KR20110136798A - 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치 - Google Patents
내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20110136798A KR20110136798A KR1020117020151A KR20117020151A KR20110136798A KR 20110136798 A KR20110136798 A KR 20110136798A KR 1020117020151 A KR1020117020151 A KR 1020117020151A KR 20117020151 A KR20117020151 A KR 20117020151A KR 20110136798 A KR20110136798 A KR 20110136798A
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- exhaust
- purification
- catalyst
- exhaust gas
- purification method
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9422—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by NOx storage or reduction by cyclic switching between lean and rich exhaust gases (LNT, NSC, NSR)
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
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- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/0275—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a NOx trap or adsorbent
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- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1446—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being exhaust temperatures
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2510/0684—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having more than one coating layer, e.g. multi-layered coatings
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- F02D41/405—Multiple injections with post injections
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 촉매 담체의 표면 부분을 도해적으로 도시하는 도면.
도 3은 산화 촉매에 있어서의 산화 반응을 설명하기 위한 도면.
도 4는 배기 정화 촉매로의 유입 배기 가스의 공연비의 변화를 나타내는 도면.
도 5는 NOx 정화율을 도시하는 도면.
도 6은 배기 정화 촉매에 있어서의 산화 환원 반응을 설명하기 위한 도면.
도 7은 배기 정화 촉매에 있어서의 산화 환원 반응을 설명하기 위한 도면.
도 8은 배기 정화 촉매로의 유입 배기 가스의 공연비의 변화 등을 도시하는 도면.
도 9는 배출 NOx량 NOXA의 맵을 도시하는 도면.
도 10은 연료 분사 시기를 도시하는 도면.
도 11은 NOx 정화율을 도시하는 도면.
도 12는 탄화수소의 분사량 등의 맵을 도시하는 도면.
도 13은 NOx 토출 속도 등을 도시하는 도면.
도 14는 제2 NOx 정화 방법으로부터 제1 NOx 정화 방법으로 전환될 때의 배기 가스의 공연비(A/F)in 등의 변화를 도시하는 타임차트.
도 15는 NOx 정화 제어를 행하기 위한 플로우차트.
도 16은 도 15에 도시되는 NOx 정화 방법 결정부 A의 다른 실시예를 도시하는 플로우차트 등을 도시하는 도면.
도 17은 도 15에 도시되는 NOx 정화 방법 결정부 A의 또 다른 실시예를 도시하는 플로우차트.
도 18은 도 15에 도시되는 NOx 정화 방법 결정부 A의 또 다른 실시예를 도시하는 플로우차트.
도 19는 제2 NOx 정화 방법으로부터 제1 NOx 정화 방법으로 전환될 때의 배기 가스의 공연비(A/F)in 등의 변화를 도시하는 타임차트.
도 20은 제2 NOx 정화 방법으로부터 제1 NOx 정화 방법으로 전환될 때의 배기 가스의 공연비(A/F)in 등의 변화를 도시하는 타임차트.
도 21은 증량 계수를 도시하는 도면.
도 22는 NOx를 정화하기 위한 다른 촉매의 일부 확대 단면도.
5 : 배기 매니폴드
7 : 배기 터보 과급기
12 : 배기관
13 : 산화 촉매
14 : 배기 정화 촉매
16 : 탄화수소 공급 밸브
Claims (18)
- 탄화수소를 공급하기 위한 탄화수소 공급 밸브를 기관 배기 통로 내에 배치하고, 탄화수소 공급 밸브로부터 분사되고 또한 부분 산화된 탄화수소와 배기 가스 중에 포함되는 NOx를 반응시키기 위한 배기 정화 촉매를 탄화수소 공급 밸브 하류의 기관 배기 통로 내에 배치하고, 상기 배기 정화 촉매 상에는 귀금속 촉매가 담지 되어 있는 동시에 염기성층이 형성되어 있고, 상기 배기 정화 촉매는 배기 정화 촉매에 유입되는 배기 가스의 공연비를 린으로 유지하면서 탄화수소 공급 밸브로부터 탄화수소를 미리 정해진 공급 간격으로 분사하면 배기 가스 중에 포함되는 NOx를 환원하는 성질을 갖는 동시에, 탄화수소의 공급 간격을 상기 미리 정해진 공급 간격보다도 길게 하면 배기 가스 중에 포함되는 NOx의 흡장량이 증대되는 성질을 갖고 있고, 기관 운전 시에 배기 정화 촉매에 유입되는 배기 가스의 공연비를 린으로 유지하면서 탄화수소 공급 밸브로부터 탄화수소를 상기 미리 정해진 공급 간격으로 분사함으로써 배기 가스 중에 포함되는 NOx를 정화하는 제1 NOx 정화 방법과, 배기 정화 촉매에 유입되는 배기 가스의 공연비를 상기 미리 정해진 공급 간격보다도 긴 간격으로 린으로부터 리치로 전환함으로써 NOx를 정화하는 제2 NOx 정화 방법을 기관의 운전 상태에 따라서 선택적으로 사용하도록 한, 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치
- 제1항에 있어서, 탄화수소 공급 밸브 하류의 기관 배기 통로 내에 상기 배기 정화 촉매와 탄화수소 공급 밸브로부터 분사된 탄화수소를 부분 산화할 수 있는 탄화수소 부분 산화용 촉매를 탄화수소 부분 산화용 촉매에 있어서 부분 산화된 탄화수소가 배기 정화 촉매에 유입되도록 배치한, 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 탄화수소 부분 산화용 촉매가 상기 배기 정화 촉매 상류의 기관 배기 통로 내로 배치된 산화 촉매로 이루어지는, 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 배기 정화 촉매로 이루어지는 하부 코트층 상에 상기 탄화수소 부분 산화용 촉매로 이루어지는 상부 코트층이 형성되어 있는, 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 상기 제1 NOx 정화 방법에서는, 상기 귀금속 촉매에 의해 배기 가스 중에 포함되는 NOx와 부분 산화된 탄화수소가 반응하여 질소 및 탄화수소를 포함하는 환원성 중간체가 생성되는 동시에 생성된 환원성 중간체가 상기 염기성층 상에 유지되고, 상기 염기성층 상에 유지된 환원성 중간체의 환원 작용에 의해 NOx가 환원되고, 상기 탄화수소의 미리 정해진 공급 간격은 상기 염기성의 배기 가스 유통 표면 부분 상에 환원성 중간체를 계속해서 존재시키는 데 필요한 공급 간격인, 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 제2 NOx 정화 방법에서는, 배기 정화 촉매에 유입되는 배기 가스의 공연비가 린일 때에는 배기 가스 중의 NOx가 염기성층 내에 흡수되고, 배기 정화 촉매에 유입되는 배기 가스의 공연비가 리치로 되면 흡수되어 있는 NOx가 염기성층으로부터 방출되어 환원되는, 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 귀금속 촉매는 백금 Pt과, 로듐 Rh 및 팔라듐 Pd 중 적어도 한쪽에 의해 구성되는, 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 염기성층은 알칼리 금속 또는 알칼리토류 금속 또는 희토류 또는 NOx에 전자를 공여할 수 있는 금속을 포함하고 있는, 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 제1 NOx 정화 방법은 상기 산화 촉매의 온도가 활성 온도 이상으로 되었을 때에만 사용되고, 상기 산화 촉매의 온도가 활성 온도보다도 낮을 때에는 상기 제1 NOx 정화 방법의 사용이 금지되는, 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제9항에 있어서, 산화 촉매의 온도가 활성 온도 이상일 때에는 제1 NOx 정화 방법과 제2 NOx 정화 방법 중 어느 하나가 사용되는, 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제10항에 있어서, 제2 NOx 정화 방법을 사용하는 것보다도 제1 NOx 정화 방법을 사용하는 쪽이 NOx 정화 효율이 높을 때에는 제1 NOx 정화 방법이 사용되고, 제1 NOx 정화 방법을 사용하는 것보다도 제2 NOx 정화 방법을 사용하는 쪽이 NOx 정화 효율이 높을 때에는 제2 NOx 정화 방법이 사용되는, 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제10항에 있어서, 제1 NOx 정화 방법을 사용했을 때의 NOx 정화율이 배기 정화 촉매의 온도가 한계 온도 이하로 되면 저하되기 시작하고, 배기 정화 촉매의 온도가 상기 한계 온도보다도 높을 때에는 제1 NOx 정화 방법이 사용되고, 배기 정화 촉매의 온도가 상기 한계 온도보다도 낮을 때에는 제2 NOx 정화 방법이 사용되는, 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제9항에 있어서, 산화 촉매의 온도가 활성 온도보다도 낮을 때에는 제2 NOx 정화 방법이 사용되는, 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서, 제2 NOx 정화 방법으로부터 제1 NOx 정화 방법으로 전환될 때에는 배기 정화 촉매에 흡장되어 있는 NOx를 방출시켜 환원시키기 위해 배기 정화 촉매에 유입되는 배기 가스의 공연비가 일시에 리치로 되는, 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제14항에 있어서, 제2 NOx 정화 방법으로부터 제1 NOx 정화 방법으로 전환되기 직전에 배기 정화 촉매에 유입되는 배기 가스의 공연비가 리치로 되는, 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제15항에 있어서, 제2 NOx 정화 방법으로부터 제1 NOx 정화 방법으로 전환된 직후에도 배기 정화 촉매에 유입되는 배기 가스의 공연비가 리치로 되는, 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제14항에 있어서, 제2 NOx 정화 방법으로부터 제1 NOx 정화 방법으로 전환된 후, 제1 NOx 정화 방법에 의한 NOx 정화 작용이 개시된 후에 배기 정화 촉매에 유입되는 배기 가스의 공연비가 리치로 되는, 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서, 제2 NOx 정화 방법이 사용되고 있을 때에는 산출된 배기 정화 촉매로의 NOx 흡장량이 미리 정해진 허용값을 초과했을 때에 배기 정화 촉매에 유입되는 배기 가스의 공연비가 일시적으로 리치로 되고, 제1 NOx 정화 방법으로부터 제2 NOx 정화 방법으로 전환되었을 때에는 제1 NOx 정화 방법이 사용되고 있었을 때에 산출된 NOx 흡장량과 제2 NOx 정화 방법으로의 전환 후에 산출된 NOx 흡장량을 합계하여 이 합계값이 미리 정해진 허용값을 초과했을 때에 배기 정화 촉매에 유입되는 배기 가스의 공연비가 일시적으로 리치로 되는, 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
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US8701390B2 (en) | 2010-11-23 | 2014-04-22 | International Engine Intellectual Property Company, Llc | Adaptive control strategy |
-
2010
- 2010-03-15 WO PCT/JP2010/054740 patent/WO2011114501A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2010-03-15 US US13/202,733 patent/US8683784B2/en active Active
- 2010-03-15 ES ES10845966.0T patent/ES2508365T3/es active Active
- 2010-03-15 EP EP10845966.0A patent/EP2402572B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-03-15 BR BRPI1012611-2A patent/BRPI1012611B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-03-15 CA CA2755977A patent/CA2755977C/en active Active
- 2010-03-15 KR KR1020117020151A patent/KR101339523B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-03-15 RU RU2011139713/06A patent/RU2480592C1/ru active
- 2010-03-15 CN CN201080015173.0A patent/CN102378854B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2013
- 2013-07-02 US US13/934,080 patent/US9458745B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2402572B1 (en) | 2014-08-06 |
US9458745B2 (en) | 2016-10-04 |
RU2480592C1 (ru) | 2013-04-27 |
CN102378854A (zh) | 2012-03-14 |
BRPI1012611B1 (pt) | 2020-08-11 |
US20120124971A1 (en) | 2012-05-24 |
ES2508365T3 (es) | 2014-10-16 |
EP2402572A1 (en) | 2012-01-04 |
US8683784B2 (en) | 2014-04-01 |
EP2402572A4 (en) | 2012-07-18 |
CA2755977A1 (en) | 2011-09-22 |
WO2011114501A1 (ja) | 2011-09-22 |
RU2011139713A (ru) | 2013-04-10 |
BRPI1012611A2 (pt) | 2018-06-19 |
KR101339523B1 (ko) | 2013-12-10 |
CA2755977C (en) | 2014-01-21 |
CN102378854B (zh) | 2014-06-18 |
US20140007557A1 (en) | 2014-01-09 |
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