SU1397471A1 - Method of processing crude oil - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the refining, in particular the production of fuel oil, tar, gasoline-kerosene fraction, light and heavy diesel fuel, vacuum distillate fraction, which can be used in various areas of national economy. The goal is to increase the selection of target distillation fractions. To do this, use oil that is processed in an atmospheric column (AA), which provides for circulation cooled irrigation. Oil distillation fractions are removed from the top and intermediate section of the column. In this case, the upper fraction is condensed and part of the liquid phase is returned to irrigation, and the intermediate fractions are sent to the stripping sections to separate the light fractions (heated streams are fed to the bottom of the stripping sections). Fuel oil is removed from the bottom of AK to which the distillate fractions of AK are added. The oil is then distilled in a vacuum column (VC), to the bottom of which also heated distillate AK fractions are supplied. Between the AK and VK installed barometric capacitor (BC), ng. the top of which, and into the intermediate section, serves cooled circulating products of AK and VC irrigation. From the bottom of the BC after heating, the products are returned to the AK. For better efficiency, AK irrigation is advisable to feed into the intermediate section of the BC, since supplying a heavier in composition circulating irrigation VC to the top of the column will contribute to better vapor absorption on the upper plates of the BC and allow working with a deeper vacuum on the top of the BC, and hence in the VK. In the latter, from the top, vapor and vapor decomposition gases of the fuel oil to condensation and absorption in the BC, tar from the bottom, and from the intermediate section - circulation irrigation, which is returned back to the VK after cooling. This method improves the selection of distillate fractions and their quality. The selection of diesel fuel increases from 9T, 9 to 92.4 t / h and a vacuum distillate fraction from 155 to 158.8 t / h. 2 hp f-ly, 1 ill., 3 tab. SLE OD 4

Description

The invention relates to a method for refining petroleum and can be used in the oil refining industry.

The aim of the invention is to increase the selection of the target distillate fraction.

The drawing is a schematic diagram of the method.

The feedstock is heated in a furnace 1 and introduced into the atmospheric distillation column 2 via line 3. From 4 sections of the cross section of column 2 through line 4 1 | output circulating irrigation, cooled in heat exchanger 5 and through line 6 fed back to the column. The remaining ifoK columns 2 — the fuel oil is heated in pegs) and 7, and in line 8 they are introduced into the vacuum rylonnu 9, from the bottom of which the residue (tar) is introduced from the intermediate section of the column 9 to lines 11 1 output circulating irrigation, (Cooled in heat exchanger 12 and line 13 is fed back to the column. Balls from the top of the column through line 14 are introduced to the bottom of the barometric condensator 15, in which the actual devices 16 are installed. - a cross section and to the top of the barometric condenser, respectively, along lines 17 and 18 are served cooled in cold winders 19 and 20 circulating frosses of the atmospheric and vacuum coils, which after absorption of vapors from the bottom of the barometric condenser through line 21 and after heating i the heat exchanger 22 are returned to at- 1) the spherical column 2. From the top of the atmospheric column 2 , from the intermediate atmospheric 2 and vacuum 9 columns, the oil distillate fractions are obtained along lines 23-28. The distillation distillate fractions of the atmospheric column 2 are fed to the stripping | for otkarki light fractions, respectively, along the lines 32-34 serves heated sweat oki The upper distillate fraction of the at-Mosfere column 2 is condensed in the Condenser 35 and fed to the tank 36. The liquid phase from the tank 36 through line 37 is fed to the column 2 reflux. To the bottom of the column 2 via line 38 the heated

the stream, to the bottom and the raw material column, 9, respectively, through lines 39 and 40, are fed to the distillation fractions of column 2 heated in heaters 41 and 7.

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5 0 5 0 j 0

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With a sufficiently large number of plates in the used barometric condenser, the circulating irrigation of the atmospheric column is more efficiently supplied to the intermediate section of this apparatus, since the supply to the top of the column of a heavier fractional composition of the circulating irrigation of the vacuum column contributes to better vapor absorption on the upper plates barometric condenser and allow you to work with a deeper vacuum-on top of the barometric condenser, and hence the vacuum column.

With a small number of plates, it is more efficient to supply the circulation irrigation of atmospheric and vacuum columns to the top of the apparatus. In the case of a large amount of vapors entering the bottom of the barometric condenser, the product of its bottom must be heated before feeding it into the vacuum column.

Atmospheric and vacuum columns for the distillation of oil and fuel oil are calculated. The calculation of the columns was carried out using theoretical plates. A gasoline kerosene fraction is obtained from the top of the atmospheric column. From the third plate of the column, the upper circulating irrigation is removed, cooled to 80 ° C and returned to the second plate of the column, diesel fuel is withdrawn from the seventh plate of the column through the stripping section. The lower circulating irrigation of the column is removed from the ninth plate, cooled to and returned to the eighth plate of the column. The distillate from the stripping section is returned to the sixth column tower. In the stripping and distant sections of the atmospheric column, two theoretical plates are taken. Raw materials in the amount of 440 t / h are fed to the seventeenth plate of the column. After heating in the furnace, fuel oil from the bottom of the atmospheric column is fed under the ninth theoretical plate of the vacuum column. From the second plate (counting from the top of the column) a heavy fraction of diesel fuel is extracted; from the sixth plate, a vacuum distillation fraction. From the bottom of the column output t tar. The upper and lower circulation irrigations are withdrawn from the second and fourth plates of the column, respectively, and with a temperature of 80 and OO C, respectively, are fed to the first and third plates

lonny. Pairs from the top of the vacuum column are directed to the bottom of the barometric capacitor, in which nozzle contact devices are installed, equivalent to two theoretical plates. The barometric condenser is irrigated with cooling to 40 ° C by circulating irrigation, which, after absorption of vapor introduced into the bottom of the barometric capacitor, is returned to the eighth plate of the atmospheric column. The pressure of the top of the atmospheric column is 0.11 MPa, the vacuum column is 0.0065 KPa, the barometric condenser is 0.0045 MPa. The pressure drop per theoretical plate in an atmospheric column is 0.001 MPa, in a vacuum column is 0.0007 MPa.

Example 1 (by a known method). The evaporating agent is not fed to the bottom of the vacuum column, the latter works without the distant section.

PRI me R 2 (the proposed method). It differs from Example 1 in that heated distillate fractions of the atmospheric column are fed to the bottom and the raw material line of the vacuum column. 6 t / h are introduced into the bottom of the vacuum column, and 4 t / h of the distillate fraction removed from the stripping section of the atmospheric column (diesel fraction) and heated to 390 ° C are fed into the raw material line in front of the furnace. Lower compasses Dionic irrigation of the atmospheric column in the number

In a quantity of 50 t / h with a temperature of 40 ° C, a theoretical plate of a barometric condenser is supplied to the second (counting from the top), and the upper circulating irrigation of a vacuum column in an amount of 10 tons / h is introduced at the top (first plate) of a barometric condenser. The product of the barometric condenser bottom - the mixture of circulating irrigations, discharged from the bottom together with the condensate of hydrocarbon vapors and the absorbed gases in the amount of 65 t / h with a temperature of 62 ° C, is heated before returning to the atmospheric column.

The main operational parameters of the columns in examples 1 and 2 are given in table. one; fractional composition of raw materials and separation products - in the table. 2 and 3.

Presented in table. 1-3, it follows that the proposed method allows an increase in the selection of distillate fractions compared with the known method. The selection of diesel fuel increases from 91.9 to 92.4 t / h, i.e. by 0.5% by weight of the vacuum di-fraction from 155 to 158.8 t / h, i.e. 2.5 wt.%. The quality of target products is also improved.

Claims (3)

1. A method of refining oil in an atmospheric column and the resulting fuel oil in a vacuum column to produce distillate fractions and residue using cooled circulation irrigation, supply of hydrocarbon vapors and decomposition gases from the top of the vacuum column to condensation and absorption to the bar-aromatic condenser fed to the top its circulating irrigation of the atmospheric column and the resulting product of the bottom barometric condenser to the atmospheric column, characterized in that, in order to increase the selection of target distillates fractions in the oil before being fed into the vacuum column and the bottom of this column is fed to the heated atmospheric distillate fractions of the column and the top of the barometric condenser is additionally fed circulating irrigation vacuum column. 2. The method according to claim 1, that is, that the circulation irrigation of the atmospheric column is fed to the top of the barometric condenser or to its intermediate section. 3. The method according to p. 1 about tl and h a yuvO u and with the fact that the product of the bottom of the barometric condenser is heated before being fed into the atmospheric column. Table 1 lower circulation irrigation OHL, of the associated product on top of the barometric condenser in the intermediate section of the barometric capacitor Upper Circulation Irrigation of Vacuum Column lower circulation irrigation water vapor to the bottom of the atmospheric column distillate fractions to the bottom of the vacuum column to the raw material line of the vacuum column steam to bottom of barometric condenser 65 65 60 ten 50 278 323 90 90 3 circulation irrigation to barometric condenser product from the bottom of the barometric condenser heat load, GJ / h: heat exchangers for heating the product from the bottom of the condenser condenser ovens for heating. from crude oil fuel oil barometric condenser irrigation coolers condenser-cooler of the atmospheric column. circular heat exchangers. top lower heat exchangers of the upper circulation irrigation of the vacuum column lower circulation heat exchangers 40 40 54 62 5.3 139747110 continuation of table 1 Method parameters The content of fractions, wt.%: 230 ° C - q.c. in gasoline-kerosene fraction nk - 230 ° C in light diesel fuel  - to, to in light diesel fuel Nk, - 230 C in diesel fuel.  - k, k in heavy diesel fuel n.k. - 360 ° C in fuel oil  - kk in a vacuum distillate NK ,, - 360 С in vacuum distillate ones. ik .. - 500 C in tar Example 11 2 i: 5.07 9.84 0.28 0.49 5.97 9.64 8.61 3.02 9.95 Table2 Table3 15 1397471 16 Continuation of table 3