053B
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- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/082—Compounds containing nitrogen and non-metals and optionally metals
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
- C04B35/597—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on silicon oxynitride, e.g. SIALONS
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/6261—Milling
- C04B35/6262—Milling of calcined, sintered clinker or ceramics
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62645—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
- C04B35/6268—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering characterised by the applied pressure or type of atmosphere, e.g. in vacuum, hydrogen or a specific oxygen pressure
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/0883—Arsenides; Nitrides; Phosphides
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/55—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing beryllium, magnesium, alkali metals or alkaline earth metals
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
- C09K11/7728—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals containing europium
- C09K11/77348—Silicon Aluminium Nitrides or Silicon Aluminium Oxynitrides
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- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
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- C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
- C01P2002/84—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70 by UV- or VIS- data
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- C01P2004/62—Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/60—Optical properties, e.g. expressed in CIELAB-values
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
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Description
本發明係關於一種將無機化合物作為主體之螢光體及其製造方法以及用途。進而詳細而言,該螢光體用於利用有該螢光體所具有之性質、即發出530 nm至585 nm之長波長螢光的特性之照明器具、圖像顯示裝置之發光器具。
螢光體用於真空螢光顯示器(VFD)、場發射顯示器(FED)、電漿顯示板(PDP)、陰極射線管(CRT)、白色發光二極體(LED)等中。即使於該等之任一用途中,為使螢光體發光,均必須將用以激發螢光體之能量供給至螢光體,而螢光體受到真空紫外線、紫外線、電子束、藍色光等具有較高能量之激發源之激發,而發出可見光線。然而,螢光體暴露於如上所述之激發源下之結果,存在於長期使用中螢光體亮度會下降之問題,故而需要亮度不會下降之螢光體。
於防災照明或者信號燈等可靠性有所要求之領域,如車載照明或行動電話之背光般小型輕量化受到期盼之領域,又,如車站之目的地嚮導圖般需要清晰度之領域等之中,一直使用有白色LED。該白色LED之發光色,即白色光係藉由光之混色而獲得者,且混合有作為發光源之波長430~480 nm之藍色LED所發出的藍色光與螢光體所發出之黃色光。適合於如此之白色LED之螢光體微量配置於作為發光源之上述藍色LED晶片之表面上。因此,對於該用途,需要有藉由藍色LED之照射而發出黃色光之螢光體。進而,考慮到減小因使用有裝置之使用環境溫度變化而導致的發光色波動之觀點,於螢光體中亦要求材料因溫度變化而產生之發光亮度的波動較小。
作為藉由藍色LED之照射而發出黃色光之材料,眾所周知有作為氧化物之石榴石((Y、Gd)3
(Al、Ga)5
O1 2
:Ce,以下記為YAG:Ce)。該螢光體以一部分Gd取代Y.Al-石榴石之Y位置,並以一部分Ga取代Al位置,同時摻雜有作為光學活性離子之Ce3 +
(非專利文獻1)。該螢光體作為高效率螢光體而眾所周知,但由於溫度上升時其發光亮度會下降,故而於使用於白色LED等情形時會產生裝置之發光色會因溫度而波動之問題。
提議有將α型賽龍作為母體結晶之螢光體,作為發光之溫度波動較小之黃色螢光體。α型賽龍係Li、Ca、Mg、Y或鑭系金屬滲入至α型Si3
N4
結晶之晶格間,而形成有填隙式固熔體之結晶。於α型Si3
N4
之結晶構造之單位晶格間具有2個直徑約0.1 nm之較大空間。於該空間內,若金屬固熔則其構造會變得穩定。因此含有金屬元素M之α型賽龍之通式以Mx
(Si1 2 - ( m + n )
Alm + n
)(On
N1 6 - n
)表示。於此,x係包含於α型Si3
N4
單位晶格中之M之原子數。又,m值係相當於取代α型Si3
N4
構造之Si-N鍵的Al-N鍵之數量者,故而存在於m=δx(其中,δ為金屬M之價數)之關係中。n值係取代Si-N鍵之Al-O鍵之數。藉由該晶格取代與金屬之填隙式固熔,中性可得到電性保持。α-賽龍以金屬-氮鍵為主,故其為氮含量較高之固熔體。
於其申請前眾所周知(非專利文獻2~4)有如下情形,若以光學上為活性之金屬離子取代固熔於α型賽龍之晶格間之穩定化金屬的一部分則可形成螢光體。又,眾所周知(專利文獻1、2),將Ca-α-賽龍作為母材,且摻雜有Eu2 +
之螢光材料若照射紫-藍之波長區域之可見光則會成為發出黃色光之材料。
可知悉該材料若照射藍色LED作為激發光則會發出作為其補色之黃色光,並可藉由混合兩者之光,而用作白色LED用之螢光體(專利文獻3)。然而,該等材料留有Eu2 +
對α型賽龍晶格之固熔量較少,故發光強度不充分之問題。進而,揭示有於摻雜有Eu2 +
之Ca-α-賽龍中,受到450至500 nm之藍色光激發而形成發出550至600 nm黃色光之螢光體之情形。然而,於發光效率最佳之組成中由於其發光波長為585至600 nm,故而將發出450至470 nm之光之藍色LED作為激發源之白色LED中,經過混合之顏色將成為色溫為3000 K左右之燈泡色,因此難以發出通常照明中所使用之色溫為5000 K至6500 K之白色、晝白色、晝光色。
關於將α型賽龍作為母體結晶之螢光體,對調整固熔金屬或固熔量進行有研究(專利文獻4)。其中,揭示有藉由組成控制而使發光峰值波長在580 nm至604 nm之範圍內變化之情形,但存在有如下問題,當控制為不足585 nm之波長時則發光強度會降低,故而於實際運用時使用較困難。即,於將Eu作為發光中心之α型賽龍中,需要發出波長更短之短波長光的黃綠色螢光體。
作為照明裝置之先前技術,眾所周知有由藍色發光二極體元件與吸收藍色之黃色發光螢光體之組合而成的白色發光二極體,且實際運用於各種照明中。作為其代表例,可列舉專利第2900928號公報「發光二極體」(專利文獻5)、專利第2927279號公報(專利文獻6)「發光二極體」、專利第3364229號公報(專利文獻7)「波長轉換澆鑄材料及其製造方法以及發光元件」等。通過該等發光二極體而尤其經常使用之螢光體為以通式(Y、Gd)3
(Al、Ga)5
O1 2
:Ce3 +
表示且以鈰活化之釔鋁石榴石(YAG:Ce)螢光體。
然而,包含藍色發光二極體元件與YAG:Ce螢光體之白色發光二極體,當溫度上升時則螢光體之發光亮度會下降,故而存有當照亮後裝置隨時間經過而變熱,則藍色光與黃色光之平衡會出現惡化導致發光色波動之問題。
考慮到如此之背景,以波長短於摻雜有Eu2 +
之Ca-α-賽龍之短波長黃綠色進行發光,且亮度之溫度變化小於YAG:Ce螢光體之螢光體受到追捧。
專利文獻1:日本專利特開2002-363554號公報專利文獻2:日本專利特開2003-336059號公報專利文獻3:日本專利特開2004-186278號公報專利文獻4:日本專利特開2004-67837號公報專利文獻5:日本專利第2900928號公報專利文獻6:日本專利第2927279號公報專利文獻7:日本專利第3364229號公報
非專利文獻1:向井、中村,"白色以及紫外LED",應用物理68,152-55(1998)。
非專利文獻2:J.W.H.van Krevel,"On new rare-earth doped M-Si-Al-O-N materials luminescence properties and oxidation resistance,"學位論文,ISBN 90-386-2711-4,Eindhoven Technische Universiteit Eindhoven,2000年。
非專利文獻3:J.W.H.van Kreveletal."Long wavelength Ca3 +
emission in Y-Si-O-N materials",J.Alloys and Compounds,268,272-277(1998))。
非專利文獻4:J.W.H.van Krevel et al."Luminescence properties of terbium-,cerium-,or europium-doped α-sialon materials,"J.Solid State Chem.165,19-24(2002)。
非專利文獻5:R.J.Xie et al."Preparation and Luminescence spectra of calcium-and rare-earth(R=Eu,Tb and Pr)?codoped α-SiAlON ceramics",J.Am.Ceram.Soc.85,1229-1234(2002)。
本發明係滿足如此之需求者,其目的之一在於提供一種化學性穩定之無機螢光體,該無機螢光體發出波長較以先前之Ca-α賽龍為代表之稀土類活化賽龍螢光體更短之短波長黃綠色之光,並具有較高亮度,且發光亮度之溫度變化較小。本發明之另一目的在於提供一種使用有該螢光體且溫度變化較小之照明器具及耐久性優良之圖像顯示裝置之發光器具。
本發明者們於該狀況下,對將α型賽龍結晶作為母體之螢光體詳細研究氧與氮之含量,發現將具有特定組成之α型賽龍結晶作為母體,且於其中活化有Mn、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Tb、Dy、Er、Tm、Yb等光學活性金屬之螢光體亮度之溫度變化較小,又,發出亮度較先前所揭示之將氮化物或氮氧化物作為母體結晶之螢光體更高之高亮度螢光。又,發現固熔有特定金屬之特定組成,發出波長更短之短波長黃綠色光。
即,對將含有作為α賽龍之穩定化元素之M元素(其中,M係選自Li、Na、Mg、Ca、Y、La、Gd、Lu中之一或兩種以上之元素),與作為發光離子之A元素(其中,A係選自Mn、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Tb、Dy、Er、Tm、Yb中之一或兩種以上之元素)之α型賽龍作為主體之無機化合物反覆專心研究之結果,發現特定組成之結晶可形成高亮度且溫度波動較小之螢光體。其中,發現活化Eu之無機化合物,可形成發出較先前所揭示之α賽龍螢光體波長更短之短波長黃綠色之光,而且發光強度亦較高之螢光體。
進而,發現可藉由使用該螢光體,而獲得具有較高發光效率且溫度波動較小之白色發光二極體或發色鮮豔之圖像顯示裝置。
本發明之螢光體係將具有組成與揭示於非專利文獻2之第11章中之CA1 . 4 7
Eu0 . 0 3
Si9
Al3
N1 6
等賽龍完全不同之結晶作為母體之新穎之螢光體。
一般而言,將於無機母體結晶中活化有Mn或稀土類元素作為發光中心元素A之螢光體,會因為A元素周圍之電子狀態,而使其發光色與亮度出現變化。例如,揭示有如下情形,以2價Eu為發光中心之螢光體,可藉由改變母體結晶,而發出藍色、綠色、黃色、紅色之光。即,即使相似之組成,若改變母體之結晶構造或者裝入有A之結晶構造中的配位環境或構成元素,則發光色或亮度將變得完全不同,因此可視為不同螢光體。於本發明中,將與先前所揭示之氮化物或氮氧化物以及賽龍組成完全不同之組成作為母體,故而將如此之組合物作為母體之螢光體先前並無揭示。而且,將本發明之組成作為母體之螢光體,亮度高於以先前之結晶為母體之螢光體,特定組成則呈現黃綠色發光。
本發明者鑒於上述實際情況而反覆專心研究之結果,成功提供一種螢光體,其藉由採取如以下(1)~(10)之構成,而於特定波長區域呈現較高亮度之發光現象。又,成功提供一種如(11)所示之製造方法。進而,亦成功提供一種照明器具、圖像顯示裝置,其藉由使用該螢光體,且採取如(12)~(20)之構成,而具有優良之特性。以下通過(1)~(20)進行具體說明。
(1)一種螢光體,其至少含有A元素(其中,A係選自Mn、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Tb、Dy、Er、Tm、Yb之一或兩種以上元素)、M元素(其中,M係選自Li、Na、Mg、Ca、Y、La、Gd、Lu之一或兩種以上元素)、Si、Al、氧以及氮,且以α型賽龍結晶作為主成分,該α型賽龍結晶以通式(Mx
、Ay
)(Si1 2 - ( m + n )
Alm + n
)(On
N1 6 - n
)………(1) m=δM
×x+δA
×y………(2)表示(其中,x表示賽龍單位晶格中M之固熔量,y表示賽龍單位晶格中A元素之固熔量,n表示賽龍單位晶格中氧之含量),且該參數x與y與n以作為下述範圍內之值之組成式表示,0.2≦x≦2.4………(3) 0.001≦y≦0.4………(4) 0.5×m<n≦4………(5)。
(2)如上述(1)之螢光體,其中上述參數n為0.6×m≦n≦2………(6)範圍之值。
(3)如上述(1)或(2)之螢光體,其中M元素為Ca,A元素為Eu,且可藉由照射激發源而發出波長530 nm至585 nm之範圍的波長中具有峰值之螢光。
(4)如上述(1)至(3)中任一項之螢光體,其中M元素為Ca,A元素為Eu,參數m與n為0.6≦m≦1.4………(7) 0.8≦n≦2………(8)之範圍之值,且可藉由照射激發源而發出波長560 nm至575 nm範圍的波長中具有峰值之螢光。
(5)如上述(1)至(4)中任一項之螢光體,其中激發源為具有100 nm以上500 nm以下之波長之紫外線或者可見光。
(6)如上述(1)至(5)中任一項之螢光體,其中當激發源受到照射時會發光之顏色以CIE色度座標上之(x、y)值,滿足以下條件0.3≦x≦0.5………(9) 0.46≦y≦0.6………(10)。
(7)如上述(1)至(6)中任一項之螢光體,其包含短軸徑0.5 μm以上,且縱橫比為3以上之形態之賽龍初始粒子。
(8)如上述(1)之螢光體,其進而包含上述α型賽龍結晶以外之其他結晶相或者非晶相,且上述α型賽龍結晶之含量為10質量%以上。
(9)如上述(8)之螢光體,其中上述α型賽龍結晶之含量為50質量%以上。
(10)如上述(8)或(9)之螢光體,其中上述其他結晶相或者非晶相為具有導電性之無機物質。
(11)一種螢光體之製造方法,其製造如上述(1)至(10)中任一項之螢光體,且包含燒成步驟,該燒成步驟於氮氣環境中在1500℃以上2200℃以下之溫度範圍內將至少包含M之氧化物(其中,M為選自Li、Na、Mg、Ca、Y、La、Gd、Lu之一或兩種以上之元素),A之氧化物(其中,A為選自Mn、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Tb、Dy、Er、Tm、Yb之一或兩種以上之元素),氮化矽,氮化鋁,以及氧化矽或氧化鋁之原料混合物進行燒成。
(12)一種照明器具,其係包含發光光源與螢光體者,其特徵在於,該螢光體至少包含如上述(1)至(10)中任一項之螢光體。
(13)如上述(12)之照明器具,其中上述發光光源包含發出330~500 nm波長之光之發光二極體(LED)、雷射二極體(LD,Laser Diode)、有機EL元件或無機EL元件。
(14)如上述(12)或(13)之照明器具,其中上述發光光源為發出330~420 nm波長之光之LED或LD,並藉由使用如上述(1)至(10)中任一項之螢光體,與藉由330~420 nm激發光而於450 nm~500 nm波長中具有發光峰值之藍色螢光體,以及藉由330~420 nm激發光而於600 nm~700 nm波長中具有發光峰值之紅色螢光體,而混合藍色光、綠光及紅色光,並發出白色光。
(15)如上述(12)或(13)之照明器具,其中上述發光光源為發出430~480 nm波長之藍色光之LED或LD,且將激發光源之藍色光與上述螢光體之黃色光混合而發出白色光。
(16)如上述(12)或(13)之照明器具,其中上述發光光源為發出430~480 nm波長之藍色光之LED或LD,並藉由使用上述螢光體,與藉由430~480 nm激發光而於580 nm~700 nm波長中具有發光峰值之橙色乃至紅色螢光體(以下稱作「第2螢光體」),而混合激發光源之藍色光、上述螢光體之黃色光與該第2螢光體之橙色乃至紅色光,並發出白色光。
(17)如上述(16)之照明器具,其中上述第2螢光體為活化有Eu之CaAlSiN3
。
(18)如上述(16)之照明器具,其中上述第2螢光體為活化有Eu之Ca-α賽龍。
(19)一種圖像顯示裝置,其至少包含上述(1)至(10)中任一項之螢光體,以及該螢光體之激發源。
(20)如上述(19)之圖像顯示裝置,其中上述激發源為電子束、電場、真空紫外線或紫外線。
(21)如上述(19)或(20)之圖像顯示裝置,其包含真空螢光顯示器(VFD),場發射顯示器(FED),電漿顯示板(PDP),陰極射線管(CRT)中任一個。
本發明之螢光體,藉由含有將具有特定氮/氧含量組成之α型賽龍結晶作為母體,且含有以固熔有A元素(Mn、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Tb、Dy、Er、Tm、Yb)之無機化合物作為主成分,而具有亮度較高,且亮度之溫度變化較小的優點。進而,添加有Eu等之特定組成,將發出較先前之橙色或黃色賽龍螢光體波長更短之短波長光,故作為黃綠色螢光體較為優良。進而提供一種有效之螢光體,其化學穩定性優良,故而即使暴露於激發源下之情形時,亮度亦不會特別降低,故可適宜使用於VFD、FED、PDP、CRT及白色LED等中。
以下,對本發明進行詳細說明。本發明之螢光體係至少含有使α賽龍變得穩定之M元素、活化元素A、Si、Al、氧以及氮之組合物,並以α型賽龍結晶為主成分。作為代表性構成元素,A可列舉選自Mn、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Tb、Dy、Er、Tm、Yb中一或兩種以上之元素,M可列舉選自Li、Na、Mg、Ca、Y、La、Gd、Lu中一或兩種以上之元素。A元素,由於發揮接受激發源能量而發出螢光之發光中心之作用,且添加元素不同而發光色不同,因此可行的是,於波長400 nm至700 nm範圍之波長之發光色中,以獲得用途所取決之所期望之顏色之方式,選定添加元素。其中,添加有Eu者,由於發出於波長530 nm至580 nm之範圍之波長中具有峰值之黃綠色之光,因此尤其適合於與藍色LED組合而構成白色LED之情形。M元素發揮固熔於賽龍晶格中,使結晶構造穩定之作用,且選自光學惰性元素。
含有A元素與M元素之α型賽龍結晶以通式(Mx
、Ay
)(Si-1 2 - ( m + n )
Alm + n
)(On
N1 6 - n
)表示。參數m係由x以及y而決定之值,並存在於m=δM
×X+δA
×y之關係中。於此,δM
為M元素之價數,例如,Li為1,Mg或Ca為2,Y或La為3。
於本發明中,式中之參數x、y取0.2≦x≦2.4 0.001≦y≦0.4 0.5×m<n≦4之範圍之值。x為固熔於賽龍之單位晶格中之M原子之數量,若x小於0.2,則α賽龍結晶將變得不穩定而成為β賽龍,因此將產生發光色之變化或亮度下降。若大於2.4,則將由於α型賽龍以外之結晶相析出,而導致發光亮度下降。y為作為固熔於賽龍之單位晶格中之活化元素之A原子數量,若y小於0.001,則將由於光學活性離子過少,而導致亮度下降,若大於0.4,則將由於A原子間之相互作用,而產生濃度淬滅,使亮度下降。
參數n係關於氧對α型Si3
N4
構造之取代型固熔量之值,且表示包含於單位晶格中之氧原子數。再者,包含於單位晶格中之氧原子與氮原子合計為16個,故而包含於單位晶格中之氮原子數為16-n個。
當M為1價之情形,並使用Li2
O作為起始原料之情形時,若將x個Li導入晶格中,則0.5×x個O將被導入。如此般,若使用氧化物作為包含M之起始原料,則0.5×δM
×x個氧將被導入。於此,δM
係M離子之價數。即,於將Si3
N4
與AlN與M之氧化物作為起始原料之α賽龍中,存在於n=0.5×δM
×x=0.5×m之關係。
於本發明中,著眼於晶格中n之量,並製成氧含量高於先前作為螢光體之母體結晶而合成之n=0.5×m之組成之組成,藉此發現可實現發光波長之低波長化與高亮度化。即,發現於使n值為0.5×m<n≦4之範圍之值之組成範圍內,可實現發光波長之低波長化與高亮度化。當n值為0.5×m以下之情形時,由於晶格中之氧量較少,故而存在有發光波長出現長波長化之傾向。而若n值大於4,則α-賽龍以外之結晶相之比例將增多,故而發光強度有可能降低。
可認為藉由增加賽龍晶格中之氧量而實現短波長化與亮度提高之理由如下所述。於活化有Eu之賽龍螢光體中,吸收有激發光之Eu2 +
離子自5d軌道遷移至4f軌道時會發出螢光。因此,發光之顏色由Eu2 +
離子之能階決定。若使賽龍中之氧量增加,則包圍Eu2 +
離子之氧與氮之比例將會產生變化,導致共價性降低,藉此遷移間之能量差增大,成為短波長。又,本發明者認為發光強度提高之理由在於,因氧量增大,而於高溫合成時將生成大量液相,使反應性提高,藉此生成結晶性優良之較大粒子。
於本發明中,包含短軸徑0.5 μm以上,且縱橫比為3以上之形態之賽龍初始粒子者發光強度尤其高。若該初始粒子為單晶,則進而發光強度變高。於此,縱橫比係指扁平率,且以長軸對短軸之長度進行定義。如此之形態可藉由於n較大,即液相生成量較多之狀態下,於高溫下進行長時間反應而實現。反應時間較好的是24小時以上。
上述n值中,發光強度尤其高之組成為0.6×m≦n≦2之範圍之值。
使作為起始原料之Al源之一部分AlN為Al2
O3
,使作為Si源之一部分Si3
N4
為SiO2
,藉此可增大n值。
於包含Ca之α-賽龍中使Eu活化之螢光體之發光強度較高,因此M中包含Ca,A中包含Eu者可成為高亮度螢光體。其中M為Ca,且A為Eu者,發出於530 nm至585 nm之範圍之波長中具有峰值之螢光,因此更好的是用於LED用途。
其中,尤其好的是,M元素為Ca,A元素為Eu,且參數m與n為0.6≦m≦1.4 0.8≦n≦2之範圍之值之螢光體,藉由照射激發源而發出於波長為560 nm至575 nm之範圍之波長中具有峰值之螢光,故而適於將藍色LED作為激發源之白色LED用途。
作為激發源,可列舉具有100 nm以上500 nm以下波長之光(真空紫外線、紫外線或可見光),或電子束、X射線、中子等放射線。進而,亦可用於電場激發(無機EL元件)。
將本發明之螢光體用作粉體之情形時,考慮到對樹脂之分散性或粉體之流動性等方面,較好的是,平均粒徑為0.1 μm以上50 μm以下。其中,5 μm以上10 μm以下之粒徑操作性優良。又,藉由使粉體為5 μm以上10 μm以下之範圍粒徑之單晶粒子,而可使發光亮度更加提高。
為獲得發光亮度較高之螢光體,而較好的是,包含於α型賽龍結晶之雜質極少。尤其,若較多含有Fe、Co、Ni雜質元素,則發光會受到阻礙,因此可行的是以使該等元素合計達到500 ppm以下之方式,選定原料粉末以及控制合成步驟。
於本發明中,考慮到螢光發光方面,較為理想的是,以高純度極多含有α型賽龍結晶,以及其盡可能包含單相,但亦可於特性不降低之範圍內,包含與其他之結晶相或者非晶相之混合物。於該情形時,由於α型賽龍結晶之含量為10質量%以上便可獲得較高亮度,故而較為理想。尤其好的是,50質量%以上則亮度顯著提高。本發明中作為主組成之範圍,α型賽龍結晶之含量為至少10質量%以上。α型賽龍結晶之含量可藉由進行X射線繞射,並通過瑞維德法之多相解析而求得。簡單而言,可利用X射線繞射結果,根據α型賽龍結晶與其他結晶之最強線之高度比求得含量。
當使用於藉由電子束激發本發明螢光體之用途之情形時,可藉由混合具有導電性之無機物質,而使螢光體賦有導電性。作為具有導電性之無機物質,可列舉包含選自Zn、Al、Ga、In、Sn之一或兩種以上之元素之氧化物、氮氧化物或氮化物,或該等之混合物。
本發明之螢光體發色為波長530 nm至585 nm之範圍之特定顏色,但當必須與其他顏色混合之情形時,則可根據需要混合發色為該等顏色之無機螢光體。
以上述方式而獲得之本發明之螢光體具有如下特徵:與通常之氧化物螢光體或現有之賽龍螢光體相比,可具有自電子束或X射線、以及紫外線直至可見光為止之廣泛激發範圍,發出波長530 nm至585 nm範圍之光,以及尤其特定之組成中可呈現波長530 nm至580 nm範圍之黃綠色,且以CIE色度座標上之(x、y)之值,發出0.3≦x≦0.5 0.46≦y≦0.6之範圍之黃綠色之光。由於具有以上發光特性,故而較好適用於照明器具、圖像顯示裝置。此外,溫度變化所引起之發光亮度之波動較小,氧化氣體環境以及水分環境下之長期穩定性亦較為優良。
本發明之螢光體未規定製造方法,但可以下述方法製造亮度較高的螢光體。
將至少包含M之氧化物(其中,M係選自Li、Na、Mg、Ca、Y、La、Gd、Lu之一或兩種以上元素),A之氧化物(其中,A係選自Mn、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Tb、Dy、Er、Tm、Yb之一或兩種以上元素),氮化矽,氮化鋁,以及氧化矽或者氧化鋁之原料混合物,在氮氣體環境中於1500℃以上2200℃以下之溫度範圍內進行燒成,藉此可獲得高亮度螢光體。
當合成含有Ca、Eu、Si、Al、O、N之螢光體之情形時,可將氮化矽、氮化鋁、氧化鋁或氧化矽,製成藉由燒成而成為氧化鈣之化合物(添加量以CaO換算),與氧化銪或者藉由燒成而成為氧化銪之化合物(添加量以EuO換算)之混合物作為起始原料。
當燒成使用氮氣環境為0.1 MPa以上100 MPa以下之壓力範圍之氣體環境時,則易於生成穩定之α型賽龍,故可容易獲得高亮度之螢光體。當氣體壓力低於0.1 MPa時,則於燒成溫度較高條件下原料之氮化矽將變得易於分解。當氣體壓力高於100 MPa時,則成本將會變高,對工業生產較為不利。
上述金屬化合物之混合粉末,可行的是以保持為鬆密度40%以下之填充率之狀態進行燒成。所謂鬆密度係指粉末之體積填充率,其係填充於固定容器時粉末質量與容器容積之比除以金屬化合物之理論密度之值。作為容器,由於氮化硼燒結體與金屬化合物之反應性較低,因此較為適宜。
將鬆密度保持為40%以下之狀態進行燒成,其原因在於易於合成表面缺陷較少之結晶。即,本發明者認為,若於原料粉末周圍具有自由空間之狀態進行燒成,則藉由反應生成物進行結晶成長時,結晶彼此之接觸將會變少,故而可合成表面缺陷較少之結晶。
其次,於含有氮之惰性氣體環境中於1200℃以上2200℃以下之溫度範圍內燒成所獲得之金屬化合物之混合物,藉此合成螢光體。用於燒成之爐,由於燒成溫度為高溫且燒成氣體環境為含有氮之惰性氣體環境,故較好的是,金屬電阻加熱方式或者石墨電阻加熱方式,且使用有碳作為爐之高溫部材料之電爐。燒成方法較好的是,常壓燒結法或氣壓燒結法等並不自外部施加機械性加壓之燒結方法,因其以保持較高鬆密度之方式進行燒成。
當經燒成而獲得之粉體凝集體強固黏著之情形時,可藉由例如球磨機,噴射粉碎機等通常用於工業上之粉碎機進行粉碎。粉碎可實施至平均粒徑達到50 μm以下為止。尤其好的是平均粒徑為0.1 μm以上5 μm以下。若平均粒徑超過50 μm,則粉體之流動性與向樹脂之分散性容易變差,導致與發光元件組合形成發光裝置時,根據部位發光強度容易變得不均勻。若其為0.1 μm以下,則螢光體粉體表面之缺陷量會變多,故而可能會因螢光體之組成而使發光強度降低。
若以1000℃以上燒成溫度以下之溫度對燒成後之螢光體粉末、或粉碎處理後之螢光體粉末、或粒度調整後之螢光體粉末進行熱處理,則於粉碎時等導入至表面之缺陷會減少,使亮度提高。
燒成後以含有水或者酸之水溶液之溶劑清洗生成物,藉此可降低包含於生成物中之玻璃相、第二相或雜質相之含量,使亮度提高。於該情形時,酸可選自硫酸、鹽酸、硝酸、氫氟酸、有機酸之單體或混合物,其中若使用氫氟酸與硫酸之混合物,則雜質之去除效果較大。
如以上說明般,本發明之螢光體由於表現出亮度高於先前之賽龍螢光體,且暴露於激發源下時螢光體亮度降低較少,因此適於VFD、FED、PDP、CRT、白色LED等,其中較好適於組合有藍色LED之白色LED用途。
本發明之照明器具構成為至少使用有發光光源與本發明之螢光體。作為照明器存在有LED照明器具、EL照明器具、螢光燈泡等。於LED照明器具中,可使用本發明之螢光體,並藉由如同揭示於日本專利特開平5-152609號公報、日本專利特開平7-99345號公報、日本專利第2927279號公報等眾所周知之方法進行製造。於該情形時,發光光源較為理想的是發出330~500 nm波長之光者,其中較好的是330~420 nm之紫外(或者紫)LED發光元件或420~480 nm之藍色LED發光元件。
作為該等LED發光元件,包含有GaN或InGaN等氮化物半導體,並可藉由調整組成,而成為可發出特定波長之光之發光光源。
照明器具中,除單獨使用本發明之螢光體之方法以外,可藉由與具有其他發光特性之螢光體併用,而構成可發出所期望顏色之照明器具。作為其一例,存在有如下照明器具,其藉由使用330~420 nm之紫外LED發光元件,由該波長激發而發光為450 nm以上500 nm以下之波長之藍色螢光體,本發明之黃綠色螢光體,以及由330~420 nm之激發光而發光600 nm~700 nm之紅色螢光體,而混合藍色光、綠光及紅色光,以發出白色光。作為如此之藍色螢光體可列舉BaMgAl1 0
O1 7
:Eu,作為紅色螢光體可列舉活化有Eu之CaAlSiN3
。
作為其他方法,存在有發出430~480 nm波長之藍色光之LED發光元件與本發明之螢光體之組合。於該構成中存在有如下照明器具,若將LED所發出之藍色光照射至螢光體,則其可發出黃色之光,並可將該黃色之光與LED本身之藍色光混合,發出白色光。
作為其他方法,存在有如下照明器具,其藉由使用發出430~480 nm波長之藍色光之LED發光元件與本發明之螢光體,以及藉由430~480 nm之激發光而於580 nm~700 nm之波長中具有發光峰值之橙色乃至紅色螢光體,而混合激發光源之藍色光、螢光體之黃色光、以及螢光體之橙色乃至紅色光,以發出白色光。作為紅色螢光體可列舉活化有Eu之CaAlSiN3
,作為橙色螢光體可列舉活化有Eu之Ca-α賽龍。
本發明之圖像顯示裝置至少以激發源與本發明之螢光體構成,且具有螢光顯示屏(VFD)、場發射顯示器(FED或SED)、電漿顯示板(PDP)及陰極射線管(CRT)等。可確認本發明之螢光體,可藉由100~190 nm之真空紫外線、190~380 nm之紫外線、電子束等之激發而發光,且可藉由組合該等激發源與本發明之螢光體,而構成如上所述之圖像顯示裝置。
其次,藉由以下所示之實施例進而詳細說明本發明,但該說明始終係用以幫助理解本發明而揭示者,本發明並不限定於該等實施例。
於含有Ca與Eu之α型賽龍中,對設計參數x、y、m、n值,以及Cax
Euy
Sia
Alb
Oc
Nd
材料組成中之作為x、y、a、b、c、d值(表1-1、表1-2、表2-1、表2-2)之組成加以研究。表1-1、表1-2、表2-1、表2-2分別表示實施例1~70之設計組成之參數。圖1表示組成之m值與n值。依據該等設計,以表4-1與表4-2之組成混合可獲得表3-1與表3-2之設計組成之碳酸鈣粉末、氧化銪粉末、氮化矽粉末、氮化鋁粉末以及氧化鋁粉末。於此,表4-1與表4-2表示實施例1~70之混合組成。用於混合之原料粉末係碳酸鈣(CaCO3
;高純度科學研究所製造)粉末、氧化銪(Eu2
O3
;純度99.9%,信越化學工業(股份)製造)、比表面積11.2 m2
/g之粒度且氧含量1.29重量%、α型含量95%之氮化矽粉末(宇部興產(股份)製造之SN-E10等級)、比表面積3.3 m2
/g之粒度且氧含量0.85重量%之氮化鋁粉末((股份)德山製造之F等級)以及比表面積13.6 m2
/g之粒度之氧化鋁粉末(大明化學工業(股份)製造之高純度氧化鋁等級)。以達到表4-1、4-2之混合組成之方式秤量該等粉末,並於大氣中使用瑪瑙研杵與研砵混合10分鐘後,使所得到之混合物,通過500 μm之篩自然落下至氮化硼製造之坩堝,將粉末填充至坩堝中。粉體之鬆密度為約25%~30%。
將加入有混合粉末之坩堝設置於石墨電阻加熱方式之電爐中。燒成操作如下:首先,通過擴散泵使燒成氣體環境為真空,以每小時500℃之速度由室溫將其加熱至800℃為止,並於800℃時導入純度為99.999體積%之氮,使壓力為0.5 MPa,再以每小時500℃升溫至1700℃為止,以該溫度保持2小時。
其次,使用瑪瑙研砵粉碎經過合成之化合物,進行使用有Cu之Kα
線之粉末X射線繞射測定。其結果,未檢測出未反應之Si3
N4
、AlN、Al2
O3
、CaCO3
、CaO、EuO、Eu2
O3
,可確認所有實施例中含有α型賽龍60%以上。
燒成後,將該所獲得之燒成體進行粗粉碎之後,使用氮化矽燒結體製之坩堝與研砵用手進行粉碎,且通過30 μm孔之篩。測定粒度分佈,平均粒徑為7~12 μm。
再者,於本說明書中,所謂平均粒徑,定義如下。粒子徑通過沈澱法進行測定時定義為沈澱速度相等之球體直徑,而於雷射散射法中定義為散射特性相同之球體直徑。又,將粒子徑之分佈稱作粒度(粒徑)分佈。於粒徑分佈中定義為,將大於某一粒子徑之質量總和占整個粉體50%時之粒子徑作為平均粒徑D50。該定義以及用語所有業者當眾所周知,例如,揭示於JISZ8901「試驗用粉體以及試驗用粒子」,或者粉體工學會編「粉體之基礎物性」(ISBN4-526-05544-1)之第1章等諸文獻中。於本發明中,使試料分散於添加有六偏磷酸鈉之水中作為分散劑,且使用雷射散射式測定裝置,測定對於粒子徑之體積換算之綜合頻率分佈。再者,體積換算與重量換算之分佈相等。求得相當於該綜合(累積)頻率分佈中50%之粒子徑,作為平均粒徑D50。以下,於本說明書中,希望對如下情形有所留意,平均粒徑以藉由上述雷射散射法之粒度分佈測定方法而測定之粒度分佈之中央價(D50)為依據。希望可作如下理解,對於求得平均粒徑之方法,除上述以外亦開發有多種多樣之方法,目前亦持續現狀,且測定值亦有可能產生若干不同,但平均粒徑其自身之意思,意義明確,且未必限定於上述方法。
藉由發出波長365 nm之光之燈泡照射該等粉末之結果,可確認發光為自黃綠色至黃色。表5-1、5-2、圖2、圖3表示使用螢光分光光度計測定該粉末之發光光譜以及激發光譜之結果。表5-1、5-2表示實施例1~70之激發以及發光光譜之峰值波長與峰值強度。於所有例中,藉由300 nm~450 nm波長之紫外線、紫光、藍色光高效激發,可獲得發出於波長為530 nm至585 nm範圍之波長中具有峰值之黃綠色螢光之螢光體。再者計數值會因測定裝置或條件而變化,故而單位為任意單位。即,只能於以相同條件進行測定之本實施例以及比較例內進行比較。
以與實施例相同步驟製備組成與實施例29(m=1、n=1.8)相同之原料粉末混合物,以每小時500℃之速度由室溫加熱至800℃為止,並於800℃下導入純度為99.999體積%之氮,使壓力為0.5 MPa,以每小時500℃升溫至1700℃為止,於1700℃下保持24小時進行合成。其次,使用瑪瑙研砵粉碎經過合成之化合物,進行使用有Cu之Kα
線之粉末X射線繞射測定,確認α型賽龍之生成。
以掃描型電子顯微鏡(SEM)觀察經過合成之螢光體粉末形態。如圖4所示,可確認其為包含長度3 μm左右之結晶面得到發展之單晶粒子之初始粒子。實際螢光體可獲得該初始粒子作為凝集之形態。為進行比較,而於圖5中表示以與實施例71相同之條件燒成m=1、n=0.5組成之賽龍((Ca0 . 4 6 2 5
Eu0 . 0 3 7 5
)Si1 0 . 5
Al1 . 5
O0 . 5
N1 5 . 5
)組成之試料(比較例1)之SEM照片。可確認由於n值較小,故而於燒成中所生成之液相量較小,且由於粒子生長不充分故而粒子較小。該螢光體之發光光譜之最大強度為5100計數值。即,即使於m值較小之組成中,可藉由增大n值,而使液相生成量變多,結晶生長得到促進,其結果,螢光體之發光強度得到提高。
以發出波長365 nm之光之燈泡對經過粉碎之粉末進行照射之結果,確認到黃綠色之發光。圖6表示使用螢光分光光度計測定該粉末之發光光譜以及激發光譜之結果。可知激發光譜之峰值波長為445 nm。可獲得通過該等激發,而發出於574 nm範圍之波長中具有峰值之黃綠色螢光之螢光體。該螢光體之特徵為:可以250 nm至500 nm之寬頻激發光進行激發,其中405 nm之紫LED波長或450 nm之藍色LED波長中之激發強度較高。螢光色度為x=0.47、y=0.52,且為黃綠色。
與實施例相同,使用原料粉末,並以使以m=3、n=0之參數進行表示,可合成活化有Eu之Ca-α-賽龍(Ca1 . 3 8 7 5
、Eu0 . 1 1 2 5
)(Si9
Al3
)(O0
N1 5
)之Ca3
N2
粉末(陶瓷製純度99%),於氨氣流中以600℃氮化金屬Eu而合成之EuN粉末(實驗室合成品),與實施例相同之Si3
N4
粉末,與實施例相同之AlN粉末達到Ca3
N2
:EuN:Si3
N4
:AlN=7.03:1.71:45.63:45.63(莫爾%)Ca3
N2
:EuN:Si3
N4
:AlN=10.87:2.96:66.69:19.49(質量%)之混合組成,於氧以及水分為1 ppm以下之手套箱中混合原料,以與實施例相同之步驟合成螢光體。根據X射線繞射,合成物中檢測出α型賽龍,而其以外之結晶相並未檢測出。使用螢光分光光度計對該粉末進行測定,圖7表示激發光譜與發光光譜。螢光體之發光波長為604 nm,發光強度為6209。比較例之組成屬於本發明之組成範圍外,且組成不適宜,故而所獲得之螢光體之發光波長為長於本發明之長波長。螢光色度為x=0.55、y=0.45,且為橙色。
其次,就使用有包含本發明氮化物之螢光體之照明器具加以說明。
製作有圖8所示之所謂炮彈型白色發光二極體燈泡(1)。存在有2根導線(2、3),於其中1根(2)具有凹部,並載置有藍色發光二極體元件(4)。藍色發光二極體元件(4)之下部電極與凹部底面藉由導電膏而電性連接,上部電極與另1根導線(3)藉由金細線(5)而電性連接。螢光體係藉由實施例71所製作者。將螢光體(7)分散於樹脂中,並安裝於發光二極體元件(4)附近。分散有該螢光體之第一樹脂(6)為透明且包覆藍色發光二極體元件(4)之整體。包含凹部之導線前端部、藍色發光二極體元件、分散有螢光體之第一樹脂藉由透明之第二樹脂(8)而予以密封。透明之第二樹脂(8)整體為大致圓柱形,其前端部為透鏡形狀之曲面,並通稱為炮彈型。
於本實施例中,以37重量%之濃度將實施例71之螢光體粉末摻至環氧樹脂中,並使用分滴器適量滴下,形成分散有螢光體(7)之第一樹脂(6)。所獲得之色度為x=0.34、y=0.34,且為白色。
製作有基板安裝用晶片型白色發光二極體燈泡(21)。圖9表示結構圖。於可見光線反射率較高之白色氧化鋁陶瓷基板(29)上固定有2根導線(22、23),彼等導線之一端位於基板大致中央部,另一端分別露出至外部,且於安裝至電基板時成為焊接之電極。導線中1根(22)於其一端上,以位於基板中央部之方式載置固定有藍色發光二極體元件(24)。藍色發光二極體元件(24)下部電極與下方之導線藉由導電膏而電性連接,上部電極與另1根導線(23)藉由金細線(25)而電性連接。
將混合有第一樹脂(26)與螢光體(27)者安裝於發光二極體元件附近。分散有該螢光體之第一樹脂為透明且包覆藍色發光二極體元件(24)之整體。又,於陶瓷基板上固定有形狀為中央部開孔之壁面部件(30)。壁面部件(30),其中央部成為用以容納分散有藍色發光二極體元件(24)以及螢光體(27)之第一樹脂(26)之孔,且面對中央之部分成為斜面。該斜面係用以於前方截取光之反射面,該斜面之曲面形係考慮光之反射方向而決定。又,至少構成反射面之面為白色或者具有金屬光澤之可見光線反射率較高之面。於本實施例中,藉由白色矽氧樹脂(30)而構成該壁面部件。壁面部件之中央部之孔形成凹部,作為晶片型發光二極體燈泡之最終形狀,但於此以密封分散有藍色發光二極體元件(24)以及螢光體(27)之所有第一樹脂(26)之方式填充透明之第二樹脂(28)。於本實施例中,於第一樹脂(26)與第二樹脂(28)中使用有相同之環氧樹脂。螢光體之添加比例、所實現之色度等與第一實施例大致相同。
其次,就使用有本發明之螢光體之圖像顯示裝置之設計例加以說明。
圖10係作為圖像顯示裝置之電漿顯示板之原理性概略圖。將紅色螢光體(CaAlSiN3
:Eu2 +
)(31)與本發明實施例71之綠色螢光體(32)以及藍色螢光體(BaMgAl1 0
O1 7
:Eu)(33)塗佈於各個電路胞(34、35、36)之內面。電路胞(34、35、36)位於賦有介電層(41)與電極(37、38、39)之玻璃基板(44)上。若對電極(37、38、39、40)通電,則於電路胞中藉由Xe放電而產生真空紫外線,藉此螢光體受到激發,發出紅、綠、藍之可見光,且該光可經由保護層(43)、介電層(42)、玻璃基板(45)由外側觀察到,起到圖像顯示之功能。
本發明之氮化物螢光體以短於先前之賽龍或氮氧化物螢光體之波長發光,故可作為優良之黃綠色螢光體,進而即使暴露於激發源下時螢光體亮度之降低亦為較少,因此可適宜使用於VFD、FED、PDP、CRT及白色LED等中。今後,於各種顯示裝置中之材料設計時,可得到廣泛運用,且可期待對產業發展作出貢獻。
1...炮彈型發光二極體燈泡
2、3...導線
4...發光二極體元件
5...接線
6、8...樹脂
7...螢光體
21...基板安裝用晶片型白色發光二極體燈泡
22、23...導線
24...發光二極體元件
25...接線
26、28...樹脂
27...螢光體
29...氧化鋁陶瓷基板
30...壁面部件
31...紅色螢光體
32...綠色螢光體
33...藍色螢光體
34、35、36...紫外線發光電路胞
37、38、39、40...電極
41、42...介電層
43...保護層
44、45...玻璃基板
圖1係表示實施例之m值與n值之圖。
圖2係表示螢光體(實施例)之發光強度之圖。
圖3係表示螢光體(實施例)之發光波長之圖。
圖4係表示螢光體(實施例71)之粒子形態之圖。
圖5係表示螢光體(比較例1)之粒子形態之圖。
圖6係表示螢光體(實施例29)之發光以及激發光譜之圖。
圖7係表示螢光體(比較例2)之發光以及激發光譜之圖。
圖8係本發明之照明器具(炮彈型LED照明器具)之概略圖。
圖9係本發明之照明器具(基板安裝型LED照明器具)之概略圖。
圖10係本發明之圖像顯示裝置(電漿顯示板)之概略圖。
Claims (20)
- 一種螢光體,其至少含有A元素(其中,A係Eu)、M元素(其中,M係Ca)、Si、Al、氧、以及氮,且以下述組成式之α型賽龍(Sialon)結晶作為主成分,藉由照射激發源而發出於波長560 nm至575 nm之範圍的波長中具有峰值之螢光:(Mx 、Ay )(Si12-(m+n) Alm+n )(On N16-n )………(1) m=δM ×x+δA ×y………(2)(其中,x表示賽龍單位晶格中M之固熔量,y表示賽龍單位晶格中A元素之固熔量,n表示賽龍單位晶格中氧之含量),於該α型賽龍結晶之通式中之參數x、y、m與n為下述範圍內之值:0.2≦x≦2.4………(3) 0.001≦y≦0.4………(4) 0.5×m<n≦4………(5) 0.6≦m≦1.4………(7) 0.8≦n≦2………(8)。
- 如請求項1之螢光體,其中激發源為具有100 nm以上500 nm以下波長之紫外線或可見光。
- 如請求項1之螢光體,其中當激發源受到照射時所發出光之顏色以CIE色度座標上之(x、y)值表示,係滿足以下條件:0.3≦x≦0.5………(9) 0.46≦y≦0.6………(10)。
- 如請求項1之螢光體,其包含短軸徑0.5 μm以上、且縱橫比為3以上之形態之賽龍初始粒子。
- 如請求項1之螢光體,其進而包含上述α型賽龍結晶以外之其他結晶相或者非晶相,且上述α型賽龍結晶之含量為10質量%以上。
- 如請求項5之螢光體,其中上述α型賽龍結晶之含量為50質量%以上。
- 如請求項5之螢光體,其中上述其他結晶相或者非晶相為具有導電性之無機物質。
- 一種照明器具,其係包含發光光源與螢光體者,其中該螢光體至少包含如請求項1之螢光體。
- 如請求項8之照明器具,其中上述發光光源包含發出330~500 nm波長之光之發光二極體(LED)、雷射二極體(LD)、有機EL元件或無機EL元件。
- 如請求項8之照明器具,其中上述發光光源為發出330~420 nm波長之光之LED或LD,且上述螢光體係藉由進而使用藉由330~420 nm激發光而於450 nm~500 nm波長中具有發光峰值之藍色螢光體、及藉由330~420 nm激發光而於600 nm~700 nm波長中具有發光峰值之紅色螢光體,以混合藍色光、上述螢光體所發出之色光及紅色光,而發出白色光。
- 如請求項8之照明器具,其中上述發光光源為發出430~480 nm波長之藍色光之LED或LD,且將發光光源之藍色光與上述螢光體所發出之色光加以混合而發出白色 光。
- 如請求項8之照明器具,其中上述發光光源為發出430~480 nm波長之藍色光之LED或LD,藉由進而使用藉由430~480 nm激發光而於580 nm~700 nm波長中具有發光峰值之橙色乃至紅色螢光體(以下稱作「第2螢光體」),以混合發光光源之藍色光、上述螢光體所發出之色光及該第2螢光體之橙色乃至紅色光,而發出白色光。
- 如請求項12之照明器具,其中上述第2螢光體為活化有Eu之CaAlSiN3 。
- 如請求項12之照明器具,其中上述第2螢光體為活化有Eu之Ca-α賽龍。
- 一種圖像顯示裝置,其至少包含如請求項1之螢光體,及該螢光體之激發源。
- 如請求項15之圖像顯示裝置,其中上述激發源為電子束、電場、真空紫外線或紫外線。
- 如請求項15之圖像顯示裝置,其係真空螢光顯示器(VFD)、場發射顯示器(FED)、電漿顯示板(PDP)、或陰極射線管(CRT)中之任一個。
- 一種螢光體之製造方法,該螢光體係發出於波長560 nm至575 nm之範圍的波長中具有峰值之螢光,其至少含有A元素(其中,A係Eu)、M元素(其中,M係Ca)、Si、Al、氧、以及氮,且以下述組成式中參數x與y為下述範圍內之值之α型賽龍(Sialon)結晶作為主成分(其中,x表示賽龍 單位晶格中Ca之固熔量,y表示賽龍單位晶格中Eu元素之固熔量,n表示賽龍單位晶格中氧之含量):(Mx 、Ay )(Si12-(m+n) Alm+n )(On N16-n )………(1) m=δM ×x+δA ×y………(2) 0.2≦x≦2.4………(3) 0.001≦y≦0.4………(4),該製造方法包含燒成步驟,該燒成步驟係將包含氧化鈣或藉由燒成形成氧化鈣之化合物、氧化銪或藉由燒成形成氧化銪之化合物、氮化矽、氮化鋁以及氧化矽或氧化鋁之原料混合物進行燒成,參數m與n為下述範圍內之值:0.5×m<n≦4………(5) 0.6≦m≦1.4………(7) 0.8≦n≦2………(8)。
- 如請求項18之螢光體之製造方法,其中上述參數m與n為下述範圍內之值:0.6×m≦n≦2………(6)。
- 如請求項18之螢光體之製造方法,其中燒成步驟係將上述原料混合物於氮氣環境中、在1500℃以上2200℃以下之溫度範圍內進行燒成。
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