KR102175578B1 - 양극 활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 - Google Patents
양극 활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR102175578B1 KR102175578B1 KR1020180140301A KR20180140301A KR102175578B1 KR 102175578 B1 KR102175578 B1 KR 102175578B1 KR 1020180140301 A KR1020180140301 A KR 1020180140301A KR 20180140301 A KR20180140301 A KR 20180140301A KR 102175578 B1 KR102175578 B1 KR 102175578B1
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- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- active material
- positive electrode
- electrode active
- sulfur
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- -1 sulfur-containing inorganic lithium compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 63
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-aminoazetidine-1-carboxylate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CC(N)C1 RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 52
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 8
- YFVGRULMIQXYNE-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;dodecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Li+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O YFVGRULMIQXYNE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910018091 Li 2 S Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007088 Archimedes method Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl orthoformate Chemical compound COC(OC)OC PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinon Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C1=O CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPDFQRAASCRJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCCS1(=O)=O PPDFQRAASCRJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DEXFNLNNUZKHNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-[3-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperidin-1-yl]-3-oxopropyl]-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C1CCN(CC1)C(CCC1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1)=O DEXFNLNNUZKHNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000925 Cd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical group COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910012722 Li3N-LiI-LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012716 Li3N-LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012734 Li3N—LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013043 Li3PO4-Li2S-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013035 Li3PO4-Li2S—SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012810 Li3PO4—Li2S-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012797 Li3PO4—Li2S—SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012047 Li4SiO4-LiI-LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012075 Li4SiO4-LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012057 Li4SiO4—LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015044 LiB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012573 LiSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012346 LiSiO4-LiI-LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012345 LiSiO4-LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012348 LiSiO4—LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018058 Ni-Co-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018060 Ni-Co-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018144 Ni—Co—Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018209 Ni—Co—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical class C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006231 channel black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- PWRLWCQANJNXOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium chloro(dioxido)borane Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])Cl PWRLWCQANJNXOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- RDYMFSUJUZBWLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N endosulfan Chemical compound C12COS(=O)OCC2C2(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C1(Cl)C2(Cl)Cl RDYMFSUJUZBWLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- CJYZTOPVWURGAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;manganese(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [Li+].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Mn].[Mn+3] CJYZTOPVWURGAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004451 qualitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005608 sulfonated EPDM Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015041 whisky Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 리튬 이차 전지의 대표적인 구조를 개략적으로 도시한 사시도이다.
도 3은 실시예 1에서 제조된 양극 활물질의 XPS(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) depth profiling을 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 4a는 실시예 1에서 제조된 양극 활물질의 표면에 존재하는 황(S) 원소에 대한 EDS(energy dispersive spectroscopy) 분석결과를 보인 사진이다.
도 4b는 비교예 1에서 제조된 양극 활물질의 표면에 존재하는 황(S) 원소에 대한 EDS 분석결과를 보인 사진이다.
도 5은 실시예 1, 4, 6 및 비교예 1에서 제조된 양극 활물질의 XRD(X-ray diffraction) 분석 그래프이다.
SO2함량 (부피%) |
가스투입량 (L/min) |
가스투입 온도(℃) | 가스 투입시간(s) | 코팅층 두께 (nm) |
|
실시예 1 | 100 | 1 | 500 | 60 | 100 |
실시예 2 | 5 | 1 | 20 | ||
실시예 3 | 5 | 0.7 | 15 | ||
실시예 4 | 5 | 0.5 | 10 | ||
실시예 5 | 5 | 0.3 | 1 |
미반응 잔류 리튬 함량(ppm) | |
비교예 1 | 4910 |
실시예 1 | 1743 |
실시예 2 | 3563 |
실시예 3 | 3817 |
실시예 4 | 3418 |
실시예 5 | 4134 |
S의 결합 에너지(eV) | 코팅층 성분 | |
실시예 1 | 168 내지 172 | Li2SO4, Li2S2O4(소량 포함) |
비교예 2 | 166.9 | LDS |
Nickel (at%) | Cobalt (at%) | Manganese (at%) |
Sulfur (at%) | Ni:Co:Mn | |
비교예 1 | 89.01 | 5.77 | 3.55 | 1.67 | 90.5 : 5.9 : 3.6 |
실시예 1 | 78.07 | 4.74 | 2.84 | 14.35 | 91.2 : 5.5 : 3.3 |
실시예 2 | 87.88 | 5.19 | 2.87 | 4.06 | 91.6 : 5.4 : 3.0 |
실시예 3 | 88.21 | 5.46 | 3.44 | 2.88 | 90.8 : 5.6 : 3.5 |
실시예 4 | 88.32 | 5.72 | 3.35 | 2.60 | 90.7 : 5.9 : 3.4 |
실시예 5 | 88.87 | 6.03 | 3.02 | 2.08 | 90.8 : 6.2 : 3.1 |
가스 발생량 (cc/g) | |
비교예 1 | 4709 |
실시예 1 | 3477 |
실시예 2 | 3144 |
실시예 3 | 3288 |
실시예 4 | 3677 |
실시예 5 | 3478 |
50th 사이클에서의 용량유지율 (%) | |
실시예 4 | 88.3 |
실시예 5 | 87.1 |
비교예 1 | 81.0 |
3: 리튬 함유 복합산화물
5: 코팅층
31: 리튬 이차 전지
32: 음극
33: 양극
34: 세퍼레이터
35: 전지 케이스
36: 캡 어셈블리
Claims (19)
- 리튬-함유 복합 산화물; 및
황-함유 무기 리튬 화합물;을 포함하고,
상기 황-함유 무기 리튬 화합물은 상기 리튬-함유 복합 산화물의 표면에 코팅층을 형성하며,
0.48 내지 1.50m2/g의 비표면적(BET)을 가지는, 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질. - 제1항에 있어서,
X선 광전자 분광법(XPS: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) 분석 시, 상기 황-함유 무기 리튬 화합물의 결합 에너지 피크가 168 eV 내지 172 eV에서 나타나는, 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 황-함유 무기 리튬 화합물은 리튬 설페이트를 포함하는, 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 황-함유 무기 리튬 화합물에 포함된 리튬은 상기 리튬-함유 복합 산화물로부터 유래한 것인, 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 코팅층은 1 nm 내지 100 nm 두께를 가지는, 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 황-함유 무기 리튬 화합물은 양극 활물질 총중량에 대하여 1 내지 20 중량%로 포함되는, 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 코팅층은 상기 리튬-함유 복합 산화물 표면에 균일한 막으로 형성된, 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질. - 제 1항에 있어서,
상기 리튬-함유 복합 산화물의 니켈 함량은 리튬을 제외한 금속 총량에 대하여 55 at% 이상인, 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 리튬-함유 복합 산화물의 니켈 함량은 리튬을 제외한 금속 총량에 대하여 80 at% 이상인, 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 리튬-함유 복합 산화물은 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 리튬 니켈 복합 산화물을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질:
<화학식 1>
Lia(NixMy'Mz")O2
상기 화학식 1에서, M'은 Co, Mn, Ni, Al, Mg 및 Ti에서 선택되는 1종 이상의 원소이고, M"은 Ca, Mg, Al, Ti, Sr, Fe, Co, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, 및 B에서 선택되는 1종 이상의 원소이며, 0.8 < a ≤ 1.2, 0.6 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.4, 0 ≤ z ≤ 0.4 및 0.6 ≤ x+y+z ≤ 1.2이다. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 리튬-함유 복합 산화물은 하기 화학식 2로 표시되는 리튬 니켈 복합 산화물을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질:
<화학식 2>
Lia(NixCoyMnz)O2
상기 화학식 2에서, 0.8 < a ≤ 1.2, 0.6 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.4, 0 ≤ z ≤ 0.4 및 0.6 ≤ x+y+z ≤ 1.2이다. - 삭제
- 금속 수산화물 전구체 및 리튬 소스를 주입하고 700 ℃ 내지 800 ℃ 에서 소성하는 공정을 포함하고,
상기 소성 공정중 온도를 하강하면서 황-함유 가스를 투입하는 공정을 포함하는, 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질의 제조 방법. - 제13항에 있어서,
상기 황-함유 가스 투입온도는 400 ℃ 내지 600 ℃인, 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질의 제조 방법. - 제13항에 있어서,
상기 황-함유 가스 투입시간은 10초 내지 300초인, 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질의 제조 방법. - 제13항에 있어서,
상기 황-함유 가스 투입량은 0.1 L/min 내지 2 L/min인, 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질의 제조 방법. - 제13항에 있어서,
상기 황-함유 가스는 5 부피% 내지 100 부피%의 SO2 가스를 포함하는, 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질의 제조 방법. - 제13항에 있어서,
상기 황-함유 가스 투입 공정은 상기 리튬 소스를 추가로 투입하는, 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질의 제조 방법. - 제1항 내지 제11항 중 어느 한 항의 양극 활물질을 포함하는 양극;
음극;
상기 양극과 음극 사이에 게재되는 세퍼레이터; 및 전해액;을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지.
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KR102547944B1 (ko) * | 2020-11-17 | 2023-06-23 | 인천대학교 산학협력단 | 황산칼슘을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 양극재, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
US11621412B2 (en) | 2021-03-08 | 2023-04-04 | Sk On Co., Ltd. | Cathode active material for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery including the same |
KR102303213B1 (ko) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-09-16 | 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
KR102317602B1 (ko) | 2021-04-22 | 2021-10-25 | 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
CN113582254B (zh) * | 2021-07-30 | 2024-03-08 | 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 | 一种层状正极材料及其制备方法与用途 |
CN113839023B (zh) * | 2021-09-22 | 2022-07-05 | 东莞新能安科技有限公司 | 一种电化学装置及电子装置 |
KR102767835B1 (ko) * | 2021-10-20 | 2025-02-12 | 에스케이온 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
CN115911302A (zh) * | 2022-10-24 | 2023-04-04 | 天津巴莫科技有限责任公司 | 高镍低钴正极材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN115863607B (zh) * | 2022-12-30 | 2025-03-25 | 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 | 正极活性材料及其制备方法、以及包含该正极活性材料的电池和用电设备 |
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