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RU2014128633A - Выхлопная система двигателя внутреннего сгорания с неполным сгоранием, содержащая скв-катализатор - Google Patents

Выхлопная система двигателя внутреннего сгорания с неполным сгоранием, содержащая скв-катализатор Download PDF

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RU2014128633A
RU2014128633A RU2014128633A RU2014128633A RU2014128633A RU 2014128633 A RU2014128633 A RU 2014128633A RU 2014128633 A RU2014128633 A RU 2014128633A RU 2014128633 A RU2014128633 A RU 2014128633A RU 2014128633 A RU2014128633 A RU 2014128633A
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exhaust system
thin layer
array
media
pgm
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RU2014128633A
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RU2620421C2 (ru
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Филип БЛЭЙКМАН
Гэйвин Майкл БРАУН
Эндрю Фрэнсис ЧИФФИ
Джейн ГЭСТ
Пол Ричард ФИЛЛИПС
Радж РАДЖАРАМ
Глен СПРЕЙЦЕР
Эндрю УОКЕР
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Джонсон Мэтти Паблик Лимитед Компани
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    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
    • B01D53/9463—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick
    • B01D53/9472—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick in different zones
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    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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    • B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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Abstract

1. Выхлопная система для двигателя внутреннего сгорания, которая система содержит:a) первый катализированный цельный массив носителя, содержащий первое тонкослойное покрытие, расположенное в первой тонкослойной зоне цельного массива носителя, и второе тонкослойное покрытие, расположенное во второй тонкослойной зоне цельного массива носителя, где первое тонкослойное покрытие содержит каталитическую композицию, содержащую, по меньшей мере, один металл платиновой группы (МПГ) и, по меньшей мере, один материал носителя, где, по меньшей мере, один МПГ в первом тонкослойном покрытии подвержен улетучиванию, когда первое тонкослойное покрытие выдерживается в относительно чрезвычайных условиях, включая относительно высокие температуры, где второе тонкослойное покрытие содержит, по меньшей мере, один материал, несущий медь для улавливания улетучившегося МПГ, и где второе тонкослойное покрытие ориентировано для контактирования с выхлопным газом, который контактировал с первым тонкослойным покрытием; иb) второй катализированный цельный массив носителя, содержащий катализатор для селективного катализирования восстановления оксидов азота до молекулярного азота с азотным восстановителем, расположенный ниже по потоку от первого катализированного цельного массива носителя.2. Выхлопная система по п. 1, которая содержит инжектор для введения азотного восстановителя в выхлопной газ между первым катализированным цельным массивом носителя и вторым катализированным цельным массивом носителя.3. Выхлопная система по любому одному из пп. 1 или 2, в которой, по меньшей мере, один МПГ в первом тонкослойном покрытии содержит платину.4. Выхлопная

Claims (22)

1. Выхлопная система для двигателя внутреннего сгорания, которая система содержит:
a) первый катализированный цельный массив носителя, содержащий первое тонкослойное покрытие, расположенное в первой тонкослойной зоне цельного массива носителя, и второе тонкослойное покрытие, расположенное во второй тонкослойной зоне цельного массива носителя, где первое тонкослойное покрытие содержит каталитическую композицию, содержащую, по меньшей мере, один металл платиновой группы (МПГ) и, по меньшей мере, один материал носителя, где, по меньшей мере, один МПГ в первом тонкослойном покрытии подвержен улетучиванию, когда первое тонкослойное покрытие выдерживается в относительно чрезвычайных условиях, включая относительно высокие температуры, где второе тонкослойное покрытие содержит, по меньшей мере, один материал, несущий медь для улавливания улетучившегося МПГ, и где второе тонкослойное покрытие ориентировано для контактирования с выхлопным газом, который контактировал с первым тонкослойным покрытием; и
b) второй катализированный цельный массив носителя, содержащий катализатор для селективного катализирования восстановления оксидов азота до молекулярного азота с азотным восстановителем, расположенный ниже по потоку от первого катализированного цельного массива носителя.
2. Выхлопная система по п. 1, которая содержит инжектор для введения азотного восстановителя в выхлопной газ между первым катализированным цельным массивом носителя и вторым катализированным цельным массивом носителя.
3. Выхлопная система по любому одному из пп. 1 или 2, в которой, по меньшей мере, один МПГ в первом тонкослойном покрытии содержит платину.
4. Выхлопная система по любому одному из пп. 1 или 2, в которой, по меньшей мере, один МПГ в первом тонкослойном покрытии содержит как платину, так и палладий.
5. Выхлопная система по п. 4, в которой массовое соотношение Pt:Pd составляет ≤2.
6. Выхлопная система по любому одному из пп. 1, 2 или 5, в которой материалом носителя является, по меньшей мере, один оксид металла, молекулярное сито или смесь любых двух или более из них.
7. Выхлопная система по п. 6, в которой каждый металл-оксидный носитель выбран из группы, состоящей из необязательно стабилизированного оксида алюминия, аморфного диоксида кремния-оксида алюминия, необязательно стабилизированного оксида циркония, оксида церия, оксида титана, необязательно стабилизированного смешанного оксида церия-оксида циркония и смесей двух или более из них.
8. Выхлопная система по п. 3, в которой материалом носителя является, по меньшей мере, один оксид металла, молекулярное сито или смесь любых двух или более из них.
9. Выхлопная система по п. 4, в которой материалом носителя является, по меньшей мере, один оксид металла, молекулярное сито или смесь любых двух или более из них.
10. Выхлопная система по любому одному из пп. 8 или 9, в которой каждый металл-оксидный носитель выбран из группы, состоящей из необязательно стабилизированного оксида алюминия, аморфного диоксида кремния-оксида алюминия, необязательно стабилизированного оксида циркония, оксида церия, оксида титана, необязательно стабилизированного смешанного оксида церия-оксида циркония и смесей двух или более из них.
11. Выхлопная система по п. 6, в которой молекулярным ситом является алюмосиликатный цеолит.
12. Выхлопная система по любому одному из пп. 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 9 или 11, в которой первым цельным массивом носителя является проточный цельный массив носителя.
13. Выхлопная система по любому одному из пп. 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 9 или 11, в которой первым цельным массивом носителя является фильтрующий цельный массив носителя, имеющий впускные поверхности и выпускные поверхности, где впускные поверхности отделены от выпускных поверхностей пористой структурой, и где первое тонкослойное покрытие первой зоны нанесено на впускные поверхности, а второе тонкослойное покрытие второй зоны нанесено на выпускные поверхности.
14. Выхлопная система по п. 13, в которой фильтрующим цельным массивом носителя является фильтр с проточными стенками, в которой впускные каналы фильтра с проточными стенками содержат первую зону, и в которой выпускные каналы фильтра с проточными стенками содержат вторую зону.
15. Выхлопная система по любому одному из пп. 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 9 или 11, в которой вторым цельным массивом носителя является проточный цельный массив носителя.
16. Выхлопная система по любому одному из пп. 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 9 или 11, в которой вторым цельным массивом носителя является фильтрующий цельный массив носителя, имеющий впускные поверхности и выпускные поверхности, где впускные поверхности отделены от выпускных поверхностей пористой структурой.
17. Выхлопная система по п. 16, в которой фильтрующим цельным массивом носителя является фильтр с проточными стенками.
18. Выхлопная система по любому одному из пп. 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11 или 17, в которой первое тонкослойное покрытие содержит катализатор окисления или катализатор-адсорбер NOx.
19. Выхлопная система по любому одному из пп. 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11 или 17, которая содержит третий цельный массив носителя, в которой третьим цельным массивом носителя является фильтрующий цельный массив носителя, где третий цельный массив носителя расположен ниже по потоку от второго катализированного цельного массива носителя.
20. Выхлопная система по п. 19, в которой третий цельный массив носителя содержит катализатор окисления.
21. Двигатель внутреннего сгорания, в частности, для транспортного средства, который содержит выхлопную систему по любому из пп. 1-20.
22. Способ снижения или предотвращения отравления катализатора селективного каталитического восстановления (СКВ) в выхлопной системе двигателя внутреннего сгорания с неполным сгоранием металлом платиновой группы (МПГ), который может улетучиваться из каталитической композиции, содержащей, по меньшей мере, один МПГ, нанесенный на, по меньшей мере, один материал носителя и расположенный на цельном массиве носителя выше по потоку от СКВ-катализатора, когда каталитическая композиция, содержащая МПГ, выдерживается в относительно экстремальных условиях, включая относительно высокие температуры, когда способ содержит улавливание улетучившегося МПГ в тонкослойном покрытии, содержащем, по меньшей мере, один материал, несущий медь, которое расположено на том же самом цельном массиве носителя, как и каталитическая композиция, содержащая МПГ.
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