DK177997B1 - Knoglemateriale og collagenkombination til opheling af beskadigede led - Google Patents
Knoglemateriale og collagenkombination til opheling af beskadigede led Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK177997B1 DK177997B1 DK200101004A DKPA200101004A DK177997B1 DK 177997 B1 DK177997 B1 DK 177997B1 DK 200101004 A DK200101004 A DK 200101004A DK PA200101004 A DKPA200101004 A DK PA200101004A DK 177997 B1 DK177997 B1 DK 177997B1
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- Prior art keywords
- bone
- collagen
- product according
- product
- membrane
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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Abstract
Et knoglemineralprodukt til anvendelse til opheling af kombinerede bruskdefekter og knogledefekter i artikulerende knogleled omfattende porøse knoglemineral partikler, der er afledt af naturlig knogle og har en krystalstruktur, der i det væsentlige er den af naturlig knogle og er i det væsentlige fri for alt endogent organisk materiale, hvilke partikler på i det mindste en overflade deraf har resorberbare, fysiologisk kompatible collagen II-fibre, hvor vægtforholdet mellem collagen Il-fibrene og de porøse knoglemineralpartikler er mindst ca. 1:40.
Description
KfpfLEMÅTERIALE OG COLLAGEN KOMBINATION TIL OPHELING AF BESKADIGEDE LED
OPFINDELSENS BAGGRUND
Opfindelsens område
Den foreiiggende opfindelse angår området opheiing af beskadigede eiler defekte led.
Beskrivelse af baggrundsteknik
Artikulerende led i pattedyr er dækket med ietbrusk, som forhindrer direkte kontakt meiiern dé modstående knogieo verf lader og tillader glat bevægelse af de artikulerende knogler i forhold til hinanden.
Der har været adskillige forslag til opheiing af skader og defekter i ledbrusk. Disse omfatter implantation af dyrkede chondrocytter på stedet fer bruskskade og dækning af skaden med et coi'agenplasfer.
Undertiden strækker skaden eller defekten i et artikuiært led sig dybere end ledbrusken ned i den underliggende knogle. Der er stadig et behov inden for teknikken for materialer og fremgangsmåder til opheiing af artikulerende led, i hvilke en skade eller defekt strækker sig gennem brusken ind i knoglen.
KORT BESKRIVELSE AF OPFINDELSEN
Ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse omfatter et knoglemineralprodukf ti! anvendelse til opheiing af kombinerede brusk* og knogleskader eller defekter i artikulerende led, hvilket produkt omfatter porøse knoglemineralpartikler, som ef afledt af naturlig knogle og har en krystalstruktur, der i det væsentlige ef den af naturlig knogle, og som er i det væsentlige fri For alt endogent organisk materiale, hvilke partikler på i det mindste en overflade deraf har resorberbare, fysiologisk kompatible collagen Il-fibre, hvor vægtforholdet mellem collagen Il-fibrene og de porøse knoglemineralpartikier er mindst 1:40.
KORT BESKRIVELSE AF TEGNINGERNE
Fig, 1 er en delvist skematisk opstalt af en ende af en sund artikulerende ledknogle.
Fig. 2 er en delvist skematisk opstalt af en ende af en artikulerende ledknogle, i hvilken der findes en defekt, der strækker sig gennem brislen ind i knoglen.
Fig. 3 er en delvist skematisk opstalt, i hvilken en knoglemineral/collagenmatrix ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse er blevet indsat i en defekt i en ende af en artikulerende ledlnøgie.
Fig. 4 er en delvist skematisk opstalt, i hvilken en collagenmembran eller en syntetisk membran dækker en leddefekt; som er blevet fyldt med en knogtemineral/coilagenmatrix ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse.
Fig. 5 er en skematisk gengivelse, set fra siden, af en membran til anvendelse i overensstemmelse med én udførelsesform for opfindelsen.
Fig. i er en skematisk gengivelse, set fra siden, af en anden membran ti! anvendelse i overensstemmelse med en anden udførelsesform for opfindelsen.
DETALJERET BESKRIVELSE AF OPFINDELSEN
Den foreliggende opfindelse er nyttig i forbindelse med rekonstruktion af vævsdefekter, der involverer både bruskdefekter og knogledefekter, især i artikulerende led såsom knæet og rygsøjlen.
Knoglemineralproduktét ifølge den fdrellggendé opfindelse, der består af partikler af porøst knogiemiherai øg collagen li-fibre, tilvejebringer et substrat til indvækst af både native chondrocytter og native osfeocyfter i matrixen med henblik på at påvirke brusk- og knogleregenerering.
Collagen Il-matrixen i produktet ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse giver også det skrøbelige knogleminerai styrke.
Ifølge deri foreliggende opfindelse det partikelformige oprensede knoglemineral produkt til opheling af kombinerede bruskdefekter og knogledefekter, hvor partiklerne i mineralet er i dét væsentlige fri for alt endogent organisk materiale og på i dét mindste overfladen deraf bar resorberbart, fysiologisk kompatibelt collagen 11^ materiale.
Knogler fra slagtede dyr er et billigt råmateriale, der er tilgængeligt i store mængder. De indeholder 50-60% meget fint krystalliseret hydroxyapatit, der er bundet af go I lagendan nende væv og indeholder væsentlige mængder proteinhGldigt og andet stof samt associerede fedt- og muskelvæv. Som flige af dets biologisk dannede krystalstruktur kan det Også betragtes som en meget biokompatibel protetisk knogleerstatning. På grund af dets store specifikke overflade kan det fx også anvendes som adsorbent eller som bærer for medicin med langsom afgivelse.
Naturligt knogleminerai omfatter hydroxyapatit-lignende krysta I liter med en bestemt grad af krystailinitet, voksemåde og størrelse (uregelmæssig pladelignende morfologi, 5-10 mm i tykkelse, 10-50 mm i længde) og overfladekemi, der skyldes forholdet mellem calcium og phosphat (37,5-38,0% calcium og 15,5-19,0% phosphor). I det naturlige knogleminerai findes også små mængder ikke-krystailinske enheder og anden calciumphosphat-krystallinsk fase, herunder mineralerne Brushit og iihitlockit, og octa-cafeiumphosphat. Den uorganiske fase af knogle indeholder porøsitet^ herunder ultrastrukturel le mellemrum (10-100 mm) mellem krysta I literne, der forekommer naturligt og frembringes ved fjernelse af den organiske fase, og mikroskopiske rum (1-20 mikron, herunder osteocyt-iacunae, canalicuii, vaskulære kanaler, Volkmanns kanaler og kanalerne i Haverske systemer (100-500 mm). Det specifikke overfladeareal, som ér et mål for porøsitet, er i området 50-100 m2/gram, bestemt ved kviksølvporosimetri. Knogleminerals krystatiinitet kan karakteriseres ved røntgendiffraktion og porøsiteten og krystallit-morfoiogi og -størrelse ved elektronmikroskopi. Små mængder ikke-apatiiske krys^llfter kan detekteres ved terrnogravimetrisk analyse.
Sammensætningen og strukturen af naturligt knoglemineral kan imidlertid ikke efterlignes af produkter, som dannes In vitro, etter af naturligt forekommende hydroxyapatiter, som er fremstillet tidligere. Der er foreslået to fremgangsmåder til oprensning af naturligt knoglemineral, nemlig ealeinering og opløsningsmiddel-ekstraktion.
Den temperatur, der er behov for under ealeinering til forbrænding af de organiske bestanddele i knoglerne, er temmelig høj. Dette fører til omfattende omkrystallisatioh af mineraldelen med dannelse af meget grovere krysta Her. Det således dannede materiale har en relativt lille specifik overflade. Et sådant materiale kan således ikke let omformes til dannelse af ny knogle efter implantation*: og implantater kan forblive ikke-omformede på ubestemt tid* Selvom dette kan være acceptabelt til nogle formål.
Ved ekstraktionsprocessefne ekstraheres proteinerne fra affedtet knogie med et hensigtsmæssigt opløsningsmiddel. Det resulterende knoglemineral vaskes derefter for at fjerne opløsningsmidlet.
Når organiske urenheder fjernes fra den naturlige knogle for kun at efterlade knoglemineralet, er materialets styrke i begge tilfælde stærkt reduceret, og de individuelle stykker af oprenset knoglemineral er derfor yderst skrøbelige. Dette gør håndtering af materialet vanskelig og kan føre ti! uønskede virkninger ved implantation.
Samme ansøgers tIS-pabent nr, 5.573.771 beskriver et medicinsk knpgiemlneral-produkt, i hvilket knoglemineralet er forstærket med en matrix fremstillet af Type I collagen (collagen I) eller en blanding af Type I collagen og Type III collagen (collagen I og collagen IH).
Collagen optræder i en række former i dyrs krop, og forskellige væv indeholder forskellige andele af de respektive typer. Gøllagensvarnpemateriale, som anvendes i medicin og i kosmetik, er generelt afledt af hud og sener og beståf hovedsagelig af collagen I og/eller collagen III. KnoglecolSagen omfatter hovedsagelig collagen I og collagen II.
Collagen H-materiaiet iføige den foreliggende opfindelse kan ud over i det væsentlige rent collagen II omfatte forskellige andele af collagen I, collagen III og blandinger deraf blandet med collagen II. Collagen Il-materialet kan Fx have iblandet 0,1-10 vægtprocent (fortrinsvis 0,1-5 vægtprocent) coiiagen ΙΪΙ og/eller 1-50 vægtprocent collagen I,
Coiiagen Il-materialet iføige den foreliggende opfindelse kan imprægnere hver af de individuelle partikler for at forbedre produktets hindteringsegenskaber under fremstilling og brug. I dette tilfælde er vægtforholdet mellem collagen II-matérialét og det oprensede knogleminera! med fordel større end 1:40* fortrinsvis større end 1:8 og mindre end 4:1, fortrinsvis mindre end 1:2, Collagen Ilmaterialet omfatter med fordel 1-30 vægtprocent af knoglemineralproduktit ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse, fortrinsvis 5-15% deraf. Collagen Il-materialet trænger gennem den porøse struktur i knogiemiheralet og erstatter effektivt noget af det naturlige proteinholdige materiale, der tidligere var til stede i naturlig knogle, og som, selvom det tilvejebringer styrke, ogsl giver immunologiske vævsreaktioner ved implantation af knogiemiheraiet.
Collagen Il-materialet kan anvendes ti! at tilvejebringe en matrix for det partikelformige knogleminera!, hvorfra der kan dannes formede genstande, I døtte tilfælde er det muligt at anvende collagen II sammen med et geldannende makromoiekyiært stof såsom gelatine. Vægtforholdet mellem det fibrøse materiale og knoglemineralet kan fx være i området fra 1:40 til 3:20, fx 1:10. Gelfasen udgør med forlel fra 2 til 20 vægtprocent af knoglemineraiet, fx 5%. Nar gelatine anvendes som geifase, kan den være let tværbundet, fx raed 0,2% formaldehyd.
Knoglemineraiet er fortrinsvis fra spongiosa-knegle og er bundet til collagen Ilfibrene for at give matrixen fysisk styrke. I foretrukne udførelsesformér anvendes knogleminerai/eollagenproduktet ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse sortn matrix for at regenerere bruskdefekter i artikulerende led, hyør yderligere knogletab er tii stede,
Knoglemineralproduktet ifølge opfindelsen kan anvendes til bruskregenerering i knæ, fødder, rygsøjle, etc., og som omformningsimptantat eller protetjsk knogleerstatning, fx ved ortopædkirurgi, lerunder hofterevisioner, erstatning af knogletab, fx ved traumatologi, omformning ved kæbe-ansigtskirurgi eller udfyldning af periodontale defekter og tandudtrækningshuler, herunder randforstærkning. Det imprægnerede partikeiformige materiale ifølge opfindelsen kan således anvendes tii pakning i en række knoglekaviteter, og dets reducerede skrøbelighed er signifikant med hensyn til at hjælpe håndterings- og pakningsproeedurem
Knogiemineralproduktet/Goilagen Il-materialet kan indsættes i en knogledefekt, hvorefter knoglemineral/cøllapen Il-produktet og knogledefekten dækkes med en collagenmembran til vævsrekonstruktion. Hensigtsmæssige cotlagenmembraner kendes inden for området og kan være en enkeltlaget collagen Il-membran som beskrevet i W® 9S/25961 (US-patentansøgning nr. 08/894.517), en collagen Ι/ΠΙ-membran med dobbelt overflade som beskrevet i US-patent nr. 5.837.278, der har en kompakt, glat, ikke-porøs ydre barriereoverfiade og en modstående blød fibrøs overflade, eller en flerlagsmembran omfattende ét åbent, svampelignende collagen II-matrixlag og mindst ét barrierelag af collagen I, collagen III eller en blanding deraf som beskrevet i US-patentansøgning nr. 09/545.465, der er indleveret len 7. april 20l0 og svarer til PCT/GB98/02976.
I én foretrukken udtørelsesflrm har membranen en ydre glat barrierepyerflidé, som inhiberer celleadhæsion derpå og virker som en barriere; der forhindrer passage af celler igennem len, og en modstående membranflade, som er fibrøs og blød, således at den tillader cellevækst derpå. Ét sådant produkt er Bio-Gide®, som forhandles af Ed. Geistlieh Sohne AG fur Chemische Industrie, Schweiz. Fig. 5 viser Bio-Gideø-produktet med den glatte ydre barriereoverfiade 20 og den bløde fibrøse overfiade 22. Når den anvendes, påføres den bløde, fibrøse overflade på defekten med den glatte ydre barriereoverfiade vendende udad. Bio-Gide®-produktet er beskrevet i US-patent nr. 5.837.278 (ovenfor) og består af ea. 95-99¾¾ collagen I og ca. 1-5% collagen III.
I en anden foretrukken udførelsesform anvendes der en flerlagsmembran som beskrevet i ovennævnte US-patentansøgning nr. 09/545.465, En sådan f erlagsmembran kan fremstilles ved at påføre en collagen Il-opslæmning på den bløde, fibrøse overfiade af det ovenfor beskrevne Bio-Gide®-produkt. Et sådant produkt er vist i fig. 6 og omfatter en ydre barriereoverflade 20 og et matrixlag hovedsagelig af collagen II øg med en åben, svampelignende struktur 24, der påføres som en opslæmning på den bløde, fibrøse overflade 22 og derefter tørres, Når et produkt som vist i fig, 6 anvendes, påføres det åbne, svampelignends collagen Il-lag 24 på defekten, idet den glatte ydre barriereoverflade 20 vender udad.
Som nævnt ovenfor kan opfindelsen især anvendes til regenerering af artikulære leddefekter, i hvilke både brusken og den underliggende knogle er beskadiget. Knoglemineral/co lagenproduktet ifølge opfindelsen kan anvendes til at udfylde et område med knogleskade, og det udfyldte område med knogledefekt kan derefter daekkes med en eollagenmembran.
Por at forøge regenerering kan der tilsættes ekstraeeiiulære dyrkede chondrocytter til knoglemineralproduktet ifølge opfindelsen før implantation, og den ehondrocytfyidte matrix kan derefter i toplanteres under aben kirurgi eller arthroskopisk kirurgi. Alternativt eller desuden kan den implanterede matrix dækkes med en eollagenmembran bestående af collagen I, II og/eiier III eller dækkes med en syntetisk membran. En sådan eollagenmembran eller syntetisk membran kan alternativt eller desuden være fyldt med ekstraeeiiulære dyrkede chondrocytter, Idet membranen påføres over det udfyldte knogieimplantat ved åben kirurgi eller arthroskopisk kirurgi.
Det oprensede knogleminerai kan fx være et produkt som beskrevet i international patentansøgning WO 86/07265 (PCT/GB86/00310). Sådanne produkter kan fremstilles ved omhyggeligt at affedte partikelformig knogle, fx bovine lårben, og behandle den med ammoniak eller en organisk amin for at nedbryde resterende protein, efterfulgt af omfattende vaskning med vand. Et sådant materiale forbliver resorberbart efter implantationen og bidrager til ø m f o rm ni n g sp rocesse n.
let er også muligt at fremstiile oprenset knogleminerai ved caicinering af partikelfprmlg cancer- eller cortexknogle, fx ved 900°C i 24 timer. Et sådant calcineret knogleminerai kan anvendes, hår der er behov for permanente, ikke-resørberbare implantater, fx ved randforstærkning. Efter fjernelse af organisk materiale er knogien i hvert tilfælde usædvanligt skrøbelig, og dens styrke forøges i høj grad ved behandling med knogiemineraiproduktet ifølge opfindelsen.
Nar knoglen skal anvendes som iægemiddelbærer som anført i ovennævnte internationale patentansøgning, kan knoglemineralet hensigtsmæssigt bære ét eller flere absorberede lægemidle- eller andre fysiologisk aktive stoffer. Ifølge én udførelsesform omfatter produktet ifølge opflndteisen mindit ét absorberet farmaceutisk eller biologisk aktivt stof eliter mesenkym-stamceller, som er i stand tii at differentiere tii celler med henblik pi at regenerere brusk eiier knogle.
Fysiologisk aktive stoffer, som kan absorberes pi knoglemineralet, er fortrinsvis i det mindste delvist vandopløselige og omfatter antibakteneiie stoffer såsom antibiotika, fx penicilliner, cephalosporin; aminoglycosider, sulfonamider og især kondensationsprodukter af formaldehyd med i taurinamid eller N-substitueret taufinamid. Sidstnævnte forbindelser kan angives med formlen
hvor RI ir hydrogen eller en Ci-4-aikyigruppe, og R2 er hydrogen eller en gruppe med formlen
hvor R1 har den ovenfor anførte betydning.
Forbindelsen med formlen (I), hvor R1 og Rz begge er hydrogen, er taurultam, mens den forbindelse, hvor Ri er hydrogen, og R2 har formlen (II), er taurolidin.
Disse forbindelser virker som methylol-overførseismidlér og er ikke blot effektive tii at nedbryde både gramnegative og grampositive bakterier, men også til at inaktivere både endøtoxjner og exotoxiner, som produceres af bakterierne.
Andre anvendelige fysiologisk aktive stoffer omfatter proteiner og poiypeptider, der er i stand til at bidrage til knogleregenerering, især ikke-coilagenøse proteiner afledt af knogiematrix og knogleceller. Disse omfatter mitogene faktorer såsom skeietvækstfaktor og morfogene og angiogene faktorer samt transformerende knoglevækstfaktor. Vækstfaktorer fra den naturlige knogiematrix såsom ossein eller mere foretrukket osteopoietin er særligt fordelagtige.
Ifølge én udføreisesform ef et farmaceutisk aktivt stof valgt fra gruppen bestående af knoglemorfdgené proteiner (BMP’ér) såsom BMP-2-8 eller andre skeletmatrixmolekyler samt signalleringspeptider såsom transformerende vækstfaktor-β, TGF-β, TGF-βΙ, vaskulær endotelvækstfaktor (VEGF), insulinlignende vækstfaktor (IGF), pafathyreidhormon-reiaterét protein (PTHrP) og blodpladeafledt vækstfaktor (PDGF).
Produktet ifølge opfindelsen kan ogsi virke som bærer for stamceller, der er prædisponeret til en bestemt differentieringslinje såsom artikufær brusk eiler knogle. Sådanne stamceller kan dyrkes in mtm for at forøge deres antal og påføres pi ophelinisstederne i bærermatrixerne med eller uden vækstfaktorer.
Det er klart, at fysiologisk aktive stoffer alternativt eller desuden kan inkorporeres i det makromolekyiære stof, fx imprægneret gelatine. Dette er særligt hensigtsmæssigt for proteiner såsom de ovenfor nævnte InogSevækstfaktorer,
Knoglemineralét vil normalt være i form af partikler med en gennemsnitlig diameter i området fra Q,i til 10 mm. Partikler til inkorporering i collagen Il-fiber vii fortrinsvis være af spongiosa-knøgle og vil generelt være ί størrelsesområdet fra 0,1 tii 5 mm, fortrinsvis fra 0,5 til 2 mm. Det kan være fordelagtigt for den tætle pakning af knoglemineralpartiklerne at anvende en blanding af tø eller fieré partikelstørreiser, fx fra 0,25 til 1 mm og fra 1 til 2 mm, eller et bredt område, fx fra 0,25 til 2 mm.
Det oprensede knog!eminp|! kart f* opnås ved den fremgangsmåde/ der er beskrevet i ovennævnte internationale patentansøgning. Fedtstoffer kan således fx fjernes under anvendelse af ét ellir flere konventionelle fedtopløsningsmidler såsom ethere, fx dimethylether; ketoner, fx acetone; eller earbonhyd rider eller halogenerecle carbonhydrider, fx heptan eller methylcydohexan eller toluen.
Det kan være fordelagtigt at fjerne et ekstra heri rtgsmiddei såsom toluen ved en intermediær ekstraktion med et vandblandbart opløsningsmiddel såsom ethanol, før man går videre, Collagenmateriale kan opløses under anvendelse af proteolytiske midler såsom baser, fx kaliumhydroxid i glycerin, eller organiske baser såsom aminer, fx ethyiendiamin, eller amider såsom formamid, fortrinsvis ved forhøjede temperaturer. Sådanne midiér er fortrinsvis vandblandbare for at lette fjefnølse ved vasknmg med Vand. Særligt gode resultater er opnået med knogle, der er ekstraheret med ethyiendiamin tinder tillagesvaling.
Ekstraktion kan fordelagtigt fortsættes på hvert trin, om nødvendigt med udskiftn nger af Opløsningsmiddel, indtil der ikke ekstra heres mere materiale, fx i tidsrum på op til én eller to uger. Det kan være fordelagtigt at findele yderligere efter indledende proteinfjernelse, da knoglen lettere brækker på dette trin end før ekstraktion. Efter behandling med base fjernes overskydende opløsningsmidler grundigt, fx ved afdampning og/eller vaskning med vand, hvis det er hensigtsmæssigt.
Materialet Underkastes normalt et tørringstfin, let kan være hensigtsmæssigt at sterilisere materialet på dette trin, fx ved varmebehandling, hvilket kan bevirke yderligere oprensning. Absorption og/elier adsorption af dét fysiologisk aktive stof Udføres fortrinsvis ved at nedsænke det behandlede knogiemineral i en vandig Opløsning deraf, fortrinsvis under sterile betingelser; koncentrationen af det aktive stof er fortrinsvis relativt høj for at lette adsorption og/eller absorption og vil t|| dels afhænge af det aktive materiales opløselighed.
Opfindelsen vil nu blive beskrevet yderligere under henvisning ti tegningerne,
Fig. 1 viser en ende af en artikulerende knogie li med brusk li, som er rask og uden defekter.
Fig. 2 viser en artikuliresnde knogle 10 med brusk 11, i hvilken en defekt 14 strækker sig gennem brusken 12 til knogien 10.
Fig. 3 viser en knoglemmerai/collagenmatrix 16 ifølge opfindelsen, som kan være fyldt eller ikke fyldt med chondrocytter og fyldt i defekten 14 i brusken 12 og knoglen 10.
Fig. 4 viser et collagenplaster eller et syntetisk plaster 18, som kan elpr ikke kan være fyldt med chondrocytter, og som dækker defekten 14, der er fyldt med ny knogPmineral/collagenmatrix 16 ifølge opfindelsen, til regenerering af skaden pi både brusken 12 dg knoglen 10. Plasteret 18 kan fastgøres med et hvilket som helst egnet middel 19 såsom suturer, kirurgiske nåle eller adhæsiv.
Følgende eksempler er kun anført som illustration: EK^iMPEL 1
Bovine lårbensknogler blev kogt i varmt vand, indtil de var rene, findelt til én partikelstørreise på 5-10 mm og ekstraheret under tilbagesvaling med toluen i 24 timer i et Sohxiet-apparat. Materialet blev ekstraheret yderligere med ethanol for at fjerne toluen og derefter ekstraheret ved forhøj# temperatur med en azeotrop blanding af ethylendiarnin øg vand (85:15) i 8 dage med flere udskiftninger af opløsningsmiddel, indtil der i det væsentlige ikke blev ekstraheret mere organisk materiale. Produktet blev derefter lufttørret ved i00°C.
Det tørrede produkt blev yderligere findelt til en gennemsnitlig partikelstørreise pi 0,2-2 mm og steriliseret i en autoklav. Stykker af bovin lårbens-spongiosa-knogie, typisk diameter 10 mm, blev oprenset ved den samme teknik, idet den afsluttende granulering blev udeladt.
EKSEMPEL 2
Frossen brusk fra nyslagtede svin bliv udblødt i koldt vand, grundigt vasket igennem og mekanisk oprenset ffa kødrester, knogler og hårde stykker. Derefter blev materialet vasket i 30 minutter under strømmende vand.
Derefter blev materialet formalet tfe gange i en homogenisator. Den optimale partikeistørrelse ved afslutningen af størrelsesreduktionen var ca. 8 mm.
Bfuskstykkerne blev afvandet ved vaskning 4 gange med acetone* hver gang i 8 timer. Brusken blev derefter affedtet ved ekstraktion 4 gange med n-hexan. Hver behandling varede mindst 8 timer. Forholdet mellem hexan og brusk var 1:10.
Efter affedtning blev brusken kvældet i drikkevand. Forholdet mellem vand og materiale var 10:1. Behandlingstiden var 24 timer.
Materialet blev derefter behandlet med NaOH (5 vægtprocent), idet forholdet mellem brusk og væske var 1:4, og behandlingstiden var 32 timer. Under behandlingen blev bfuskstykkerne grundigt omrørt, Derafter blev basen vasket bort fra brusken. Den oprindelige pH på 14 blev derved reduceret til 9-11. De opløste urenheder blev vasket ud og skilt fra brusken. Den væske, der fremkom efter basebéhandlingeh, blev opsamlet til udvinding af glycosarnihøgtycan,
Collagenmaterialet blev derefter behandlet med stærk HCi (ca. 3 vægtprocent), t begyndelsen ved en pH-værdi på under 1,0. Behandlingstiden var 4-6 timer.
Derefter blev materialet vasket med koldt vand i så lang tid, at pH-værdien steg til 3-3,5. Alle Urenheder blev fjernet, og produktet var en saltfri collagenmasse, der var egnet til fremstilling af en svamp eiler andet coiiagenmateriaiei Til dette formål kan collagenmassen afhængigt af det tiitænkte resultat afgasses, nedfryse? og frysetørres.
EKSEMPEL 3
Den ekstrakt, der resulterede fra basebehandOngen i eksempel 2, indeholdt glycosaminogiycan, base, denaturerede proteiner og salte. Ekstrakten biev først neutraliseret med HCi, idet pH-værdien efter neutralisering var |, Ekstrakten blev derefter behandlet med et fijterhjælpemiddel, nemlig kiséfgur, som havde den virkning, at det fjernede de denaturerede proteiner, 0,5 vægtprocent kiselgur blev indført i ekstrakten og lernet ved filtrering sammen med det denaturerede protein.
Supernatanten blev derefter underkastet ultrafiltrering under anvendelse af en membran med en mølekylvægtsudelukkelsesgrænse pi ca, 10.000 Daltons. På denne måde blev sale lernet, og oprenset glycosaminoglycan var tilbage.
Den således opnåede glycosaminøglycanopløsmng blev blandet med collagenmateriale fra ovenfor, hvilket gav en collagen II-matrix indeholdende glycosaminoglycan.
EKSEMPEL 4 2,0 g collagen Π-materiale fra eksempel 3 findeles med 500 g destilleret vand i en blender. Denne dispersion centrifugeres, og supernatantvandet lernes. Hi den resulterende collagenfiberopslæmning tilsættes 17,5 g granuleret bovin cortexknogle, der var oprenset ved ovennævnte procedure ifølge eksempel 1, efterfulgt af grundig blanding og fjernelse af vand ved sugning (70 mm). Den granulerede knogle har en partikeSstørrelsé på fra 0,5 til 1,0 mm. Efter fjernelse· af vand tilsættes 5 mi afen 9 vægtprocent vandig gelatineopiøsning (tværbundet med 0,6% 35% vandigt formaldehyd), og blandingen sugetørres igen.
Svampemassin Skæres i stykker og tørres i vakuum ved 60°C. Svampestylkerne pakkes i poiyethflenbehoSdere og steriliseres ved gammabestraling.
Claims (14)
1. Partikelformigt knogiemineraiprddukt til gpheling af kombinerede bruskdefekter og knogledefekter, hvilket produkt omfatter porøse knoglemineralpartiklef afledt af naturlig knogle med en krystalstruktur, der i det væsentlige er den samme som naturlig knogle, og som 1 det væsentlige er fri for alt endogent organisk materiale, hvilke partikler på i det mindste en overflade de-af har resorberbare, fysiologisk kompatible collagen Il-fibre, hvor vægtforholdet mellem collagen Il-fibrene og de porøse knogiemineralpartikier er mindst 1:40.
2. Produkt ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at partiklerne har en gennemsnitlig diameter i området fra 0>1 til 5 mm,
3. Produkt ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at det yderligere omfatter mindst ét absorberet farmaceutisk eller biologiik aktivt stof eller mesenkym-stamceiler, som er i stand til at differentiere til celleir med henblik på at regenerere brusk eller knogle;
4. Produkt ifølge krav 3> kendetegnet ved, at det farmaceutisk aktive stof er valgt fra gruppen bestående af faurolidin, taurultam Og en blanding deraf.
5. Produkt ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at det yderligere omfatter gelatine i en gelfase, hvor collagen Il-fibrene findes i gelfasen, og hvor getfåsen omfatter 2-20 vægtprocent af knoglematerialet,
6. Produkt ifølge et hvilket som helst af kravene 1-5 til behandling af en kombineret bruskdefekt og knogledefekt i et menneske eller dyr.
7. Produkt ifølge krav 6, kendetegnet ved, at den kombinerede bruskdefékt og knogiedefekt er lokaliseret i en ledende af en artikulerende knogle.
8. Produkt ifølge krav 6, kendetegnet ved, at det yderligere omfatter en coilagenmembran til daikning af knogiemineralproduktet og knogledefekten.
9, Produkt: ifølge krav 8, kendetegnet ved, at coiiagenmembransn består af et lag af collagen II. IGv Produkt ifølge krav 8, kendetegnet ved, at membranen omfatter et matrixiag, der i hovedsagen er af collagen II, og som har en åben svampelignende struktur, og mindst ét collagenbarriereiag, som har en kompakt glat barriereoverflade.
11. Produkt ifølge krav 8, kendetegnet ved, at barrierelaget i hovedsagen udgøres af collagen I, collagen III eller en blanding deraf.
12. Produkt ifølge krav 8, kendetegnet ved, at membranen omfatter et matrixiag, der i hovedsagen er af collagen IL og som har en åben svampélignende struktur, påført på et blødt fibrøst lag af en collagen I/III-membran, som har en kompakt glat barriereoverfSade, som er modstående til matrixlaget.
13. Produkt ifølge krav 3, kendetegnet ved, at det farmaceutisk aktive stof er valgt fra gruppen bestående af knoglemorfogenetiske proteiner fBMP'er), andre skeietmatrixmoiekyler og signalleringspeptider.
14. Produkt ifølge krav li, kendetegnet ved, at det farmaceutisk aktive stof er valgt fra gruppen bestående af Bl^tP-2-8, TGF-β, TGF-βΙ, VEGF, IGF, PTHrP og PDGF.
15. Produkt ifølge krav % kendetegnet ved, at det yderligere omfatter årti ku Sære stamceller eller knoglestamceiler.
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GB9503492D0 (en) * | 1995-02-22 | 1995-04-12 | Ed Geistlich S Hne A G F R Che | Chemical product |
US6352558B1 (en) * | 1996-02-22 | 2002-03-05 | Ed. Geistlich Soehne Ag Fuer Chemische Industrie | Method for promoting regeneration of surface cartilage in a damage joint |
US5899939A (en) * | 1998-01-21 | 1999-05-04 | Osteotech, Inc. | Bone-derived implant for load-supporting applications |
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CA2379663A1 (en) * | 1999-07-28 | 2001-02-08 | Jamie M. Grooms | Cartilage or bone matrix as a nucleic acid delivery vehicle |
-
2001
- 2001-06-27 DK DK200101004A patent/DK177997B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-07-04 FR FR0108874A patent/FR2812553B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-07-10 IT IT2001MI001468A patent/ITMI20011468A1/it unknown
- 2001-07-16 CH CH01313/01A patent/CH695924A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-07-16 DE DE10134514A patent/DE10134514A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-07-17 JP JP2001216644A patent/JP4958344B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-07-17 ES ES200101664A patent/ES2195731B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-07-17 NL NL1018560A patent/NL1018560C2/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-07-18 RU RU2001119843/15A patent/RU2292858C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-07-18 US US09/906,802 patent/US6576015B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-19 GB GB0117623A patent/GB2367497B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-07-19 PL PL348794A patent/PL208538B1/pl unknown
- 2001-07-19 CA CA2353240A patent/CA2353240C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (8)
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US4516276A (en) * | 1979-12-18 | 1985-05-14 | Oscobal Ag | Bone substitute and a method of production thereof |
US4440750A (en) * | 1982-02-12 | 1984-04-03 | Collagen Corporation | Osteogenic composition and method |
WO1983004177A1 (en) * | 1982-05-26 | 1983-12-08 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Bone-equivalent and method for preparation thereof |
EP0171176A2 (en) * | 1984-07-06 | 1986-02-12 | COLLAGEN CORPORATION (a Delaware corporation) | Bone repair using collagen |
US5573771A (en) * | 1988-08-19 | 1996-11-12 | Osteomedical Limited | Medicinal bone mineral products |
EP0419275A1 (en) * | 1989-09-21 | 1991-03-27 | Osteotech, Inc., | Flowable demineralized bone powder composition and its use in bone repair |
WO1996039203A1 (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 1996-12-12 | Gensci Regeneration Laboratories, Inc. | Modified osteogenic materials |
WO1999019005A1 (en) * | 1997-10-10 | 1999-04-22 | Ed Geistlich Söhne Ag Für Chemische Industrie | Membrane for use in guided tissue regeneration |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2367497A (en) | 2002-04-10 |
US20020013626A1 (en) | 2002-01-31 |
ITMI20011468A0 (it) | 2001-07-10 |
RU2292858C2 (ru) | 2007-02-10 |
NL1018560C2 (nl) | 2003-08-19 |
GB0117623D0 (en) | 2001-09-12 |
ES2195731A1 (es) | 2003-12-01 |
PL208538B1 (pl) | 2011-05-31 |
PL348794A1 (en) | 2002-01-28 |
JP4958344B2 (ja) | 2012-06-20 |
DE10134514A1 (de) | 2002-06-06 |
US6576015B2 (en) | 2003-06-10 |
CA2353240A1 (en) | 2002-01-19 |
DK200101004A (da) | 2002-01-20 |
ITMI20011468A1 (it) | 2003-01-10 |
JP2002078791A (ja) | 2002-03-19 |
FR2812553B1 (fr) | 2004-08-27 |
NL1018560A1 (nl) | 2002-01-22 |
FR2812553A1 (fr) | 2002-02-08 |
ES2195731B1 (es) | 2005-04-01 |
CH695924A5 (de) | 2006-10-31 |
CA2353240C (en) | 2011-09-27 |
GB2367497B (en) | 2004-02-25 |
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PBP | Patent lapsed |
Effective date: 20160630 |