RU176528U1 - The simulator plate for classes on the restoration of fine motor skills and visuospatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting classes to restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic with organic brain lesions of various etiologies. A useful model contains transparent plastic rectangular plate (1) with a thickness of 3-4 mm, dimensions 105 × 297 mm, on the front surface of which is made nine cylindrical protrusions (2) with an external thread for screwing plastic plug caps (4) onto them, and the cylindrical protrusions (2) are arranged in two rows: five cylindrical protrusions (2) are evenly located in the lower row, and in the upper row four cylindrical protrusions (2), which are staggered with respect to the cylindrical protrusions (2) of the lower row, while the height and threaded diameter of each cylindrical protrusion (2) are made to the height and threaded diameter of a standard plastic plug with a diameter of 28 mm; and on the back surface of the plate (1) under each of the cylindrical protrusions (2), recesses (3) are made of a circular shape with a diameter of 38-42 mm, a depth of 1-2 mm. Thus, the "simulator-plate" allows classes with patients in a neurological clinic aimed at the simultaneous restoration of two processes: a) fine motor skills by implementing rotational movements of the fingers during the winding-unscrewing of plugs, b) visual-spatial memory by storing the spatial arrangement of circles of different colors from far easy and quick verification of the correctness of the assignment. The proposed "simulator-plate" introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation classes with patients, turning them into an interesting and attractive training for patients.

Description

This useful model relates to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in the departments of neurorehabilitation of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting classes to restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic.

Violation of fine motor skills and visuospatial memory occurs in patients with a neurological clinic due to organic brain lesions of various etiologies.

Violation of fine motor skills leads to difficulties in patients performing various everyday actions that require precise finger movements.

To restore impaired fine motor skills of fingers in patients of a neurological clinic, various simulators are used to ensure the inclusion of fingers in various movements, one of which is the rotation of the fingers of a small object.

So, from the existing level of technology, there is a well-known “Desktop simulator ель Panel with nuts’ ”, designed to restore fine motor skills with the help of twisting and unscrewing nuts with your fingers (Trading House Здоров Health Center ʺ Desktop simulator ʺ Panel with nuts’, found on the Internet on 10.10.2017 at http://czdor.ru/rehabilitation/lfk/dvm_vk404.11).

Structurally, this simulator is a wooden three-stage base, 200 × 300 mm in size, each step of which has 4 screws with nuts of different sizes. The total weight of the simulator is 1 kg.

Also known from the existing level of technology is the “Desktop Trainer ʺ Panel with Screws ʺ” designed to restore fine motor skills with the help of fingers screwing in and out screws. (Trading house ʺCenter of Healthʺ, desktop simulator ʺPanel with screwsʺ, found on the Internet on 10.10.2017 at http://czdor.ru/rehabilitation/lfk/dvm_vk404.11).

Structurally, this simulator is a similar wooden three-stage base with dimensions of 200 × 300 mm at each stage of which 4 different types of screws are installed. The total weight of the simulator is 1 kg.

The disadvantages of these simulators when using them during classes to restore fine motor skills in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) the uniformity and monotony of the movements performed by patients to tighten-unscrew the nuts and screw-in / out screws, which can lead to a decrease in interest in classes and fatigue of patients;

b) the difficulty of performing these actions for patients who had no previous experience with nuts and screws, therefore this activity is unusual for them and ineffective for restoring fine motor skills;

c) a screw-nut threaded pair made of metal has a sufficiently high coefficient of friction and therefore requires the application of forces that may be excessive for some patients with impaired fine motor skills of the fingers.

Also known from the prior art is the "Multifunctional developmental wall simulator", which is based on screwing-unscrewing caps on the neck of plastic bottles (Polozova E.V. Developing simulators from waste material. A practical guide for educators and methodologists of preschool educational institutions. - Voronezh: PE Lakotsenin S. S., 2009, pp. 26-30).

Structurally, this simulator is a wooden frame in which 121 holes are made (11 horizontally and 11 vertically), in which screw necks of plastic bottles are fastened, onto which standard plastic plugs are wound. The dimensions of the simulator are 650 × 700 mm.

Due to the specifics of working with this simulator, which consists in winding up / loosening plastic plugs, classes with this simulator contribute to the development of fine motor skills, as well as the formation of a number of other mental processes in children: visual-spatial perception, attention, counting operations, etc.

Unlike simulators based on the use of nuts and screws, the process of screwing-unscrewing plastic plugs is more effective for restoring fine motor skills of the fingers of the hands of patients in a neurological clinic, due to the fact that:

a) experience in performing this action is available to one degree or another in all patients, therefore this action is more strengthened and available for implementation by patients;

b) the process of winding-unscrewing traffic jams is included in activities that contribute to maintaining the interest of patients in the classroom;

c) the process of winding-unscrewing plastic plugs does not require any effort on the part of the patient.

The disadvantages of this simulator when using it during classes to restore fine motor skills in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) this simulator is primarily aimed at working with children, which consists in performing simple actions that contribute to the formation of spatial concepts in children, learning counting operations and is not intended for classes with adult patients;

b) the difficulty of working with this simulator for bed patients of a neurological clinic because of its significant size.

Also known from the existing level of technology is “A simulator device for generating tasks during classes to restore visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic” (Patent RU 169473 U1, published March 21, 2017).

Structurally, this device consists of a plastic case, the inner space of which is divided into nine cells, each of which has four LEDs of different colors, and in the upper part of the case, two plates are fixed above the cells, between which work cards are sequentially inserted, on the lower side of which there are images of geometric shapes made in white on a dark background. Images of geometric shapes hidden from the patient become visible after they are randomly illuminated by LEDs of different colors. The patient needs to remember the location and color of each geometric figure, and after turning off the LEDs, draw them with a colored marker on the surface of the upper plate from memory.

Thus, the peculiarity of this device is that it, along with the restoration of visual-spatial memory, also contributes to a certain degree to the restoration of fine motor skills of the fingers, as during the lesson, graphic actions are carried out to draw geometric shapes.

The disadvantages of this device when used during classes to restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) this device was not originally intended to restore fine motor skills;

b) the graphic actions performed by the patient are insignificant in terms of the volume of movements of the fingers;

c) limiting the time of classes with this device, since when the LEDs are turned on, a light stream is sent to the patient's face;

d) the structural complexity of this device, which includes electronic elements.

In order to overcome the above drawbacks, a "simulator-plate for exercises to restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic" (hereinafter referred to as "simulator-plate") was developed.

The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution are:

a) the actions performed by patients should be simultaneously aimed at restoring fine motor skills and at restoring visual-spatial memory;

b) restoration of fine motor skills should be based on the implementation of rotational movements of the fingers;

c) restoration of fine motor skills should be carried out in the course of activities attractive and interesting for patients;

d) ensuring the possibility of easy and quick verification by patients of the correctness of the task;

d) the simplicity of the design of the "simulator-plate", contributing to its widespread implementation in the practice of working with patients in a neurological clinic.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is to expand the functionality of the "Simulator devices for the formation of tasks during classes to restore visual and spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic", provided by the structural elements of the proposed utility model, allowing classes with patients of a neurological clinic aimed at simultaneous restoration of two processes: a) fine motor skills by implementing rotational movements of the fingers with twisting-unscrewing plugs, b) visual-spatial memory by remembering the spatial arrangement of circles of different colors with further easy and quick verification of the correctness of the task.

This technical result is achieved due to the fact that the "simulator-plate" contains a rectangular plate made of transparent plastic with a thickness of 3-4 mm, dimensions 105 × 297 mm, on the front surface of which there are nine cylindrical protrusions with an external thread designed for screwing onto them plastic stoppers, with cylindrical protrusions arranged in two rows: five cylindrical protrusions are evenly located in the lower row, and four cylindrical protrusions located in the staggered th order with respect to the lower row of cylindrical projections, wherein the height and diameter of each threaded tubular projection formed to the height and diameter of the standard threaded plastic tube diameter of 28 mm; and on the back surface of the plate under each of the cylindrical protrusions, round recesses are made with a diameter of 38-42 mm and a depth of 1-2 mm.

In a preferred embodiment of the "simulator-plate" on the back surface of the plate, with the exception of the recesses, a protective coating of light color is applied.

In the preferred embodiment of the “simulator-plate”, standard plastic plugs of different colors with a diameter of 28 mm are used as plug-chips.

The essence of the utility model "The simulator-plate for classes on the restoration of fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic" is illustrated by the drawings, which depict:

In FIG. 1 is a general view of a “simulator-plate” without plug-chips;

In FIG. 2 - "simulator-plate" with screw-on plugs;

In FIG. 3 is an example of one of the pages of a printed book with colored circles;

In FIG. 4 - "simulator-plate" superimposed on the page of the printed manual to verify the correctness of the assignment;

In FIG. 5 is an example of one of the pages of a printed manual with alternating color and white circles.

The inventive "simulator-plate" is (see Fig. 1) made of transparent plastic rectangular plate (1) with rounded edges with a thickness of 3-4 mm, dimensions 105 × 297 mm, which corresponds to half of a horizontally oriented standard A4 sheet.

On the front surface of the plate (1) there are 9 (nine) cylindrical protrusions (2) with an external thread for screwing plastic plugs (4) onto them (see Fig. 2), and the cylindrical protrusions (2) are located in 2 (two) rows: 5 (five) cylindrical protrusions (2) are evenly located in the lower row, and 4 (four) cylindrical protrusions (2) are evenly located in the upper row, which are staggered with respect to the cylindrical protrusions (2) of the lower row.

The height and the threaded diameter of each cylindrical protrusion (2) are made to the height and the threaded diameter of a standard plastic stopper for plastic bottles with a diameter of 28 mm (Liquid Packing LLC, Cork (cap) for a 28 mm plastic bottle, found on the Internet on 10/10/2017 by address http://www.opt-union.ru/i_store/item_1002315758/probka-kolpachek-dlya-plastikovoy-butylki-28mm-podhodit-dlya-formatov-bpf-pco-40-kop.html).

On the back surface of the plate (1) under each of the cylindrical protrusions (2), recesses (3) are made of a circular shape with a diameter of 38-42 mm, a depth of 1-2 mm. In this case, on the back surface of the plate (1), with the exception of the recesses (3), a protective coating of light color is applied (for example, by coloring).

Thus, on the plate (1) under each of the cylindrical protrusions (2) there remains a transparent region of circular shape necessary for working with the "simulator-plate", and the rest of the back surface of the plate (1) is protected from scratching by a protective coating.

As stoppers-chips (4) in work with the “simulator-plate” standard plastic stoppers from plastic bottles with a diameter of 28 mm are used, which can be of two options: a) nine different colors, for example, red, orange, yellow, green, blue blue, violet, brown and gray; b) one color, the upper parts are coated with nine of the above colors.

When working with the "simulator-plate", a special printing aid is used (see Fig. 3, 5), on the pages (5) of which there are various tasks for memorizing in the form of: a) nine colored circles alternating in different sequences (6); b) colored circles (6) and white circles (7) alternating in different sequences.

Moreover, the location of the colored and white circles (6, 7) strictly corresponds to the location of the recesses (3) on the back surface of the plate (1), and the diameter of each color and white circle (6, 7) is equal to the diameter of the recess (3). In this case, the color gamut of colored circles (6) correspond to the colors of cork-chips (4).

Each page (5) of the printed manual is in A4 format, and contains two tasks, one of which is located at the top of the page (5), and the other at the bottom.

The "Trainer-plate for classes on the restoration of fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic" works as follows:

Before the start of the course of employment using the "simulator-plate", the specialist selects for each patient tasks from the printed manual, the corresponding severity of visual and spatial memory impairment (see. Fig. 3, 5). The degree of difficulty of the tasks is determined by the following:

a) The number of colored circles (6) to remember. The simplest is the task of three colored circles (6) and six white circles (7), the most difficult is the task of nine colored circles (6) (see Fig. 3);

b) Arrangement of colored circles (6) relative to each other. The simplest is the task of the three colored circles (6), grouped side by side in one place, the most difficult is when the colored circles (6) are located in different places among the white circles (7) (see Fig. 5).

All actions with traffic jams-chips (4) the patient must perform with his hand in violation of fine motor skills, holding the "simulator plate" with his healthy hand.

Then the patient for some time (from 10 or more seconds) remembers the location of the colored circles (6), then closes the page (5) of the manual with the task of a blank sheet of paper.

After that, the patient from memory (restoration of visual-spatial memory) places and winds up plug-chips (4) (restoration of fine motor skills) on cylindrical protrusions (2) (see Fig. 2) in accordance with the assignment of the printed manual.

If the patient has difficulties in determining the location of the cork-chip (4) of any color, he can briefly lift a sheet of paper covering the page (5) with the task, thus receiving a hint.

After wrapping the plugs-chips (4), the patient checks the correctness of the task:

a) by directly comparing the location of the plug-chips (4) with the task on the page (5) of the printed manual;

b) by imposing a “simulator-plate” on the page (5) of the printed manual with the task (see. Fig. 4). In this case, in the transparent recesses (3) under each of the plug-chips (4), the outer part of the colored circle (6) located on the given page (5) of the printing manual becomes visible. If the color of the cork-chip (4) and the color of the circle (6) on the page (5) are the same, then this cork-chip (4) is wound correctly.

This verification method is used for complex tasks, as well as for independent work of patients with impaired spatial perception, who find it difficult to directly compare the location of the plugs (4) on the plate (1) with the location of the colored circles (6) on page (5) of the printed manual .

Further, the patient twists the cap-chips (4) from the cylindrical protrusions (2) (restoration of fine motor skills), selects a new task from the printed manual and the whole sequence of actions described above is repeated.

Along with exercises to restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic, the “simulator-plate” can be used in the following cases:

a) when conducting neurocognitive trainings with people of advanced and senile age who have impaired fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory;

b) when conducting correctional and developmental classes with children with impaired formation of fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory;

c) as a developmental game aimed at developing and training fine motor skills and visuospatial memory in healthy children.

Thus, the “simulator-plate” allows you to conduct classes with patients of the neurological clinic aimed at the simultaneous restoration of two processes: a) fine motor skills by implementing rotational movements of the fingers when wound-unscrewing plugs, b) visual and spatial memory by storing the spatial location circles of different colors with further easy and quick verification of the correctness of the assignment.

The proposed "simulator-plate" introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation classes with patients, turning them into an interesting and attractive training for patients.

Claims (3)

1. A simulator plate for exercises to restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic, characterized in that it contains a rectangular plate 3-4 mm thick, made of transparent plastic, measuring 105 × 297 mm, and nine are made on its front surface cylindrical protrusions with an external thread for screwing plastic plugs onto them, and the cylindrical protrusions are arranged in two rows: five cylindrical protrusions, and in the upper - four cylindrical protrusions, which are staggered with respect to the cylindrical protrusions of the lower row, while the height and threaded diameter of each cylindrical protrusion are made to the height and threaded diameter of a standard plastic plug with a diameter of 28 mm and on the back surface of the plate under each of the cylindrical protrusions, round recesses are made with a diameter of 38-42 mm and a depth of 1-2 mm. 2. The simulator plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the protective surface of the plate is coated with a light color, with the exception of the recesses, on the back surface of the plate. 3. The simulator-plate according to claim 1, characterized in that standard plastic plugs of different colors with a diameter of 28 mm are used as plug-chips in the work with the “simulator-plate”.

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