KR101514605B1 - 리튬 이차전지용 양극 재료 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 - Google Patents
리튬 이차전지용 양극 재료 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR101514605B1 KR101514605B1 KR1020140102252A KR20140102252A KR101514605B1 KR 101514605 B1 KR101514605 B1 KR 101514605B1 KR 1020140102252 A KR1020140102252 A KR 1020140102252A KR 20140102252 A KR20140102252 A KR 20140102252A KR 101514605 B1 KR101514605 B1 KR 101514605B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- active material
- lithium
- positive electrode
- cathode active
- coated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 41
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 11
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 11
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical group CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002042 time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910018119 Li 3 PO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005011 time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 101
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 89
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 84
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 56
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 32
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 13
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910012258 LiPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007607 die coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007756 gravure coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ARNWQMJQALNBBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium carbide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[C-]#[C-] ARNWQMJQALNBBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SWVGZFQJXVPIKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-bis(methylamino)propan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCN(NC)NC SWVGZFQJXVPIKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJLUBHOZZTYQIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[5-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C1=NN=C(O1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 YJLUBHOZZTYQIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006245 Carbon black Super-P Substances 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical group COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910012722 Li3N-LiI-LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012716 Li3N-LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012734 Li3N—LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013043 Li3PO4-Li2S-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013035 Li3PO4-Li2S—SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012810 Li3PO4—Li2S-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012797 Li3PO4—Li2S—SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015044 LiB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012820 LiCoO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010857 LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012573 LiSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012346 LiSiO4-LiI-LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012345 LiSiO4-LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012348 LiSiO4—LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].BCl Chemical compound [Li].BCl BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000131 polyvinylidene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 제조예 1에 따른 인산리튬이 코팅된 Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2분말과 코팅되지 않은 Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2분말의 XRD 분석결과를 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 3은 제조예 1에 따른 인산리튬이 코팅된 Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2분말의 EDS(Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy)원소 분석 결과를 나타낸 사진이다.
도 4는 제조예 1에 따른 인산리튬이 코팅된 Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2분말과 코팅되지 않은 Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2분말의 LiPO+ 파편을 검출한 ToF-SIMS 결과를 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 5는 제조예 1에 따른 인산리튬이 코팅된 Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2분말과 코팅되지 않은 Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2분말의 Li2OH+ 파편을 검출한 ToF-SIMS 결과를 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 6는 제조예 9에 따른 반전지 및 비교예 1에 따른 반전지의 사이클 횟수에 따른 방전용량을 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 7은 제조예 11에 따른 반전지 및 비교예 3에 따른 반전지의 사이클 횟수에 따른 방전용량을 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 8은 제조예 12에 따른 반전지 및 비교예 4에 따른 반전지의 사이클 횟수에 따른 방전용량을 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 9는 제조예 9에 따른 반전지 및 비교예 1에 따른 반전지의 사이클 횟수에 따른 방전용량 변화를 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 10a 및 도 10b는 각각 제조예 9에 따른 반전지와 비교예 1에 따른 반전지의 임피던스 특성을 나타낸 그래프 즉, 교류 임피던스의 콜-콜 플랏(Cole-Cole plot)이다.
도 11a는 충방전 테스트 전과 후에 제조예 1에서 제조된 인산리튬이 코팅된 Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2분말의 표면을 촬영한 투과전자현미경(TEM)사진이고, 도 11b는 충방전 테스트 전과 후에 코팅되지 않은 Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2분말의 표면을 촬영한 투과전자현미경(TEM)사진이다.
도 12는 제조예 5에서 제조된 인산리튬이 코팅된 Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2분말의 표면을 촬영한 투과전자현미경(TEM)사진과 제조예 13에 따른 반전지 및 비교예 1에 따른 반전지의 사이클 횟수에 따른 방전용량을 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 13은 제조예 8에서 제조된 인산리튬이 코팅된 Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2분말의 표면을 촬영한 투과전자현미경(TEM)사진과 제조예 16에 따른 반전지 및 비교예 1에 따른 반전지의 사이클 횟수에 따른 방전용량을 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 14는 제조예들 9, 및 13 내지 16에 따른 반전지들 및 비교예 1에 따른 반전지의 사이클 횟수에 따른 방전용량을 나타낸 그래프이다.
인산리튬이 코팅된 양극활물질 제조예들 | 양극 및 반전지 제조예들 |
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양극활물질 종류 | 양극활물질에 대한 인산의 무게 분율 |
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제조예 1 | Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2 | 0.25 wt% | 제조예 9 |
제조예 2 | Li[Ni0.7Co0.2Mn0.1]O2 | 제조예 10 | |
제조예 3 | Li[Ni0.8Co0.1Al0.1]O2 | 제조예 11 | |
제조예 4 | LiCoO2 | 제조예 12 | |
제조예 5 | Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2 | 0.1 wt% | 제조예 13 |
제조예 6 | 1 wt% | 제조예 14 | |
제조예 7 | 2 wt% | 제조예 15 | |
제조예 8 | 5 wt% | 제조예 16 |
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인산리튬 코팅 유무 |
잔류리튬 량 (unit: ppm) | 비고 | |||
LiOH | Li2CO3 | 총 잔류리튬 | 비교 | |||
Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2 | 코팅 후 | 1197 | 738 | 1935 | 47% 감소 | 제조예 1 |
코팅 전 | 1436 | 2216 | 3652 | |||
Li[Ni0.7Co0.2Mn0.1]O2 | 코팅 후 | 2633 | 2955 | 5588 | 50% 감소 | 제조예 2 |
코팅 전 | 4548 | 6649 | 11197 | |||
Li[Ni0.8Co0.1Al0.1]O2 | 코팅 후 | 2458 | 4325 | 6783 | 50% 감소 | 제조예 3 |
코팅 전 | 5938 | 7532 | 13470 | |||
LiCoO2 | 코팅 후 | 324 | 1134 | 1458 | 54% 감소 | 제조예 4 |
코팅 전 | 598 | 2543 | 3141 |
Claims (23)
- 양극활물질; 및
상기 양극활물질의 표면 상에 코팅된 5 내지 20nm의 두께를 갖는 인산리튬층을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 재료. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 양극활물질은 리튬-전이금속 산화물인 양극 재료. - 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서,
상기 양극활물질은 입자의 형태를 갖는 양극 재료. - 삭제
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 양극활물질은 LiCoO2, LiNiO2, Li(CoxNi1-x)O2(0.5≤x〈1), LiMn2O4, Li1+xMn2-y-z-wAlyCozMgwO4 (0.03〈x〈0.25 , 0.01〈y〈0.2 , 0.01〈z〈0.2 , 0≤w〈0.1 , x + y + z + w〈 0.4), Li4Mn5O12, 또는 Li1+x(Ni1-y-zCoyMz)1-xO2(0≤x≤0.2, 0.01≤y≤0.5, 0.01≤z≤0.5, 0〈y+z〈1, M은 Mn, Ti, Mg, 또는 Al)인 양극 재료. - 제5항에 있어서,
상기 양극활물질은 Li1+x[Niy(Co0.5M0.5)1-y]1-xO2(0≤x≤0.2, 0.3≤y≤0.99, M은 Mn, Ti, Mg, 또는 Al)인 양극 재료. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 인산리튬층이 코팅된 양극활물질은 ToF-SIMS(Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) 분석에서 LixPOy +(x는 1 내지 3의 정수, y는 1 내지 4의 정수)가 검출되는 양극 재료. - 양극활물질, 인산, 및 용매를 혼합하는 단계;
상기 혼합물을 열처리하여, 인산리튬층이 코팅된 양극활물질을 얻는 단계를 포함하는 양극 재료 제조 방법. - 제8항에 있어서,
상기 양극활물질은 리튬-전이금속 산화물인 양극 재료 제조 방법. - 제8항 또는 제9항에 있어서,
상기 양극활물질은 입자의 형태를 갖는 양극 재료 제조 방법. - 제8항에 있어서,
상기 인산리튬층은 하기 반응식들 중 어느 하나에 의해 생성되는 양극 재료 제조 방법:
[반응식 1]
2H3PO4 + 3Li2O → 2Li3PO4 + 3H2O
[반응식 2]
H3PO4 + 3LiOH → Li3PO4 + 3H2O
[반응식 3]
2H3PO4 + 3Li2CO3→ 2Li3PO4 + 3CO2 + 3H2O
[반응식 4]
2H3PO4 + 3Li2C→ 2Li3PO4 + 3CH2
상기 반응식들에서, Li2O, LiOH, Li2CO3, 또는 Li2C는 상기 양극활물질 상에서 잔류하는 리튬화합물이다. - 제11항에 있어서,
상기 혼합물을 열처리하기 전에,
상기 용매를 증발시키는 단계를 포함하되,
상기 증발 단계에서 상기 반응식들 1 내지 4 중 적어도 어느 하나에서 생성된 H2O, CO2, 또는 CH2도 증발되는 양극 재료 제조 방법. - 제8항 또는 제12항에 있어서,
상기 용매는 휘발성 용매인 양극 재료 제조 방법. - 제13항에 있어서,
상기 휘발성 용매는 에탄올, 아세톤, 또는 이들의 혼합물인 양극 재료 제조 방법. - 제8항에 있어서,
상기 인산리튬층은 5 내지 50nm의 두께를 갖는 양극 재료 제조 방법. - 제8항에 있어서,
상기 양극활물질에 대한 상기 인산의 무게 분율은 0.25 내지 1wt% 인 양극 재료 제조 방법. - 제8항 또는 제9항에 있어서,
상기 양극활물질은 LiCoO2, LiNiO2, Li(CoxNi1-x)O2(0.5≤x〈1), LiMn2O4, Li1+xMn2-y-z-wAlyCozMgwO4 (0.03〈x〈0.25 , 0.01〈y〈0.2 , 0.01〈z〈0.2 , 0≤w〈0.1 , x + y + z + w〈 0.4), Li4Mn5O12, 또는 Li1+x(Ni1-y-zCoyMz)1-xO2(0≤x≤0.2, 0.01≤y≤0.5, 0.01≤z≤0.5, 0〈y+z〈1, M은 Mn, Ti, Mg, 또는 Al)인 양극 재료 제조 방법. - 제17항에 있어서,
상기 양극활물질은 Li1+x[Niy(Co0.5M0.5)1-y]1-xO2(0≤x≤0.2, 0.3≤y≤0.99, M은 Mn, Ti, Mg, 또는 Al)인 양극 재료 제조 방법. - 양극활물질과 상기 양극활물질의 표면 상에 코팅된 5 내지 20nm의 두께를 갖는 인산리튬층을 포함하는 양극 재료를 구비하는 양극;
리튬이 탈삽입될 수 있는 음극활물질을 함유하는 음극 재료를 구비하는 음극; 및
상기 양극과 상기 음극 사이에 배치된 전해질을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지. - 제19항에 있어서,
상기 양극활물질은 리튬-전이금속 산화물인 리튬 이차전지. - 제19항 또는 제20항에 있어서,
상기 양극활물질은 입자의 형태를 갖는 리튬 이차전지. - 양극활물질; 및
상기 양극활물질의 표면 상에 코팅된 Li3PO4만으로 이루어진 층을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 재료. - 양극활물질과 상기 양극활물질의 표면 상에 코팅된 Li3PO4만으로 이루어진 층을 포함하는 양극 재료를 구비하는 양극;
리튬이 탈삽입될 수 있는 음극활물질을 함유하는 음극 재료를 구비하는 음극; 및
상기 양극과 상기 음극 사이에 배치된 전해질을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지.
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US14/910,954 US10050261B2 (en) | 2013-08-08 | 2014-08-08 | Cathode material for lithium secondary battery, and lithium secondary battery containing same |
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