KR102211835B1 - 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 - Google Patents
리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000002153 silicon-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- -1 LiCoO 2 Chemical compound 0.000 description 10
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006245 Carbon black Super-P Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005793 GeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010093 LiAlO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013188 LiBOB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005993 acrylate styrene-butadiene rubber polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007833 carbon precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005466 carboxylated polyvinylchloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001182 laser chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006051 mesophase pitch carbide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000973 polyvinylchloride carboxylated Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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Abstract
Description
도 3은 다른 일 구현예에 따른 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질을 현미경으로 촬영한 사진이다.
도 4는 일 구현예에 따른 리튬 이차 전지의 구조를 개략적으로 나타낸 도면이다.
Si Size (평균입경) |
결정립 크기 | Aspect ratio (종횡비) |
극판 팽창율 (25cycle 시점) |
수명 (50cycle) |
|
실시예 1 | 100nm | 17nm | 4~10 | 23% | 83% |
실시예 2 | 85nm | 16nm | 4~10 | 17% | 87% |
비교예 1 | 75nm | 30nm | 1~1.5 | 31% | 77% |
비교예 2 | 40nm | 23nm | 1~1.5 | 25% | 79% |
비교예 3 | 200nm | 33nm | 4~10 | 26% | 75% |
비교예 4 | 1000nm | 37nm | 10~20 | 35% | 61% |
112: 음극
113: 세퍼레이터
114: 양극
120: 전지 용기
140: 봉입 부재
Claims (12)
- 결정성 탄소;
비정질 탄소; 및
침상형, 인편형, 판상형 또는 이들의 조합인 실리콘 나노 입자를 포함하는 실리콘-탄소 복합체를 포함하고,
상기 실리콘 나노 입자의 평균 입경은 5nm 내지 150nm이고, 장경이 50nm 내지 150nm이고, 단경이 5nm 내지 37nm이며, 종횡비(aspect ratio)는 4 내지 10인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질. - 삭제
- 제1항에서,
상기 실리콘 나노 입자의 평균 입경이 1% 감소함에 따라 상기 실리콘 나노 입자의 상기 종횡비가 3% 내지 5% 증가하는 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질. - 제1항에서,
상기 실리콘 나노 입자는 평균 입경이 5nm 내지 20nm인 결정립을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질. - 제1항에서,
상기 결정성 탄소는 인편형 또는 판상형인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질. - 제1항에서,
상기 결정성 탄소의 평균 입경은 5㎛ 내지 10㎛인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질. - 제1항에서,
상기 결정성 탄소는 인조 흑연, 천연 흑연, 또는 이들의 조합을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질. - 제1항에서,
상기 음극 활물질은,
상기 실리콘-탄소 복합체를 포함하는 코어; 및
상기 코어의 표면을 감싸는 탄소 코팅층을 포함하는 쉘로 이루어지는 코어-쉘 구조를 가지는 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질. - 제8항에서,
상기 탄소 코팅층은 결정성 탄소, 비정질 탄소, 또는 이들의 조합을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질. - 제9항에서,
상기 실리콘-탄소 복합체 및 상기 탄소 코팅층에 포함되는 상기 결정성 탄소는 상기 탄소 코팅층, 및 상기 실리콘-탄소 복합체의 총 중량 대비 30 중량% 내지 50 중량%이고,
상기 실리콘-탄소 복합체 및 상기 탄소 코팅층에 포함되는 상기 비정질 탄소는 상기 탄소 코팅층, 및 상기 실리콘-탄소 복합체의 총 중량 대비 10 중량% 내지 40 중량%이며,
상기 실리콘-탄소 복합체에 포함되는 상기 실리콘 나노 입자는 상기 탄소 코팅층, 및 상기 실리콘-탄소 복합체의 총 중량 대비 20 중량% 내지 60 중량%인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질. - 제8항에서,
상기 탄소 코팅층의 두께는 1nm 내지 100nm인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질. - 제1항 및 제3항 내지 제11항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 음극 활물질을 포함하는 음극;
양극; 및
전해질을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지.
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