KR102619753B1 - 리튬 복합 금속 화합물, 리튬 이차 전지용 정극 활물질, 리튬 이차 전지용 정극, 리튬 이차 전지, 및 리튬 복합 금속 화합물의 제조 방법 - Google Patents
리튬 복합 금속 화합물, 리튬 이차 전지용 정극 활물질, 리튬 이차 전지용 정극, 리튬 이차 전지, 및 리튬 복합 금속 화합물의 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102619753B1 KR102619753B1 KR1020207027893A KR20207027893A KR102619753B1 KR 102619753 B1 KR102619753 B1 KR 102619753B1 KR 1020207027893 A KR1020207027893 A KR 1020207027893A KR 20207027893 A KR20207027893 A KR 20207027893A KR 102619753 B1 KR102619753 B1 KR 102619753B1
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- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- metal compound
- less
- secondary battery
- positive electrode
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 216
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 151
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 135
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 108
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 87
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 26
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- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
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- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 4
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- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- VVRQVWSVLMGPRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxotungsten Chemical class [W]=O VVRQVWSVLMGPRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GINSRDSEEGBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thietane 1-oxide Chemical compound O=S1CCC1 GINSRDSEEGBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
도 1B 는 리튬 이온 이차 전지의 일례를 나타내는 개략 구성도이다.
도 2 는, 실시예 1 ∼ 실시예 7 의 리튬 복합 금속 화합물에 대해서, 탈리 등온선을 해석하여 구한 log 미분 세공 용적으로 나타낸 세공 분포의 그래프이다.
도 3 은, 비교예 1 ∼ 비교예 4 의 리튬 복합 금속 화합물에 대해서, 탈리 등온선을 해석하여 구한 log 미분 세공 용적을 나타낸 세공 분포의 그래프이다.
도 4 는, 실시예 1 ∼ 실시예 7 의 리튬 복합 금속 화합물에 대해서, 흡착 등온선을 해석하여 구한 log 미분 세공 용적을 나타낸 세공 분포의 그래프이다.
도 5 는, 비교예 1 ∼ 비교예 4 의 리튬 복합 금속 화합물에 대해서, 흡착 등온선을 해석하여 구한 log 미분 세공 용적을 나타낸 세공 분포의 그래프이다.
도 6 은, 실시예 1 의 리튬 복합 금속 화합물의 질소 가스 흡착량과 상대 압력의 관계를 나타내는 그래프이다.
도 7 은, 비교예 2 의 리튬 복합 금속 화합물의 질소 가스 흡착량과 상대 압력의 관계를 나타내는 그래프이다.
2 : 정극,
3 : 부극,
4 : 전극군,
5 : 전지캔,
6 : 전해액,
7 : 톱 인슐레이터,
8 : 봉구체,
10 : 리튬 이차 전지,
21 : 정극 리드,
31 : 부극 리드
Claims (11)
- 이하 조성식 (I) 로 나타내는 리튬 복합 금속 화합물로서, 액체 질소 온도에 있어서의 질소 흡탈착 등온선 측정에서 구해지는 세공 물성치가 하기 요건 (1) 및 (2) 를 만족하는, 리튬 복합 금속 화합물.
Li[Lix(Ni(1-y-z)CoyMz)1-x]O2 (I)
(M 은 Mn, Fe, Cu, Ti, Mg, Al, W, B, Mo, Zn, Sn, Zr, Ga, Nb 및 V 로 이루어지는 군에서 선택되는 1 종 이상의 원소이고, -0.10 ≤ x ≤ 0.2, 0 < y ≤ 0.2, 0 ≤ z ≤ 0.2, 0 < y + z ≤ 0.25 를 만족한다.)
(1) 흡착 등온선의 상대 압력 (p/p0) 이 0.99 일 때의 질소 흡착량에서 구해지는 전체 세공 용적이, 0.008 ㎤/g 이상 0.012 ㎤/g 이하이다.
(2) BJH 법에 의해서 탈리 등온선에서 구해지는 세공 분포에 있어서, 200 ㎚ 이하의 전체 세공 용적에 대한 15 ㎚ 이하의 세공의 용적이 차지하는 비율이 50 % 미만이다. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
탄산리튬의 함유량이 0.3 질량% 이하이고, 수산화리튬의 함유량이 0.2 질량% 이하인, 리튬 복합 금속 화합물. - 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,
BJH 법에 의해서 흡착 등온선에서 구해지는 세공 분포에 있어서, log 미분 세공 용적의 피크가 관찰되는 세공경의 최소치는 10 ㎚ 이상인, 리튬 복합 금속 화합물. - 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,
상기 질소 흡탈착 등온선 측정에서 구해지는 흡착 등온선과 탈리 등온선의 히스테리시스 루프에 있어서,
상대 압력 (p/p0) 이 0.7 이상 0.9 이하인 범위에 있어서의, 흡착 등온선과 탈리 등온선 사이의 면적을 S1 로 하고,
상대 압력 (p/p0) 이 0.5 이상 0.9 이하인 범위에 있어서의, 흡착 등온선과 탈리 등온선 사이의 면적을 S2 로 했을 경우에, 상기 S1 과 상기 S2 의 비 (S1/S2) 가 0.8 이상인, 리튬 복합 금속 화합물. - 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,
상기 BJH 법에 의해서 탈리 등온선에서 구해지는 세공 분포에 있어서,
세공경 10 ㎚ 이상 40 ㎚ 이하의 범위에서 log 미분 세공 용적의 피크를 갖는, 리튬 복합 금속 화합물. - 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,
상기 BJH 법에 의해서 탈리 등온선에서 구해지는 세공 분포에 있어서, 세공경이 3 ㎚ 이상 5 ㎚ 이하인 범위의 log 미분 세공 용적의 피크치가, 0.005 ㎤/(g·㎚) 미만인, 리튬 복합 금속 화합물. - 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,
상기 BJH 법에 의해서 탈리 등온선에서 구해지는 세공 분포에 있어서, 세공경이 3 ㎚ 이상 5 ㎚ 이하인 범위에서 log 미분 세공 용적의 피크치를 갖지 않는, 리튬 복합 금속 화합물. - 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 기재된 리튬 복합 금속 화합물을 함유하는 리튬 이차 전지용 정극 활물질.
- 제 8 항에 기재된 리튬 이차 전지용 정극 활물질을 갖는 리튬 이차 전지용 정극.
- 제 9 항에 기재된 리튬 이차 전지용 정극을 갖는 리튬 이차 전지.
- 이하 조성식 (I) 로 나타내는 리튬 복합 금속 화합물의 제조 방법으로서,
리튬 화합물과 천이 금속 화합물의 혼합물을 소성하여, 리튬 복합 금속 화합물을 얻는 공정과, 상기 리튬 복합 금속 화합물에 잔존하는 리튬 화합물을 수세에 의해서 제거하는 수세 공정과, 수세 후의 리튬 복합 금속 화합물을 건조시키는 공정을 갖고,
상기 건조 공정은, 이산화탄소 농도가 300 ppm 이하인 가스를 공급한 로터리 킬른 내부에서 행하고, 상기 로터리 킬른 내에서 세정 후의 리튬 복합 금속 화합물을 150 ℃ 이상 300 ℃ 이하의 온도에서 가열하고, 건조시의 수분 증발 속도 A (㎏/시) 에 대한 외부로부터 공급하는 가스의 통기 속도 B (N㎥/시) 의 비 (B/A) 가, 2 N㎥/㎏ 이상 20 N㎥/㎏ 이하인 것을 특징으로 하는, 리튬 복합 금속 화합물의 제조 방법.
Li[Lix(Ni(1-y-z)CoyMz)1-x]O2 (I)
(M 은 Mn, Fe, Cu, Ti, Mg, Al, W, B, Mo, Zn, Sn, Zr, Ga, Nb 및 V 로 이루어지는 군에서 선택되는 1 종 이상의 원소이고, -0.10 ≤ x ≤ 0.2, 0 < y ≤ 0.2, 0 ≤ z ≤ 0.2, 0 < y + z ≤ 0.25 를 만족한다.)
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