KR20120102576A - 환자 적합화 및 개선된 정형외과용 임플란트, 설계 및 관련 도구 - Google Patents
환자 적합화 및 개선된 정형외과용 임플란트, 설계 및 관련 도구 Download PDFInfo
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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Abstract
Description
도 1은 초기 환자 적합화된 임플란트를 선택하는 단계 및/또는 설계하는 단계를 포함하는 과정을 도시한 흐름도이다.
도 2a는 환자 특정 2구획 장치 및 환자 특정 1구획 장치를 사용하는 예시적인 무릎 대치를 보여주는 사진이며, 도 2b 및 도 2c는 각각 관상면(coronal plane) 및 시상면(sagittal plane)에서 도 2a의 장치를 보여주는 X선 영상이다.
도 3은 무릎 대치에서 하지 정렬을 교정하는 데 사용될 수 있는 예시적인 절제 절단부(resection cut)를 갖는 무릎의 관상면을 도시한다.
도 4는 2개의 상이한 골 절제 절단부 깊이에 대한 2개의 골 표면 영역의 외주 및 면적을 도시한다.
도 5는 2개의 상이한 절제 절단부가 적용된 대퇴골의 원위도(distal view)이다.
도 6a 및 도 6b는 영상 데이터, 또는 영상 데이터로부터 도출된 형상을 사용하여, 임플란트 구성요소가 환자의 PCL을 방해하지 않고 이것이 막히지 않은 상태로 유지되도록 선택 및/또는 설계된 임플란트 구성요소의 후연(posterior margin)을 도시한다.
도 7a 및 도 7b는 폴리에틸렌 층 또는 삽입물 없이 사용되는 예시적인 1구획 내측 및 외측 경골 임플란트 구성요소(도 7a), 및 폴리에틸렌 층 또는 삽입물과 함께 사용되는 예시적인 1구획 정중 및 외측 경골 임플란트 구성요소(도 7b)를 도시한다.
도 8a 내지 도 8c는 환자의 근위 경골 상의 내측 및 외측 절제 절단부 절면(resection cut facet)을 분리하는 3개의 상이한 유형의 스텝 절단부(step cut)를 도시한다.
도 9a 및 도 9b는 경골 임플란트 구성요소에 대한 내측 경골 구성요소 기울기(slope)(도 9a) 및/또는 외측 경골 구성요소 기울기(도 9b)를 도출하기 위한 예시적인 흐름도를 도시한다.
도 10a 내지 도 10o는 이중(dual) 삽입물을 갖는 경골 트레이를 포함하는 예시적인 경골 임플란트 설계를 도시하고, 도 10p 내지 도 10ad는 일정 범위의 삽입물 표면 형상을 갖는 단일 삽입물을 갖는 경골 트레이를 포함하는 예시적인 경골 임플란트 설계를 도시한다.
도 11a 내지 도 11c는 경골 임플란트 구성요소에 대한 예시적인 내측 및 외측 활주 경로 및 관련 단일 피스 및 이중 피스 삽입물 표면을 도시한다.
도 12는 인대 보존형(ligament retaining)인 경골 임플란트 구성요소의 구현예를 도시한다.
도 13a 및 도 13b는 인대 보존형인 경골 임플란트 구성요소의 구현예를 도시한다.
도 14a 및 도 14b는 인대에 충돌하는 경골 임플란트 구성요소(도 14a) 및 인대에 충돌하지 않는 경골 임플란트 구성요소(도 14b)의 구현예를 도시한다.
도 15a 내지 도 15c는 PCL-보존형(PCL-retaining) 경골 삽입물을 설계하기 위한 과정에 있어서의 단계들을 도시한다.
도 16a 내지 도 16c는 안정화 핀(stabilizing fin)을 포함하는 예시적인 경골 임플란트 구성요소(예를 들어, PCL 희생형(PCL-sacrificing) 환자 특정 경골 임플란트 구성요소)의 3개의 사시도를 도시한다.
도 17a 및 도 17b는 임플란트 구성요소의 표면으로부터 돌출하는 포스트(post)(또는 킬(keel) 또는 돌출부)를 갖는 경골 임플란트 구성요소의 예시적인 단면을 도시한다.
도 18은 2mm, 3mm 및 4mm의 근위 경골 절제 절단부 깊이를 도시한다.
도 19는 예시적인 소형, 중간 및 대형 블랭크 경골 트레이를 도시한다.
도 20a 내지 도 20c는 정합하는 외주를 포함하도록 제조 및/또는 기계가공된, 경골 트레이와 경골 트레이 삽입물의 3개의 예시적인 조합을 도시한다.
도 21a 내지 도 21c는 경골 트레이에 대한 예시적인 A-P 및 페그(peg) 각도를 도시한다.
도 22a는 경골 임플란트 구성요소를 위한 중합체(예를 들어, 폴리에틸렌) 삽입물을 제조하기 위한 6개의 예시적인 도구 선단(tool tip)을 도시하고, 도 22b는 상이한 거리로부터 폴리에틸렌 삽입물 내로 스위핑(sweeping)하는 2개의 예시적인 도구의 시상면상(sagittal view)을 도시한다.
도 23a는 경골 삽입물의 관절 대면 표면(joint-facing surface)의 내측 상의 오목한 홈의 형상이 삽입물의 반대 표면 상의 볼록한 형상에 의해, 그리고 경골 트레이의 교합 표면 상의 요부(concavity)에 의해 정합되는 구현예를 도시하고, 도 23b는 경골 임플란트 구성요소의 지지(bearing) 표면에 대한 2개의 예시적인 요부 치수를 도시한다.
도 24a 및 도 24b는 기울어진 시상면 J 곡선을 갖는 경골 임플란트 구성요소의 2개의 구현예를 예시한다.
도 25는 블랭크 임플란트 구성요소를 특정 환자에 적합하게 하기 위한 흐름도이다.
도 26은 다양한 경골 절단부 및 상응하는 표면 특징부를 도시한다.
도 27은 절제된 근위 경골 표면 외주, 및 경골 임플란트 외주를 설계하기 위하여 매끈럽게 한 외주 라인을 도시한다.
도 28 내지 도 33은 대퇴골 구성요소 및 슬개골 구성요소를 포함하는 무릎 임플란트의 예시적인 설계를 도시한다.
도 34a는 환자의 경골 고원부(tibial plateau) 상의 특정 위치 아래로 특정 거리가 되도록 선택 및/또는 설계될 수 있는 경골 근위 절제 절단부를 도시하고, 도 34b는 환자의 경골 고원부로 오버레이된 (예를 들어, 환자의 생물학적 구조의 모형을 조작하기 위하여 CAD 프로그램을 사용한) 해부 스케치를 도시하고, 도 34c는 결절의 중심과, 외측 고원부 및 내측 고원부 중 하나 또는 둘 모두의 중심을 확인하는 데 사용되는 스케치된 오버레이를 도시한다.
도 35a 내지 도 35c는 해부 스케치로부터 도출될 수 있는 하나 이상의 축을 도시한다.
도 36a는 A-P 기울기 절단부를 A-P 기울기와 정합되게 하여, 환자의 내측 경골 고원부의 최저점 아래 2mm에 만들어진 근위 경골 절제부를 도시하고, 도 36b 및 도 36c는 환자의 절단된 경골 표면의 90% 커버율(coverage)을 갖도록 선택 및/또는 설계된 임플란트를 도시한다.
도 37a 내지 도 47c는 상기에서 확인된 해부학적 기준을 사용하여 경골에 대한 절제 절단을 수행하기 위한 예시적인 단계를 설명한다.
도 48a 내지 도 48e는 경골 트레이의 저면도(도 48a), 경골 트레이의 상면도(도 48b), 경골 삽입물의 저면도(도 48c), 경골 트레이의 상면-전면(즉, 근위-전방) 사시도(도 48d), 및 경골 삽입물의 저면 전면(즉, 원위 전방) 사시도(도 48e)를 포함한 경골 임플란트 구성요소의 구현예의 다양한 측면을 도시한다.
도 49a 내지 도 49c는 경골 트레이 및 1피스 삽입물을 포함하는 경골 임플란트 구성요소의 구현예의 측면을 도시한다.
도 50a 내지 도 50c는 경골 트레이 및 1피스 삽입물을 포함하는 경골 임플란트 구성요소의 구현예의 측면을 도시한다.
도 51a 내지 도 51c는 블랭크 경골 트레이 및 블랭크 경골 삽입물을 각각, 환자 적합화된 프로파일을 포함하도록, 예를 들어 환자의 절제된 경골 표면의 프로파일과 실질적으로 정합되도록 변경시키기 위한 예시적인 단계를 도시한다.
도 52a 내지 도 52c는 환자에 대한 적절한 경골 회전을 확립하기 위한 예시적인 전략을 도시한다.
도 53은 경골 트레이에 대한 예시적인 스템(stem) 설계 선택사항을 도시한다.
도 54a 및 도 54b는 특정 구현예에서, 근위 경골 절제부의 깊이 및 각도에 기초하여 경골 임플란트 외주 프로파일을 확인하기 위한 접근법을 도시하는데, 상기 프로파일은 경골 트레이 외주 프로파일 및/또는 경골 삽입물 외주 프로파일의 선택 및/또는 설계에서 적용될 수 있다.
도 55a 및 도 55b는 도 54a 및 도 54b에 설명된 것과 동일하지만, 보다 작은 경골(예를 들어, 보다 작은 직경 및 외주 길이)을 갖는 상이한 환자에 적용되는 접근법을 도시한다.
도 56a 내지 도 56d는, 예를 들어 상이한 내측 및 외측 관절융기 외주 형상을 갖는 4개의 상이한 예시적인 경골 임플란트 프로파일을 도시한다.
도 57a 내지 도 57b는 원위 절단에 사용되는 후속 지그를 위한 핀 배치(pin placement) 및 페그 구멍을 확립하는 데 사용되는 제1 대퇴골 지그를 도시한다.
도 58a 내지 도 58b는 제2 대퇴골 지그를 사용하여 수행되는 원위 대퇴골 절제 절단을 도시한다.
도 59a는 제3 대퇴골 지그를 사용하여 수행되는 전방 절단, 후방 절단, 및 챔퍼(chamfer) 절단을 도시하고, 도 59b는 추가의 절제 절단을 만들기 위한 추가의 대퇴골 지그를 도시한다.
도 60a 및 도 60b는 예시적인 경골 지그를 도시한다.
도 61은 예시적인 밸런싱 칩(balancing chip)을 도시한다.
도 62a 및 도 62b는 경골 지그에 부착된 예시적인 밸런싱 칩을 도시한다.
도 63은 대퇴골 임플란트 페그 구멍의 배치 및 정렬을 확립하는 데 사용되는 제1 지그를 도시한다.
도 64는 원위 절단 지그를 위한 핀 배치를 확립하는 데 사용되는 제2 지그를 도시한다.
도 65는 이전 지그에 의해 확립된 배치에 기초하여 위치결정된 원위 절단 지그를 도시한다.
도 66은 챔퍼 절단 지그를 사용하여 수행되는 남아 있는 절제 절단을 도시한다.
추가의 도면 설명이 하기의 본문에 포함되어 있다. 각각의 도면에 대한 설명에서 달리 기재되지 않는 한, 특정 도면에서의 "M" 및 "L"은 도면의 내측 및 외측을 가리키고, 소정 도면에서의 "A" 및 "P"는 도면의 전방측 및 후방측을 가리키고, 소정 도면에서의 "S" 및 "I"는 도면의 상방측 및 하방측을 가리킨다.
카테고리 | 예시적인 특징부 |
임플란트 또는 임플란트 구성요소(무릎, 어깨, 힙, 발목, 또는 다른 임플란트 또는 임플란트 구성요소에 적용됨) | - 외부 임플란트 구성요소 곡률의 하나 이상의 부분 또는 전부 - 내부 임플란트 치수의 하나 이상의 부분 또는 전부 - 내부 또는 외부 임플란트 각도의 하나 이상의 부분 또는 전부 - 내부 및 외부 구성요소 및 구성요소 특징부의 ML, AP, SI 치수 중 하나 이상의 일부 또는 전부 - 하나 이상의 치수에 있어서의 플라스틱 또는 비금속 삽입물과 금속 배킹(backing) 구성요소 사이의 외부 고정 기구 치수 - 구성요소 높이 - 구성요소 프로파일 - 구성요소 2D 또는 3D 형상 - 구성요소 부피 - 복합 임플란트 높이 - 삽입물 폭 - 삽입물 형상 - 삽입물 길이 - 삽입물 높이 - 삽입물 프로파일 - 삽입물 곡률 - 삽입물 각도 - 2개의 곡률 또는 요부 사이의 거리 - 폴리에틸렌 또는 플라스틱 폭 -폴리에틸렌 또는 플라스틱 형상 - 폴리에틸렌 또는 플라스틱 길이 - 폴리에틸렌 또는 플라스틱 높이 - 폴리에틸렌 또는 플라스틱 프로파일 - 폴리에틸렌 또는 플라스틱 곡률 - 폴리에틸렌 또는 플라스틱 각도 - 구성요소 스템(stem) 폭 - 구성요소 스템 형상 - 구성요소 스템 길이 - 구성요소 스템 높이 - 구성요소 스템 프로파일 - 구성요소 스템 곡률 - 구성요소 스템 위치 - 구성요소 스템 두께 - 구성요소 스템 각도 - 구성요소 페그(peg) 폭 - 구성요소 페그 형상 - 구성요소 페그 길이 - 구성요소 페그 높이 - 구성요소 페그 프로파일 - 구성요소 페그 곡률 - 구성요소 페그 위치 - 구성요소 페그 두께 - 구성요소 페그 각도 - 임플란트 표면의 기울기 - 임플란트 표면 상의 섹션부(section), 절면(facet), 또는 절단부(cut)의 개수 |
경골 임플란트 또는 임플란트 구성요소 | - 임플란트 표면의 기울기 - 예를 들어, 대퇴골 관절융기와 교합하는 경골 관절 대면 표면의 요부 사이의 관절융기 거리 - 각각이 대퇴골 관절융기와 교합하는 하나 또는 둘 모두의 관절 대면 표면의 요부의 관상면 곡률(예를 들어, 관상면에서의 하나 이상의 곡률 반경) - 각각이 대퇴골 관절융기와 교합하는 하나 또는 둘 모두의 관절 대면 표면의 오부의 시상면 곡률(예를 들어, 시상면에서의 하나 이상의 곡률 반경) |
제1 구성요소 골 대면 표면 | 제1 구성요소 관절 대면 표면 | 제1 구성요소 골 절단부(들) | 제2 구성요소 관절 대면 표면 | 제2 구성요소 골 대면 표면 | 제2 구성요소 골 절단부 |
예: 대퇴골 | 예: 대퇴골 | 예: 대퇴골 | 예: 경골 | 예: 경골 | 예: 경골 |
적어도 하나의 골 절단부 | 연골 | 예 | 제1 구성요소 관절 대면(대향하는 연골)과의 네거티브 정합 | 적어도 하나의 골 절단부 | 예 |
적어도 하나의 골 절단부 | 연골 | 예 | 제1 구성요소 관절 대면(대향하는 연골)과의 네거티브 정합 | 연골하 골 | 선택사항 |
적어도 하나의 골 절단부 | 연골 | 예 | 제1 구성요소 관절 대면(대향하는 연골)과의 네거티브 정합 | 연골 (예를 들어, 경골과 동일한 측) | 선택사항 |
적어도 하나의 골 절단부 | 연골하 골 | 예 | 제1 구성요소 관절 대면(대향하는 연골하 골)과의 네거티브 정합 | 적어도 하나의 골 절단부 | 예 |
적어도 하나의 골 절단부 | 연골하 골 | 예 | 제1 구성요소 관절 대면(대향하는 연골하 골)과의 네거티브 정합 | 연골하 골 | 선택사항 |
적어도 하나의 골 절단부 | 연골하 골 | 예 | 제1 구성요소 관절 대면(대향하는 연골하 골)과의 네거티브 정합 | 연골 (예를 들어, 경골과 동일한 측) | 선택사항 |
연골하 골 | 연골 | 선택사항 | 제1 구성요소 관절 대면(대향하는 연골)과의 네거티브 정합 | 적어도 하나의 골 절단부 | 예 |
연골하 골 | 연골 | 선택사항 | 제1 구성요소 관절 대면(대향하는 연골)과의 네거티브 정합 | 연골하 골 | 선택사항 |
연골하 골 | 연골 | 선택사항 | 제1 구성요소 관절 대면(대향하는 연골)과의 네거티브 정합 | 연골 (예를 들어, 경골과 동일한 측) | 선택사항 |
연골하 골 | 연골하 골 | 선택사항 | 제1 구성요소 관절 대면(대향하는 연골하 골)과의 네거티브 정합 | 적어도 하나의 골 절단부 | 예 |
연골하 골 | 연골하 골 | 선택사항 | 제1 구성요소 관절 대면(대향하는 연골하 골)과의 네거티브 정합 | 연골하 골 | 선택사항 |
연골하 골 | 연골하 골 | 선택사항 | 제1 구성요소 관절 대면(대향하는 연골하 골)과의 네거티브 정합 | 연골 (예를 들어, 경골과 동일한 측) | 선택사항 |
연골하 골 | 표준 / 모형 | 선택사항 | 제1 구성요소 관절 대면 표준과의 네거티브 정합 | 적어도 하나의 골 절단부 | 예 |
연골하 골 | 표준 / 모형 | 선택사항 | 제1 구성요소 관절 대면 표준과의 네거티브 정합 | 연골하 골 | 선택사항 |
연골하 골 | 표준 / 모형 | 선택사항 | 제1 구성요소 관절 대면 표준과의 네거티브 정합 | 연골 (예를 들어, 경골과 동일한 측) | 선택사항 |
연골하 골 | 연골하 골 | 선택사항 | 비정합 표준 표면 | 적어도 하나의 골 절단부 | 예 |
연골하 골 | 연골 | 선택사항 | 비정합 표준 표면 | 적어도 하나의 골 절단부 | 예 |
해부학적 특징부 | 예시적인 측정치 |
골수강 | - 하나 이상의 치수에서의 형상 - 하나 이상의 위치에서의 형상 - 강의 직경 - 강의 부피 |
연골하 골 | - 하나 이상의 치수에서의 형상 - 하나 이상의 위치에서의 형상 - 하나 이상의 치수에서의 두께 - 하나 이상의 위치에서의 두께 - 각도, 예를 들어 절제 절단부 각도 |
피질 골 | - 하나 이상의 치수에서의 형상 - 하나 이상의 위치에서의 형상 - 하나 이상의 치수에서의 두께 - 하나 이상의 위치에서의 두께 - 각도, 예를 들어 절제 절단부 각도 |
내골성 골 | - 하나 이상의 치수에서의 형상 - 하나 이상의 위치에서의 형상 - 하나 이상의 치수에서의 두께 - 하나 이상의 위치에서의 두께 - 각도, 예를 들어 절제 절단부 각도 |
연골 | - 하나 이상의 치수에서의 형상 - 하나 이상의 위치에서의 형상 - 하나 이상의 치수에서의 두께 - 하나 이상의 위치에서의 두께 - 각도, 예를 들어 절제 절단부 각도 |
과간 절흔(intercondylar notch) | - 하나 이상의 치수에서의 형상 - 위치 - 하나 이상의 위치에서의 높이 - 하나 이상의 위치에서의 폭 - 하나 이상의 위치에서의 깊이 - 각도, 예를 들어 절제 절단부 각도 |
전체 경골 | - 일부 또는 전부의 2D 및/또는 3D 형상 - 하나 이상의 위치에서의 높이 - 하나 이상의 위치에서의 길이 - 하나 이상의 위치에서의 폭 - 하나 이상의 위치에서의 깊이 - 하나 이상의 위치에서의 두께 - 하나 이상의 위치에서의 곡률 - 하나 이상의 위치 및/또는 방향에서의 기울기 - 각도, 예를 들어 절제 절단부 각도 - 축, 예를 들어 A-P 축 및/또는 M-L 축 - 골극 - 고원부 기울기(들), 예를 들어 내측 및 외측의 상대 기울기 - 고원부 높이(들), 예를 들어 내측 및 외측의 상대 높이 - 지지 표면 반경, 예를 들어 내측 및 외측의 상대 반경 - 외주 프로파일 |
내측 경골 | - 일부 또는 전부의 2D 및/또는 3D 형상 - 하나 이상의 위치에서의 높이 - 하나 이상의 위치에서의 길이 - 하나 이상의 위치에서의 폭 - 하나 이상의 위치에서의 깊이 - 하나 이상의 위치에서의 두께 또는 높이 - 하나 이상의 위치에서의 곡률 - 하나 이상의 위치 및/또는 방향에서의 기울기 - 각도, 예를 들어 절제 절단부 각도 - 외주 프로파일 |
외측 경골 | - 일부 또는 전부의 2D 및/또는 3D 형상 - 하나 이상의 위치에서의 높이 - 하나 이상의 위치에서의 길이 - 하나 이상의 위치에서의 폭 - 하나 이상의 위치에서의 깊이 - 하나 이상의 위치에서의 두께/높이 - 하나 이상의 위치에서의 곡률 - 하나 이상의 위치 및/또는 방향에서의 기울기 - 각도, 예를 들어 절제 절단부 각도 - 외주 프로파일 |
임플란트 구성요소(들)
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환자 특정 특징부를 갖는 임플란트 구성요소(들) | 라이브러리-도출된 특징부를 갖는 임플란트 구성요소(들) |
대퇴골, 경골 | 대퇴골 및 경골 | 대퇴골 및 경골 |
대퇴골, 경골 | 대퇴골 | 대퇴골 및 경골 |
대퇴골, 경골 | 경골 | 대퇴골 및 경골 |
대퇴골, 경골 | 대퇴골 및 경골 | 대퇴골 |
대퇴골, 경골 | 대퇴골 및 경골 | 경골 |
대퇴골, 경골 | 대퇴골 및 경골 | 없음 |
내측 임플란트 기울기 | 외측 임플란트 기울기 |
내측 고원부에 대해 환자에 정합됨 | 외측 고원부에 대해 환자에 정합됨 |
내측 고원부에 대해 환자에 정합됨 | 내측 고원부에 대해 환자에 정합됨 |
외측 고원부에 대해 환자에 정합됨 | 외측 고원부에 대해 환자에 정합됨 |
내측 고원부에 대해 환자에 정합됨 | 환자-비정합됨, 예를 들어 사전설정, 고정 또는 수술 중 조정됨 |
외측 고원부에 대해 환자에 정합됨 | 환자-비정합됨, 예를 들어 사전설정, 고정 또는 수술 중 조정됨 |
환자-비정합됨, 예를 들어 사전설정, 고정 또는 수술 중 조정됨 | 외측 고원부에 대해 환자에 정합됨 |
환자-비정합됨, 예를 들어 사전설정, 고정 또는 수술 중 조정됨 | 내측 고원부에 대해 환자에 정합됨 |
환자-비정합됨, 예를 들어 사전설정, 고정 또는 수술 중 조정됨 | 환자-비정합됨, 예를 들어 사전설정, 고정 또는 수술 중 조정됨 |
삽입물 두께 | 내측 | 외측 |
내측 두께 = 외측 두께 | 오목 | 볼록 |
내측 두께 = 외측 두께 | 오목 | 편평 |
내측 두께 = 외측 두께 | 오목 | 오목 |
내측 두께 = 외측 두께 | 편평 | 볼록 |
내측 두께 = 외측 두께 | 편평 | 편평 |
내측 두께 = 외측 두께 | 편평 | 오목 |
내측 두께 = 외측 두께 | 볼록 | 볼록 |
내측 두께 = 외측 두께 | 볼록 | 편평 |
내측 두께 = 외측 두께 | 볼록 | 오목 |
외측 두께보다 작은 내측 두께 | 오목 | 볼록 |
외측 두께보다 작은 내측 두께 | 오목 | 편평 |
외측 두께보다 작은 내측 두께 | 오목 | 오목 |
외측 두께보다 작은 내측 두께 | 편평 | 볼록 |
외측 두께보다 작은 내측 두께 | 편평 | 편평 |
외측 두께보다 작은 내측 두께 | 편평 | 오목 |
외측 두께보다 작은 내측 두께 | 볼록 | 볼록 |
외측 두께보다 작은 내측 두께 | 볼록 | 편평 |
외측 두께보다 작은 내측 두께 | 볼록 | 오목 |
외측 두께보다 큰 내측 두께 | 오목 | 볼록 |
외측 두께보다 큰 내측 두께 | 오목 | 편평 |
외측 두께보다 큰 내측 두께 | 오목 | 오목 |
외측 두께보다 큰 내측 두께 | 편평 | 볼록 |
외측 두께보다 큰 내측 두께 | 편평 | 편평 |
외측 두께보다 큰 내측 두께 | 편평 | 오목 |
외측 두께보다 큰 내측 두께 | 볼록 | 볼록 |
외측 두께보다 큰 내측 두께 | 볼록 | 편평 |
외측 두께보다 큰 내측 두께 | 볼록 | 오목 |
삽입물 두께 | 내측 | 외측 |
내측 두께 = 외측 두께 | 오목 | 볼록 |
내측 두께 = 외측 두께 | 오목 | 편평 |
내측 두께 = 외측 두께 | 오목 | 오목 |
내측 두께 = 외측 두께 | 편평 | 볼록 |
내측 두께 = 외측 두께 | 편평 | 편평 |
내측 두께 = 외측 두께 | 편평 | 오목 |
내측 두께 = 외측 두께 | 볼록 | 볼록 |
내측 두께 = 외측 두께 | 볼록 | 편평 |
내측 두께 = 외측 두께 | 볼록 | 오목 |
외측 두께보다 작은 내측 두께 | 오목 | 볼록 |
외측 두께보다 작은 내측 두께 | 오목 | 편평 |
외측 두께보다 작은 내측 두께 | 오목 | 오목 |
외측 두께보다 작은 내측 두께 | 편평 | 볼록 |
외측 두께보다 작은 내측 두께 | 편평 | 편평 |
외측 두께보다 작은 내측 두께 | 편평 | 오목 |
외측 두께보다 작은 내측 두께 | 볼록 | 볼록 |
외측 두께보다 작은 내측 두께 | 볼록 | 편평 |
외측 두께보다 작은 내측 두께 | 볼록 | 오목 |
외측 두께보다 큰 내측 두께 | 오목 | 볼록 |
외측 두께보다 큰 내측 두께 | 오목 | 편평 |
외측 두께보다 큰 내측 두께 | 오목 | 오목 |
외측 두께보다 큰 내측 두께 | 편평 | 볼록 |
외측 두께보다 큰 내측 두께 | 편평 | 편평 |
외측 두께보다 큰 내측 두께 | 편평 | 오목 |
외측 두께보다 큰 내측 두께 | 볼록 | 볼록 |
외측 두께보다 큰 내측 두께 | 볼록 | 편평 |
외측 두께보다 큰 내측 두께 | 볼록 | 오목 |
포스트 또는 돌출부 특징부 | 예를 들어, 영상 연구 또는 수술 중 측정치로부터 도출된 상응하는 환자 해부학적 구조 |
내외측 폭 | 환자 과간 절흔 또는 그의 분획의 최대 내외측 폭 |
내외측 폭 | 과간 절흔의 평균 내외측 폭 |
내외측 폭 | 과간 절흔의 메디안(median) 내외측 폭 |
내외측 폭 | 한정된 영역, 예를 들어 최하방 구역, 최후방 구역, 상방 3분의 1 구역, 중앙 구역, 및/또는 다른 구역에서의 과간 절흔의 내외측 폭 |
상하방 높이 | 환자 과간 절흔 또는 그의 분획의 최대 상하방 높이 |
상하방 높이 | 과간 절흔의 평균 상하방 높이 |
상하방 높이 | 과간 절흔의 메디안 상하방 높이 |
상하방 높이 | 한정된 영역, 예를 들어 최내측 구역, 최외측 구역, 중심 구역, 및/또는 다른 구역에서의 과간 절흔의 상하방 높이 |
전후방 길이 | 환자 과간 노치 또는 그의 분획의 최대 전후방 길이 |
전후방 길이 | 과간 노치의 평균 전후방 길이 |
전후방 길이 | 과간 노치의 메디안 전후방 길이 |
전후방 길이 | 한정된 영역, 예를 들어 최전방 구역, 최후방 구역, 중심 구역, 전방 3분의 1 구역, 후방 3분의 1 구역, 및/또는 다른 구역에서의 과간 노치의 전후방 길이 |
Claims (94)
- (a) 대체로 환자의 경골의 근위 표면 상에의 배치를 위하여 크기 지정 및 형상화되고, 적어도 하나의 삽입물 고정 기구(insert locking mechanism)를 갖는 경골 트레이;
(b) 제1 상호 고정 기구(reciprocal locking mechanism), 경골 트레이의 표면과 교합(engage)하기 위한 제1 저부 표면, 상기 제1 저부 표면과 대체로 반대인 제1 관절 표면 부분, 및 제1 저부 표면과 제1 관절 표면 사이에서 대체로 수직인 방향으로 연장되는 제1 두께를 포함하는 제1 삽입물; 및
(c) 제2 상호 고정 기구, 경골 트레이의 표면과 교합하기 위한 제2 저부 표면, 상기 제2 저부 표면과 대체로 반대인 제2 관절 표면 부분, 및 제2 저부 표면과 제2 관절 표면 사이에서 대체로 수직인 방향으로 연장되는 제2 두께를 포함하는 제2 삽입물을 포함하며,
제1 두께는 제2 두께보다 큰, 무릎 관절성형술을 위한 경골 임플란트. - 제1항에 있어서, 제1 두께 및 제2 두께는 각각 제1 관절 표면 및 제2 관절 표면의 제1 접촉 영역 및 제2 접촉 영역의 기하학적 중심으로부터 측정되는, 경골 트레이.
- 제1항에 있어서, 제1 두께 및 제2 두께는 각각 제1 관절 표면 및 제2 관절 표면의 제1 접촉 영역 및 제2 접촉 영역의 상응하는 에지로부터 측정되는, 경골 트레이.
- 제1항에 있어서, 제1 두께 및 제2 두께는 각각 제1 관절 표면 및 제2 관절 표면의 중심점으로부터 측정되는, 경골 트레이.
- 제1항에 있어서, 제1 두께 및 제2 두께는 각각 제1 저부 표면 및 제2 저부 표면에 가장 가까운 제1 관절 표면 및 제2 관절 표면의 지점으로부터 측정되는, 경골 트레이.
- 제1항에 있어서, 제1 두께 및 제2 두께는 각각 제1 저부 표면 및 제2 저부 표면으로부터 가장 먼 제1 관절 표면 및 제2 관절 표면의 지점으로부터 측정되는, 경골 트레이.
- 제1항에 있어서, 제1 두께 및 제2 두께는 각각 제1 삽입물 및 제2 삽입물의 평균 두께인, 경골 트레이.
- 제1항에 있어서, 제1 두께는 제2 두께보다 실질적으로 큰, 경골 트레이.
- 제1항에 있어서, 제1 두께와 제2 두께의 두께 차이가 통계학적으로 유의한 차이인, 경골 트레이.
- 제1항에 있어서, 제1 두께와 제2 두께의 두께 차이가 임상적으로 유의한 차이인, 경골 트레이.
- 제1항에 있어서, 제1 두께와 제2 두께의 두께 차이가 임상적 효과를 유도하기에 충분한, 경골 트레이.
- 제11항에 있어서, 임상적 효과가 무릎의 적어도 일부의 정렬인, 경골 트레이.
- 제11항에 있어서, 임상적 효과가 무릎의 적어도 일부의 밸런싱인 경골 트레이.
- 제1항에 있어서, 제1 삽입물 및 제2 삽입물은 각각의 관절 표면 부분에 대해 상이한 곡률을 갖는, 경골 트레이.
- 제1항에 있어서, 제1 삽입물 및 제2 삽입물은 각각의 관절 표면 부분에 대해 상이한 기울기를 갖는, 경골 트레이.
- (a) (i) 내측 경골 트레이 면(face)과 교합하기 위한 실질적으로 평면인 내부 표면 및 (ii) 내측 대퇴골 관절융기(condyle)의 관절 표면과 대향(opposing)하기 위한 만곡된 부분이 그 안에 배치된 관절 표면 고원부를 포함하는 관절 표면을 포함하는 내측 경골 삽입물; 및
(b) (i) 외측 경골 트레이 면과 교합하기 위한 실질적으로 평면인 내부 표면 및 (ii) 외측 대퇴골 관절융기의 관절 표면과 대향하기 위한 만곡된 부분이 그 안에 배치된 관절 표면 고원부를 포함하는 관절 표면을 포함하는 외측 경골 삽입물을 포함하며,
내측 경골 삽입물의 내부 표면에서 관절 표면까지의 거리가 외측 경골 삽입물의 내부 표면에서 관절 표면까지의 거리와 상이한, 무릎 관절성형술을 위한 경골 임플란트. - 제16항에 있어서, 내측 경골 삽입물의 내부 표면에서 관절 표면까지의 최소 거리가 외측 경골 삽입물의 내부 표면에서 관절 표면까지의 최소 거리와 상이한, 경골 임플란트.
- 제16항에 있어서, 내측 경골 삽입물의 내부 표면에서 관절 표면까지의 최대 거리가 외측 경골 삽입물의 내부 표면에서 관절 표면까지의 최대 거리와 상이한, 경골 임플란트.
- 제16항에 있어서, 내측 경골 삽입물의 내부 표면에서 관절 표면까지의 평균 거리가 외측 경골 삽입물의 내부 표면에서 관절 표면까지의 평균 거리와 상이한, 경골 임플란트.
- 제16항에 있어서, 내측 경골 삽입물의 내부 표면에서 관절 표면까지의 거리가 외측 경골 삽입물의 내부 표면에서 관절 표면까지의 거리와 실질적으로 상이한, 경골 임플란트.
- 제16항에 있어서, 내측 경골 삽입물의 내부 표면에서 관절 표면까지의 거리가 외측 경골 삽입물의 내부 표면에서 관절 표면까지의 거리와 유의하게 상이한, 경골 임플란트.
- 제16항에 있어서, 내측 경골 삽입물의 내부 표면에서 관절 표면의 중심점까지의 거리가 외측 경골 삽입물의 내부 표면에서 관절 표면의 중심점까지의 거리와 상이한, 경골 임플란트.
- 제16항에 있어서, 내측 경골 삽입물의 내부 표면에서 관절 표면의 접촉 영역의 중심점까지의 거리가 외측 경골 삽입물의 내부 표면에서 관절 표면의 접촉 영역의 중심점까지의 거리와 상이한, 경골 임플란트.
- 제16항에 있어서, 내측 경골 삽입물의 내부 표면에서 관절 표면의 에지까지의 거리가 외측 경골 삽입물의 내부 표면에서 관절 표면의 에지까지의 거리와 상이한, 경골 임플란트.
- 제16항에 있어서, 제1 경골 트레이는 내측 경골 트레이 면을 포함하고, 제2 경골 트레이는 외측 경골 트레이 면을 포함하는, 경골 임플란트.
- 제16항에 있어서, 내측 경골 삽입물 및 외측 경골 삽입물은 각각의 만곡된 부분에서 상이한 곡률을 갖는, 경골 임플란트.
- 제16항에 있어서, 내측 경골 삽입물 및 외측 경골 삽입물은 상이한 관절 표면 고원부 기울기를 갖는, 경골 임플란트.
- 제16항에 있어서, 내측 경골 삽입물의 관절 표면 고원부에 대한 기울기는 환자의 내측 경골 고원부 기울기에 대해 환자에 정합된(patient-matched), 경골 임플란트.
- 제16항에 있어서, 내측 경골 삽입물의 관절 표면 고원부에 대한 기울기는 환자의 외측 경골 고원부 기울기에 대해 환자에 정합된, 경골 임플란트.
- 제16항에 있어서, 외측 경골 삽입물의 관절 표면 고원부에 대한 기울기는 환자의 외측 경골 고원부 기울기에 대해 환자에 정합된, 경골 임플란트.
- 제16항에 있어서, 외측 경골 삽입물의 관절 표면 고원부에 대한 기울기는 환자의 내측 경골 고원부 기울기에 대해 환자에 정합된, 경골 임플란트.
- (a) 무릎의 영상 데이터에 기초하여 무릎의 적어도 일부를 전자적으로 평가하는 단계; 및
(b) 상기 평가에 적어도 일부 기초하여 경골 임플란트의 하나 이상의 파라미터를 명시하는 단계를 포함하며,
상기 명시된 파라미터는, 경골 임플란트가 경골의 근위단 상에 이식될 때 무릎의 경골의 근위단에 대해 상대적으로 제1 관절 표면이 제2 관절 표면보다 높은 경골 임플란트를 적어도 일부 규정하는, 환자의 무릎을 수복 또는 대치하는 데 사용하기 위한 경골 임플란트의 제조 방법. - 제32항에 있어서, 환자의 무릎의 전자적 영상 데이터에 기초하여 외과수술적 결과를 계획하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제32항에 있어서, 명시된 파라미터는 계획된 외과수술적 결과를 실질적으로 달성하도록 경골 임플란트의 구성(configuration)을 적어도 일부 규정하는 방법.
- 제34항에 있어서, 외과수술적 결과는 외과수술적 절차 동안의 무릎 밸런싱인, 방법.
- 제35항에 있어서, 무릎 밸런싱은 신전(extension) 동안의 무릎 밸런싱을 포함하는, 방법.
- 제35항에 있어서, 무릎 밸런싱은 굴곡(flexion) 동안의 무릎 밸런싱을 포함하는, 방법.
- 제34항에 있어서, 외과수술적 결과는 무릎 정렬인, 방법.
- 제38항에 있어서, 무릎 정렬은 해부학적 축의 무릎 정렬을 포함하는, 방법.
- 제38항에 있어서, 무릎 정렬은 생체역학적 축의 무릎 정렬을 포함하는, 방법.
- 제38항에 있어서, 무릎 정렬은 대퇴골 및 경골의 무릎 정렬을 포함하는, 방법.
- 제41항에 있어서, 대퇴골 및 경골의 정렬은 대퇴골 및 경골의 선형 정렬을 포함하는, 방법.
- 제41항에 있어서, 대퇴골 및 경골의 정렬은 대퇴골 및 경골의 회전 정렬을 포함하는, 방법.
- 제34항에 있어서, 외과수술적 결과는 무릎의 외측 구획에 대하여 무릎의 내측 구획의 관절 라인의 확립을 포함하는, 방법.
- 제32항에 있어서, 무릎의 적어도 일부를 전자적으로 평가하는 단계는 무릎의 제1 관절 표면과 제2 관절 표면의 적어도 일부의 상대 위치의 차이를 결정하는 단계를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제32항에 있어서, 무릎의 적어도 일부를 전자적으로 평가하는 단계는 무릎의 관절 라인을 결정하는 단계를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제46항에 있어서, 무릎의 관절 라인을 결정하는 단계는 무릎의 관절 라인을 외과적 수술 전에(pre-surgically) 결정하는 단계를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제46항에 있어서, 무릎의 관절 라인을 결정하는 단계는 무릎의 관절 라인을 외과적 수술 후에(post-surgically) 결정하는 단계를 포함하는, 방법.
- (a) 환자의 관절의 특징부(feature) 측정치를 수술 전에 확인하는 단계; 및
(b) 단계 (a)에서 확인된 것과 실질적으로 동일한 특징부 측정치 또는 상기 특징부 측정치의 소정의 백분율을 포함하도록 내측 경골 삽입물 및 외측 경골 삽입물 중 적어도 하나를 설계하는 단계를 포함하는, 하나 이상의 측정치에 있어서 또는 그의 소정의 백분율로서 환자의 생물학적 특징부와 실질적으로 정합하는 내측 경골 삽입물 및 외측 경골 삽입물 중 적어도 하나를 갖는 경골 임플란트의 제조 방법. - 제49항에 있어서, 내측 경골 삽입물 및 외측 경골 삽입물 중 적어도 하나를 설계하는 단계는 컴퓨터 지원 설계(CAD) 및 컴퓨터 지원 제조(CAM)를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제49항에 있어서, 내측 경골 삽입물 및 외측 경골 삽입물 중 적어도 하나를 설계하는 단계는 블랭크로부터 특징부 측정치를 절단하는 단계를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제49항에 있어서, 특징부 측정치와 실질적으로 정합시키는 단계는 삽입물 내외측 치수를 상응하는 환자 내외측 치수 또는 그의 소정의 백분율과 실질적으로 정합시키는 단계, 삽입물 두께를 상응하는 절제된 환자 조직의 두께 또는 그의 소정의 백분율과 실질적으로 정합시키는 단계, 삽입물 외주 형상을 상응하는 환자 외주 형상 또는 그의 소정의 백분율과 실질적으로 정합시키는 단계, 삽입물 표면 기울기를 상응하는 환자 기울기 또는 그의 소정의 백분율과 실질적으로 정합시키는 단계, 및 삽입물 표면 곡률을 상응하는 환자 곡률 또는 그의 소정의 백분율과 실질적으로 정합시키는 단계로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는, 방법.
- 제49항에 있어서, 실질적으로 정합시키는 단계는 환자의 생물학적 특징부의 라인 또는 곡선을 매끄럽게 하는 단계를 포함하는 방법.
- (a) 임플란트를 수용하도록 경골의 근위단을 준비시키는 단계; 및
(b) 적어도 하나의 경골 임플란트의 제1 관절 표면이 대퇴골 또는 대퇴골 임플란트의 제1 관절 표면과 교합하고, 적어도 하나의 경골 임플란트의 제2 관절 표면이 대퇴골 또는 대퇴골 임플란트의 제2 관절 표면과 교합하도록 적어도 하나의 경골 임플란트를 준비된 경골의 근위단 상으로 삽입하는 단계를 포함하며,
경골의 해부학적 축에 대하여 상대적으로 제1 관절 표면이 제2 관절 표면보다 높은, 환자의 무릎에 무릎 임플란트를 이식하는 방법. - 제54항에 있어서, 적어도 하나의 경골 임플란트는 단일 경골 임플란트 트레이를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제55항에 있어서, 단일 경골 삽입물을 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제55항에 있어서, 이중 경골 삽입물을 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제54항에 있어서, 적어도 하나의 경골 임플란트는 2개의 경골 임플란트 트레이를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제58항에 있어서, 2개의 경골 임플란트 트레이 각각에 대하여 단일 경골 삽입물을 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제54항에 있어서, 제2 관절 표면에 대하여 제1 관절 표면의 높이를 조정하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제54항에 있어서, 환자의 관절을 정렬하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제61항에 있어서, 환자의 관절의 정렬을 평가하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제61항에 있어서, 환자의 관절의 정렬을 조정하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제54항에 있어서, 환자의 관절의 회전 정렬을 조정하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제54항에 있어서, 환자의 관절의 선형 정렬을 조정하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제54항에 있어서, 환자의 대퇴골 및 경골의 정렬을 조정하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제54항에 있어서, 환자의 관절의 생체역학적 축을 조정하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제54항에 있어서, 환자의 관절의 해부학적 축을 조정하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제54항에 있어서, 환자의 관절을 밸런싱하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제69항에 있어서, 환자의 관절의 밸런스를 평가하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제69항에 있어서, 환자의 관절의 밸런스를 조정하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제69항에 있어서, 환자의 관절을 밸런싱하는 단계는 신전 상태에서 환자의 관절을 밸런싱하는 단계를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제69항에 있어서, 환자의 관절을 밸런싱하는 단계는 굴곡 상태에서 환자의 관절을 밸런싱하는 단계를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제54항에 있어서, 환자의 무릎의 전자적 영상 데이터에 기초하여 외과수술적 절차를 계획하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제74항에 있어서, 외과수술적 절차를 수행하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제74항에 있어서, 소정의 외과수술적 결과를 달성하기 위하여 환자의 무릎의 전자적 영상 데이터에 기초하여 외과수술적 절차를 계획하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제76항에 있어서, 단계 (b)는 소정의 외과수술적 결과를 실질적으로 달성하는, 방법.
- 제76항에 있어서, 외과수술적 결과는 관절 밸런싱을 포함하는, 방법.
- 제76항에 있어서, 외과수술적 결과는 관절 정렬을 포함하는, 방법.
- 제54항에 있어서, 단계 (b)는 제1 삽입물을 삽입하는 단계를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제80항에 있어서, 제2 삽입물과의 밸런스를 조정하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제80항에 있어서, 제2 삽입물과의 정렬을 조정하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제80항에 있어서, 제2 삽입물을 삽입하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제83항에 있어서, 제2 삽입물을 제3 삽입물로 대치하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제84항에 있어서, 제3 삽입물과의 밸런스를 조정하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제84항에 있어서, 제3 삽입물과의 정렬을 조정하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- (a) 환자의 내측 관절 갭 거리 및 장력을 평가하는 단계;
(b) 환자의 외측 관절 갭 거리 및 장력을 평가하는 단계; 및
(c) 적절한 갭 거리 및 장력을 제공하도록 독립적인 내측 경골 삽입물 및 외측 경골 삽입물을 선택하는 단계를 포함하는, 환자에서 무릎 임플란트의 이식 동안 인대 장력을 밸런싱 또는 최적화하기 위한 방법. - 제87항에 있어서, 선택된 내측 경골 삽입물 및 외측 경골 삽입물은 상이한 두께를 갖는, 방법.
- 제87항에 있어서, 단계 (c)에서, 선택된 내측 경골 삽입물은 상이한 두께를 갖는 2개 이상의 내측 경골 삽입물 중에서 선택되는, 방법.
- 제87항에 있어서, 단계 (c)에서, 선택된 외측 경골 삽입물은 상이한 두께를 갖는 2개 이상의 외측 경골 삽입물 중에서 선택되는, 방법.
- 제87항에 있어서, 내측 경골 삽입물 및 외측 경골 삽입물 중 하나 또는 둘 모두의 선택은 환자의 자연 내측 관절 갭 및 외측 관절 갭을 실질적으로 복원하는, 방법.
- 제87항에 있어서, 내측 경골 삽입물 및 외측 경골 삽입물 중 하나 또는 둘 모두의 선택은 환자의 자연 운동형상학(kinematics)을 실질적으로 복원하는, 방법.
- (a) 경골 트레이를 환자의 경골에 부착시키기 위한 제1 표면 및 내측 경골 삽입물과 교합하기 위한 대향하는 제2 표면을 포함하는 경골 트레이; 및
(b) 상이한 두께를 갖는 2개 이상의 내측 경골 삽입물로서, 이로부터 경골 트레이와 교합하기 위한 하나의 내측 경골 삽입물을 선택하게 될 내측 경골 삽입물을 포함하는, 무릎 대치를 필요로 하는 환자에 경골 임플란트를 이식하기 위한 키트. - (a) 경골 트레이를 환자의 경골에 부착시키기 위한 제1 표면 및 외측 경골 삽입물과 교합하기 위한 대향하는 제2 표면을 포함하는 경골 트레이; 및
(b) 상이한 두께를 갖는 2개 이상의 외측 경골 삽입물로서, 이로부터 경골 트레이와 교합하기 위한 하나의 외측 경골 삽입물을 선택하게 될 외측 경골 삽입물을 포함하는, 무릎 대치를 필요로 하는 환자에 경골 임플란트를 이식하기 위한 키트.
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