RU164606U1 - SIMULATOR FOR LESSONS TO RESTORE THE PROCESS OF ATTENTION, VISUAL AND SPATIAL PERCEPTION AND MEMORY IN PATIENTS OF A NEUROLOGICAL CLINIC - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for placing illustrative material for classes to restore attention, visual and spatial perception and memory in patients of a neurological clinic, containing a plastic case measuring 310-340 × 220-250 × 20 × 40 mm, separated by a plastic partition, rigidly fixed in the center of the case, to two identical-sized compartments, in the upper part of which there are horizontal grooves, on the upper part of the casing by means of a screw connection, two transparent plates are installed one above the other, the sizes of which correspond the size of the case, the internal transparent plate has a thickness of 1-3 mm and is directly adjacent to the upper part of the body, and the external transparent plate has a thickness of 3-5 mm and is placed above the internal transparent plate with a gap of 2-3 mm, which is provided by gaskets 2-3 mm thick, fixed along the upper, lower and central sides of the inner transparent plate, forming two transparent compartments with vertical grooves on the sides, with a strip glued to the inner parts of the lower and upper transparent plates of a soft fabric material.

Description

This useful model relates to medicine, to the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting classes to restore impaired attention, visual and spatial perception and memory in patients of a neurological clinic with various diseases of the brain.

Attention - this is the selective orientation of human consciousness on certain objects and phenomena. Attention is expressed, first of all, in a clearer and more distinct course of mental processes and in the exact implementation of the actions associated with it. (VG Krysko. Psychology. Course of lectures, publishing house: University textbook, Infra-M, 2013, 256 pp.).

Visual and spatial perception (English visual perception) is a set of processes for building a visual image of the world based on sensory information obtained using the visual system. At the early stages of phylogenetic development, it provides information mainly on the spatial position and movement of objects. Later this information is supplemented by information about the shape and structure of objects. In humans, in the system of other perceptual processes it occupies a leading position (The Big Psychological Dictionary. - M .: Prime-EUROSNAK. Edited by B. G. Meshcheryakov, Acad. V. P. Zinchenko, 2003). Memory is one of the most demanded mental processes of a person. Visual memory is the predominance of the preservation and reproduction of visual images. For many people, this type of memory is the leading one. Sometimes visual images are reproduced so accurately that they resemble a photograph. In patients with brain disorders, these vital systems are primarily affected. In this regard, this contingent of patients in the first place needs proper and effective rehabilitation training. This contingent of patients of young and working age needs not only the restoration of higher mental functions - speech, memory, counting, writing and reading, but also their return to a normal social environment, to work (Tsvetkova L.S. Neuropsychological rehabilitation of patients. Speech and intellectual activity: Textbook. - 2nd ed., rev. and add. - M: Publishing house of the Moscow Psychological and Social Institute; 2004, Voronezh: Publishing house NPO "MODEK", 2004. - 424 p.).

Currently, there are various games and techniques designed to form either the development of the process of attention, or visual and spatial perception, or visual memory. (Neuropsychological methods of rehabilitation of patients with impaired higher mental functions. Published by Laesus De Liro 03/06/2010, found 02/14/2016 on the Internet: http://doctorspb.ru/articles.php?article_id=1322).

The disadvantages of these methods of rehabilitation of patients with impaired higher mental functions are:

1. Illustrative material of techniques and games for the restoration of higher mental functions can be used only once, since after connecting the same images to each other by a line, a trace of a pen or pencil remains on a sheet of paper;

2. The material contains, as a rule, one technique for searching for identical images, which is not enough for conducting long recovery courses with patients at a neurological clinic;

3. Techniques and games designed to work with children, due to their specificity, cannot be used in working with patients of a neurological clinic.

4. In addition, as a rule, methods and games for the rehabilitation of patients in a neurological clinic are intended for one of the pathological conditions of the patient, that is, the scope is narrowed, for example, to work only with impaired attention, or with impaired visual and spatial perception, or visual memory.

A device is known for generating “superimposed” images intended to restore impaired visual perception in patients of a neurological clinic by applying images in the form of objects and objects to A4 transparent films, which are placed in transparent files, and the files are fixed in the rings of cardboard or plastic covers with the possibility of turning them over and removing them. Moreover, each transparent film contains one or two contour images of objects or objects located on the left and right parts of the film sheet. The method provides ease of execution of the device due to the formation of images on transparent films using transparent files to provide a long course of training to restore visual perception in patients of a neurological clinic and the possibility of forming a very large number of superimposed contours of objects and objects (RU 2570489, 12/10/2015 ) The disadvantage of this device is the narrow scope of its application, only for the formation of "superimposed" images designed to restore impaired visual perception in patients with a neurological clinic.

The device we created - a simulator for classes to restore the process of attention, visual and spatial perception and memory in patients of a neurological clinic, is intended in the process of use to simultaneously restore all these disturbed processes, and not just restore the disturbed visual perception.

The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution is:

1. Providing the possibility of conducting long courses to restore the disturbed process of attention, visual and spatial perception and memory with patients of a neurological clinic due to: a) structural elements of the device, providing the formation of a limited number of sheets of paper containing working material, the required number of tasks for classes; b) reuse of printed sheets with working material.

The technical result provided by the proposed utility model is a wide area of its application due to the quick and easy formation with the help of structural elements of the simulator from a limited number of sheets of paper with working material, a sufficient number of tasks for the restoration of a disturbed attention process necessary for long recovery courses, so and visual, spatial perception, as well as memory in patients with a neurological clinic.

The essence of the proposed "simulator for classes to restore attention, visual and spatial perception and memory in patients with a neurological clinic" is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

In FIG. 1 is a front view of the device;

In FIG. 2 is a general view of the device, with an opaque filter inserted in one of the compartments between the transparent plates;

In FIG. 3 is a general view of the device from above;

In FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of the device;

In FIG. 5-7 - samples of two sheets of paper with groups of the same type of images intended for classes to restore attention and visual perception;

In FIG. 8-10 - samples of two sheets of paper with groups of the same type of images intended for classes to restore spatial perception;

In FIG. 11, 12 - samples of "noisy" filters designed for classes to restore visual perception;

In FIG. 13 - an opaque filter designed for classes on the restoration of spatial and visual memory.

The simulator for classes to restore attention, visual and spatial perception and memory in patients with a neurological clinic (see Fig. 1-4) consists of a plastic case (1) formed by the back and side walls on all four sides of the back wall, size 310-340 × 220-250 × 20 × 40 mm. The plastic case (1) is divided into two equal-sized compartments (2), using a plastic partition (15) 2-3 mm thick, rigidly fixed in the center of the case (1). Horizontal grooves (3) are cut in the upper side wall of each compartment (2). On top of the housing (1) by means of a screw connection (8) two transparent plates (6) and (7) are installed one above the other, the size of which corresponds to the size of the housing (1) of the device. Moreover, the inner transparent plate (6) has a thickness of 1-3 mm and is directly adjacent to the upper part of the body (1), and the outer transparent plate (7) has a thickness of 3-5 mm and is placed above the inner transparent plate (6) with a gap of 2-3 mm, which is ensured by gaskets (9) with a thickness of 2-3 mm, fixed between the plates from above, below and in the center, forming transparent compartments (10) in the upper part of the housing (1) of the device. On the sides of each transparent compartment (10) without gaskets, vertical grooves (12) are formed.

Thus, above each of the two compartments (2) of the housing (1) of the device into which the sheets of paper (4) are laid, with the images (5), there are two transparent compartments (10) into which the filters (11) are inserted, designed to image perception complications

(5) when working on restoring visual perception, or closing them, when working on restoring visual and spatial memory.

Unlike paper sheets (4), with various images (5), which are inserted into the compartments (2) of the device case (1) through horizontal grooves (3) formed in the upper part of the case (1), filters (11) are inserted into transparent compartments (10) through vertical grooves (12) formed in the left and right parts of the device. At the same time, laying and removing sheets of paper (4) with images (5) does not interfere with the installation and removal of filters (11). Strips of soft fabric material (13) are glued to the inner parts of the lower and upper transparent plates (6) and (7), which ensure that the filters (11) slide easily when they are installed in transparent compartments (10) and protect the inner surfaces of the upper and lower surfaces from scratching transparent plates (6) and (7) and the surface of the filter itself (11).

Transparent compartments (10) and filters (11) perform the following functions:

1. Provide complication of image perception (5) when working on restoration of visual perception;

2. Provide the ability to work with the left or right group of images (5), when working on the restoration of visual and spatial memory.

Filters (11), designed to complicate the perception of images (5), are a transparent film (see Figs. 11 and 12), on which various “noisy” backgrounds are applied in the form of dots, lines, geometric shapes, etc. The necessary filter stiffness (11) is provided by laminating this transparent film.

Filters (11), designed to close images (5), are a laminated sheet of opaque white paper (see Fig. 13), on which areas (14) that are used during classes are highlighted in places where images (5) are located to restore spatial and visual memory.

Filters (11) designed to close images (5) can also be translucent, allowing you to see the general contours of images (5).

The sheets of paper (4) inserted into the compartments (2) of the housing (1) (see Fig. 5-10) contain a group of 6 or more similar images (5) in the form of objects, objects, symbols and geometric shapes.

Sheets of paper (4) containing groups of similar images (5) make up sets, each of which includes 8-12 sheets of paper (4), on which groups of similar images are printed on both sides (5). The main feature of sheets of paper (4) with groups of the same type of images (5) that make up one or another set is that groups of images (5) are located on each sheet of paper (4) in a different order.

Thus, due to the presence of compartments (2) of the housing (1) of the device from two sheets of paper (4) with groups of the same type of images (5), various tasks can be formed that differ from each other by the combination of images (5) located on sheets of paper (4) in the left and right compartment (2) of the housing (1) of the device. Turning these sheets of paper (4) on the other side, or placing two other sheets of paper (4) with similar images (5) in different order in the compartments (2) of the device (2), allows you to create the number of new tasks necessary for classes.

Thus, the proposed device performs the following functions:

a) Allows, due to the presence of compartments (2) of the housing (1), from each set of sheets of paper (4) containing groups of the same type of images (5) embedded in the compartments (2) of the housing (1) of the device, to form the necessary number of new, different from each other tasks, providing the possibility of conducting long-term rehabilitation courses.

b) Perform the necessary graphic operations on the surface of the outer transparent plate (7) of the device with an easily erasable marker, which makes it possible to reuse sheets of paper (4) containing groups of similar images (5).

c) Complicate the search conditions for identical images by installing in transparent compartments (10) formed by transparent plates (6 and 7) installed one above the other, filters (11) with various “noisy” backgrounds during visual restoration classes;

c) By installing an opaque filter (11) in the transparent compartments (10), quickly hide the right or left sheet of paper (4) with a group of images (5) during the restoration of visual and spatial memory.

The work of the simulator for classes to restore attention, visual and spatial perception and memory in patients with a neurological clinic is as follows:

Before starting classes, the specialist selects the appropriate set of sheets of paper (4) with the images necessary for the lesson (5), divides it into two parts that are identical in number of sheets, and lays each part through horizontal grooves (3) in one of the compartments (2) of the case ( 1) devices.

And in one of the transparent compartments (10) inserts filters (11), designed to complicate the perception of images (5) when working on the restoration of visual perception, or closing them, when working on the restoration of visual and spatial memory.

When working with sheets of paper (4), the patient remembers the location of the images (5) on one of the sheets of paper (4), which is then closed through horizontal grooves (3) with an opaque filter (11) with the selected areas (14) corresponding to the locations of the images. Then the patient connects with a line each image (5) on an open sheet of paper with a highlighted area indicating the place where, in his opinion, there is a similar image (5) on a closed sheet of paper.

The patient is given the task of finding identical images (5) on the left and right sheet of paper (4) and connecting them to each other, drawing a line with an easily erasable marker on the surface of the outer transparent plate (7).

If the lesson conducted with the patient is aimed at restoring the process of attention, then sheets of paper (4) containing groups of the same type of images (5) in the form of symbols, geometric shapes, outwardly similar images, when working with which the patient needs to concentrate, are laid in compartments (2) .

If the lesson conducted with the patient is aimed at restoring the process of visual perception, then sheets of paper (4) containing groups of the same type of images (5) are laid in compartments (2) in the form of externally similar images of objects and objects, when working with which the patient needs to highlight their special features.

If the lesson conducted with the patient is aimed at restoring the process of spatial perception, then sheets of paper (4) containing groups of the same type of image (5) are laid in compartments (2) in the form of spatially oriented symbols, geometric shapes, objects, objects, during which the patient is working their spatial location must be taken into account.

After the patient finds the same image (5) on the left and right sheet of paper (4) and connects them with a line with an easily erasable marker, the specialist checks the correctness of the task and helps the patient correct the mistakes made. After two sheets of paper (4) with groups of the same type of image (5) are placed in the compartments (2) of the case (1), the patient needs to find the same image (5) on the left and right sheet of paper (4) and connect them by lines with an easily erasable marker on the surface of the outer transparent plate (7).

Further, the specialist erases with a sponge designed to erase records made with an easily erasable marker, the lines drawn by the patient on the outer transparent plate (7) and removes two sheets of paper (4) with which the patient worked from the compartments (2) of the device case (1).

After that, the patient’s work is carried out with two other sheets of paper (4), which were under the sheets of paper removed from the compartments (2) of the device, and now are on top.

After the patient has completed the exercise with these sheets of paper, they are removed from the compartments (2) of the housing (1) of the device and work is carried out with the following sheets of paper located below them (4).

After the patient has completed the exercises using a set of 8-12 sheets of paper (4) with images (5), a new set of sheets of paper (4) containing other images of the same type is inserted into the compartments (2) of the device (1) (5).

In the case when it is necessary to continue working with a set of sheets of paper (4) with images (5) that have already been used by the patient, these sheets of paper (4) are inserted into the grooves (3) of the device with the other side up, or mixed first, and then inserted into the grooves (3). Thus, the required number of new tasks is formed that do not repeat those that were performed by the patient.

If the lesson conducted with the patient is aimed at restoring the process of visual perception, then during the work filters are used that contain various “noisy” backgrounds that complicate the process of image perception (5).

For this purpose, a specialist, after laying sheets of paper (4) with images (5) in the compartments (2) of the device, inserts one or another filter through the vertical slots (12) into the transparent compartments (10) containing various “noisy” backgrounds in the form dots, lines, geometric shapes.

After that, the patient connects the image line (5) on one of the sheets of paper (4) with the images (5) of the other sheet of paper (4), on which a “noisy” filter is applied (11).

This activity helps to increase the sensitivity of the process of visual perception to the subtle distinguishing features of objects and objects and helps to restore impaired visual perception.

After the patient completes the task, the “noisy” filter (11) is removed from the device and the exercise is checked for correctness.

If the lesson conducted with the patient is aimed at restoring the process of visual and spatial memory, then opaque or translucent filters are used (11), which allow closing one of the sheets of paper (4) with images (5).

In this case, a filter (11) is inserted into one of the transparent compartments (10) of the device through a vertical groove (12), which covers one of the sheets of paper with images (5), and the patient is given the task to remember the location of the images (5) on another sheet paper (4).

After a certain time, the filter (11) is removed from the device and inserted into another transparent compartment (10), covering a sheet of paper (4) with images (5) that the patient remembered. After that, the patient connects with a line each image (5) on the visible sheet of paper (4) with the selected area (14) on the opaque filter (11) corresponding to the place where, in his opinion, the image (5) is on the closed sheet of paper (4 )

After the patient has completed the task, the specialist removes the filter sheet (4) from the device that covers the paper (4) and performs a check with the patient on the correctness of the task.

The effectiveness of the proposed "simulator for classes to restore attention, visual and spatial perception and memory in patients with a neurological clinic" is as follows:

1) In the wide field of practical application of the device, allowing you to work on the restoration immediately of a number of different mental processes: a) attention; b) visual perception; c) spatial perception: d) visual memory; e) spatial memory.

2) The possibility of using the device when working on restoration of a number of other disorders: facial agnosia, symbolic agnosia, one-sided visual-spatial agnosia, impaired eye movements, etc.

3) The ability to conduct long-term training courses to restore attention, visual and spatial perception and memory due to the possibility of forming the required number of tasks from a limited number of sheets of paper with similar images.

4) The possibility of multiple use by a sheet of paper with groups of similar images.

5) The possibility of using the device during neuropsychological diagnostics.

6) The possibility of using the device when conducting correctional and developmental classes with children who have problems in the formation of higher mental functions.

7) The possibility of using the device during neurocognitive training with the elderly.

8) The possibility of using the device for training and improving attention, visual and spatial perception and memory in healthy people who want to improve their abilities.

All this is achieved due to the presence in the device of the casing of two compartments located directly in the casing and two transparent compartments located on the upper part of the casing, which provide:

- easy and quick application of “noisy” filters on the used images, complicating the process of perception and allowing working on the restoration of the disturbed process of attention, visual and spatial perception and memory;

- easy and quick application of opaque or translucent filters to the used images, covering part of the images from the patient and allowing working to restore the disturbed attention process, visual and spatial perception, and visual and spatial memory.

- easy and convenient verification of the correctness of the exercises performed by the patient during classes aimed at restoring impaired perception and memory.

- quick and easy formation due to the structural elements of the claimed utility model from a limited number of sheets of paper with working material necessary for long recovery courses, a sufficient number of tasks for the restoration of both the disturbed process of attention and visual, spatial perception, as well as memory in patients neurological clinic.

Thus, the "Simulator for classes to restore attention, visual and spatial perception and memory in patients of a neurological clinic" has a wide scope of practical application and can be claimed as a device that contributes to the formation, correction, restoration, training of a number of higher mental functions of a person.

Claims (1)

A device for placing illustrative material for classes to restore attention, visual and spatial perception and memory in patients of a neurological clinic, containing a plastic case measuring 310-340 × 220-250 × 20 × 40 mm, separated by a plastic partition, rigidly fixed in the center of the case, to two identical-sized compartments, in the upper part of which there are horizontal grooves, on the upper part of the casing by means of a screw connection, two transparent plates are installed one above the other, the sizes of which correspond the size of the case, the internal transparent plate has a thickness of 1-3 mm and is directly adjacent to the upper part of the body, and the external transparent plate has a thickness of 3-5 mm and is placed above the internal transparent plate with a gap of 2-3 mm, which is provided by gaskets 2-3 mm thick, fixed on the upper, lower and central sides of the inner transparent plate, forming two transparent compartments with vertical grooves on the sides, with a strip glued to the inner parts of the lower and upper transparent plates of a soft fabric material.

Images