KR102473532B1 - 양극 활물질 및 상기 양극 활물질을 채용한 양극과 리튬 전지 - Google Patents
양극 활물질 및 상기 양극 활물질을 채용한 양극과 리튬 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102473532B1 KR102473532B1 KR1020150191324A KR20150191324A KR102473532B1 KR 102473532 B1 KR102473532 B1 KR 102473532B1 KR 1020150191324 A KR1020150191324 A KR 1020150191324A KR 20150191324 A KR20150191324 A KR 20150191324A KR 102473532 B1 KR102473532 B1 KR 102473532B1
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- positive electrode
- lithium
- mol
- metal oxide
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 20
- -1 halide salt Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 5
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229940053662 nickel sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910019683 (Ni,Co,Mn)(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006245 Carbon black Super-P Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000925 Cd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000156302 Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus Species 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006256 anode slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052795 boron group element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052800 carbon group element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000349 field-emission scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl orthoformate Chemical compound COC(OC)OC PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinon Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C1=O CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPDFQRAASCRJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCCS1(=O)=O PPDFQRAASCRJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminium flouride Chemical compound F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical group COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005793 GeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002982 Li2MnO3 phase Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012722 Li3N-LiI-LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012716 Li3N-LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012734 Li3N—LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013043 Li3PO4-Li2S-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013035 Li3PO4-Li2S—SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012810 Li3PO4—Li2S-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012797 Li3PO4—Li2S—SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012047 Li4SiO4-LiI-LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012075 Li4SiO4-LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012057 Li4SiO4—LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015044 LiB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013705 LiNi 1-x Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012573 LiSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012346 LiSiO4-LiI-LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012345 LiSiO4-LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012348 LiSiO4—LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910019440 Mg(OH) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017855 NH 4 F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018058 Ni-Co-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018060 Ni-Co-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018144 Ni—Co—Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018209 Ni—Co—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.[Al] Chemical compound O.O.O.[Al] MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910008326 Si-Y Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006773 Si—Y Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020997 Sn-Y Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SISSCCVTWSROIU-UHFFFAOYSA-M [O-2].[Fe+2].P(=O)([O-])(O)O.[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Fe+2].P(=O)([O-])(O)O.[Li+] SISSCCVTWSROIU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KVBCYCWRDBDGBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;dihydrofluoride Chemical compound [NH4+].F.[F-] KVBCYCWRDBDGBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZKFIPKXQBZXMW-UHFFFAOYSA-L beryllium difluoride Chemical compound F[Be]F JZKFIPKXQBZXMW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021475 bohrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011329 calcined coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
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- NKCVNYJQLIWBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonodiperoxoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)OO NKCVNYJQLIWBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- PWRLWCQANJNXOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium chloro(dioxido)borane Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])Cl PWRLWCQANJNXOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021473 hassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940006116 lithium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CJYZTOPVWURGAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;manganese(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [Li+].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Mn].[Mn+3] CJYZTOPVWURGAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006051 mesophase pitch carbide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052699 polonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021481 rutherfordium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021477 seaborgium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- FVRNDBHWWSPNOM-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Sr+2] FVRNDBHWWSPNOM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001637 strontium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- MDCWDBMBZLORER-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl borate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OB(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 MDCWDBMBZLORER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005609 vinylidenefluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
도 2 및 3은 실시예 1에서 제조한 양극 활물질에 대한 XRD(X-ray diffraction) 스펙트럼이다.
도 4a 및 4b는 비교예 1에서 제조한 양극 활물질을 관찰한 FESEM(Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope) 사진이다.
도 5a 및 5b는 실시예 1에서 제조한 양극 활물질을 관찰한 FESEM 사진이다.
도 6은 비교예 1 및 실시예 1에서 제조한 리튬 전지의 사이클별 방전용량을 나타낸 것이다.
도 7은 비교예 1 및 실시예 1에서 제조한 리튬 전지의 열안정성 평가 결과를 보여주는 그래프이다.
도 8은 실시예 4에서 제조한 리튬 전지의 열안정성 평가 결과를 보여주는 그래프이다.
도 9는 실시예 5에서 제조한 리튬 전지의 열안정성 평가 결과를 보여주는 그래프이다.
도 10은 양극 활물질 내 Li2MnO3 함량에 따른 금속 양이온의 도핑 효과를 보여주는 DSC 분석 결과를 나타낸다.
Sample Name |
1st cycle | Rate 특성 | ||||||||
0.1C Cha (mAh/g) |
0.1C Dis (mAh/g) |
I.E. (%) |
0.2C Dis (mAh/g) |
0.33C Dis (mAh/g) |
1C Dis (mAh/g) |
2C Dis (mAh/g) |
3C Dis (mAh/g) |
2C/0.2C (%) |
3C/0.33C (%) |
|
비교예 1 | 227 | 214 | 94.6% | 211 | 208 | 199 | 192 | 187 | 90.7% | 89.9% |
실시예 1 | 226 | 214 | 94.5% | 210 | 207 | 198 | 191 | 187 | 90.7% | 90.3% |
20: 쉘
30: 리튬 전지
22: 음극
23: 양극
24: 세퍼레이터
25: 전지 용기
26: 봉입 부재
Claims (14)
- 금속 양이온이 도핑되고, 20 몰% 이내의 Li2MO3 (여기서, M은 평균 산화수 +4를 가지는, 4주기 및 5주기 전이금속에서 선택되는 적어도 하나의 금속임) 상이 복합화되어 있는 과리튬화된(overlithiated) 리튬 전이금속 산화물을 포함하며, 상기 과리튬화된 리튬 전이금속 산화물은 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 양극 활물질:
[화학식 1]
xLi2MO3-(1-x)LiNi1-a-bM'aM"bO2
상기 식에서,
M은 평균 산화수 +4를 가지는, 4주기 및 5주기 전이금속에서 선택되는 적어도 하나의 금속이고,
M'는 평균 산화수 +3을 가지는, 4주기 및 5주기 전이금속에서 선택되는 적어도 하나의 금속이고,
M"는 M'와 상이하고, Al, Mg, Ga, Ti, V, Zn, Cu, Cr, V, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, 및 In 중 적어도 하나의 금속 양이온이고,
0<x≤0.2; 0<a<1 및 0.001≤b≤0.1 이고, 단 0.7≤1-a-b<1 이다.. - 삭제
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 금속 양이온은 상기 과리튬화된 리튬 전이금속 산화물 1몰 기준으로 0.1몰% 내지 5몰% 범위로 도핑된 양극 활물질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 M은 Mn, Ti, Zr, Sn, 및 Mo 중 적어도 하나인 양극 활물질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 과리튬화된 리튬 전이금속 산화물 내에 포함된 리튬을 제외한 금속 원자 총몰을 기준으로 니켈의 함량이 적어도 70 몰% 내지 99 몰%인 양극 활물질. - 제5항에 있어서,
상기 과리튬화된 리튬 전이금속 산화물 내에 포함된 리튬을 제외한 금속 원자 총몰을 기준으로 니켈의 함량이 70 몰% 내지 90 몰%인 양극 활물질. - 삭제
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 M은 Mn, Ti, Zr, Sn, 및 Mo 중 적어도 하나이고,
상기 M'은 Co, Mn, Fe, Al, Mg, Zn, Cu, Cr, V 및 Nb 중 적어도 하나이고,
상기 M"는 상기 M'와 상이하고, Al, Mg, Ga, Ti, V, Zn, Cu, Cr, V, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, 및 In 중 적어도 하나의 금속 양이온인 양극 활물질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 과리튬화된 리튬 전이금속 산화물은 하기 화학식 2로 표시되는 양극 활물질:
[화학식 2]
xLi2MnO3-(1-x)LiNi1-a'-a"-bCoa'Mna" M"bO2
상기 식에서,
M"는 Al, Mg, Ga, Ti, V, Zn, Cu, Cr, V, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, 및 In 중 적어도 하나의 금속 양이온이고,
0<x≤0.2; 0<a'<1, 0<a"<1 및 0.001≤b≤0.1이고, 단 0.7≤1-a'-a'-b<1 이다. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 과리튬화된 리튬 전이금속 산화물이 불소로 더 도핑되어 있는 양극 활물질. - 제10항에 있어서,
상기 과리튬화된 리튬 전이금속 산화물은 하기 화학식 3으로 표시되는 양극 활물질:
[화학식 3]
xLi2MnO3-δFδ-(1-x)LiNi1-a'-a"-bCoa'Mna" M"bO2-δ'Fδ'
상기 식에서,
M"는 Al, Mg, Ga, Ti, V, Zn, Cu, Cr, V, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, 및 In 중 적어도 하나의 금속 양이온이고,
0<x≤0.2; 0<a'<1, 0<a"<1 및 0.001≤b≤0.1이고, 단 0.7≤1-a'-a'-b<1 이며; 0<δ+δ'<0.1이다. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 과리튬화된 리튬 전이금속 산화물은 평균입경이 10nm 내지 500㎛인 입자인 양극 활물질. - 제1항, 제3항 내지 제6항 및 제8항 내지 제12항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 양극 활물질을 포함하는 양극.
- 제13항에 따른 양극을 포함하는 리튬 전지.
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