KR100317404B1 - 나노구조의전극막을포함하는전기화학적셀또는분석물센서 - Google Patents
나노구조의전극막을포함하는전기화학적셀또는분석물센서 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR100317404B1 KR100317404B1 KR1019950702573A KR19950702573A KR100317404B1 KR 100317404 B1 KR100317404 B1 KR 100317404B1 KR 1019950702573 A KR1019950702573 A KR 1019950702573A KR 19950702573 A KR19950702573 A KR 19950702573A KR 100317404 B1 KR100317404 B1 KR 100317404B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- nanostructured
- members
- electrode
- electrolyte
- encapsulant
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000012491 analyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000008393 encapsulating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 47
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 38
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 97
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 45
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 41
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 34
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 32
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 29
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 29
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 28
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 25
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 17
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 8
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001120 nichrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 3,5-xylyl Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZZSIDSMUTXFKNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N perylene red Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)C)=C1N(C(=O)C=1C2=C3C4=C(OC=5C=CC=CC=5)C=1)C(=O)C2=CC(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)=C3C(C(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)=CC1=C2C(C(N(C=3C(=CC=CC=3C(C)C)C(C)C)C1=O)=O)=C1)=C2C4=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 ZZSIDSMUTXFKNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005547 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- HNXQXTQTPAJEJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminopteridin-4-ol Chemical compound C1=CN=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=N1 HNXQXTQTPAJEJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WLLGXSLBOPFWQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N MGK 264 Chemical compound C1=CC2CC1C1C2C(=O)N(CC(CC)CCCC)C1=O WLLGXSLBOPFWQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- VPUGDVKSAQVFFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N coronene Chemical compound C1=C(C2=C34)C=CC3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=C4C3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=C2C3=C1 VPUGDVKSAQVFFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012799 electrically-conductive coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 description 2
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical class [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 2
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KNIUHBNRWZGIQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-diethoxyphosphinothioyloxy-4-methylchromen-2-one Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)OC2=CC(OP(=S)(OCC)OCC)=CC=C21 KNIUHBNRWZGIQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002396 Polyurea Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical group [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004830 Super Glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001361 White metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKUXAQIIEYXACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aciclovir Chemical compound N1C(N)=NC(=O)C2=C1N(COCCO)C=N2 MKUXAQIIEYXACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015241 bacon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012975 dibutyltin dilaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- FGBJXOREULPLGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl cyanoacrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(=C)C#N FGBJXOREULPLGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical compound [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002103 nanocoating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002120 nanofilm Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001483 poly(ethyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000052 poly(p-xylylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003223 poly(pyromellitimide-1,4-diphenyl ether) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008279 sol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000807 solvent casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002061 vacuum sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010969 white metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000166 zirconium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEHFSLREWWMLPU-UHFFFAOYSA-B zirconium(4+);tetraphosphate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[Zr+4].[Zr+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LEHFSLREWWMLPU-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
- G01N27/49—Systems involving the determination of the current at a single specific value, or small range of values, of applied voltage for producing selective measurement of one or more particular ionic species
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/404—Cells with anode, cathode and cell electrolyte on the same side of a permeable membrane which separates them from the sample fluid, e.g. Clark-type oxygen sensors
- G01N27/4045—Cells with anode, cathode and cell electrolyte on the same side of a permeable membrane which separates them from the sample fluid, e.g. Clark-type oxygen sensors for gases other than oxygen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82B—NANOSTRUCTURES FORMED BY MANIPULATION OF INDIVIDUAL ATOMS, MOLECULES, OR LIMITED COLLECTIONS OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES AS DISCRETE UNITS; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- B82B1/00—Nanostructures formed by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- (a) 제 1 군의 나노 구조의 부재들이 내부에 매립된 제 1 캡슐화제 층을 포함하되, 상기 각 나노 구조 부재들의 하나의 말단부는 제 1 캡슐화제 층내에 매립되고, 다른 말단부는 제 1 캡슐화제 층의 제 1 표면과 동일공간을 차지함으로써 상기 제 1 표면이 전도성 표면을 구성하는 작업 전극;(b) 제 2 군의 나노 구조의 부재들이 내부에 매립된 제 2 캡슐화제 층을 포함하되, 상기 각 나노 구조 부재들의 하나의 말단부는 제 2 캡슐화제 층내에 매립되고, 다른 말단부는 제 2 캡슐화제 층의 제 1 표면과 동일공간을 차지함으로써 상기 제 1 표면이 전도성 표면을 구성하는 반대 전극; 및(c) 상기 작업 전극과 반대 전극의 제 1 및 제 2 군의 나노 구조의 부재들의 전도성 표면과 밀접하게 접촉하는 하나 이상의 전해질을 포함하는 전기 화학적 셀.
- (a) 제 1 캡슐화제 내에 매립된 제 1 군의 나노 구조의 부재들을 포함하며, 전도성 표면과 비전도성 표면을 갖는 제 1 의 나노 구조의 전극 막;(b) 전해질: 및(c) 제 2 캡슐화제 내에 매립된 제 2 군의 나노 구조의 부재들을 포함하며, 전도성 표면과 비전도성 표면을 갖는 제 2 의 나노 구조의 전극 막을 순서대로 포함하며, 상기 제 1 및 제 2 막의 전기 화학적으로 활성인 표면이 상기 전해질과 밀접하게 접촉하여 있는 분석물 센서.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,제 1 및 제 2 군의 나노 구조의 부재들중 일군 이상이 전기 전도성 물질로 코팅된 휘스커를 포함하는 초현미경적 2-성분 구조물인, 전기 화학적 셀 또는 분석물 센서.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,제 1 및 제 2 군의 나노 구조의 부재들중 일군 이상이 전기 전도성 물질의 초현미경적 1-성분 구조물인, 전기 화학적 셀 또는 분석물 센서.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,제 1 및 제 2 캡슐화제의 투과성이 상이한, 전기 화학적 셀 또는 분석물 센서.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,제 3 군의 나노 구조의 부재들이 내부에 매립된 제 3 의 캡슐화제를 함유하는 기준 전극을 추가로 포함하는, 전기 화학적 셀 또는 분석물 센서.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,전해질이 비-고형 전해질인, 전기 화학적 셀 또는 분석물 센서.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,전해질이 고형 전해질인, 전기 화학적 셀 또는 분석물 센서.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,상기 두 군의 나노 구조의 부재들 모두가 전기 전도성 물질로 코팅된 휘스커를 포함하는 초현미경적 2-성분 구조물인, 전기 화학적 셀 또는 분석물 센서.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,상기 두 군의 나노 구조의 부재들 모두가 전기 전도성 물질의 초현미경적 1-성분구조물인, 전기 화학적 셀 또는 분석물 센서.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/995891 | 1992-12-23 | ||
US07/995,891 US5338430A (en) | 1992-12-23 | 1992-12-23 | Nanostructured electrode membranes |
PCT/US1993/011814 WO1994015210A1 (en) | 1992-12-23 | 1993-12-07 | Nanostructured electrode membranes |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR950704684A KR950704684A (ko) | 1995-11-20 |
KR100317404B1 true KR100317404B1 (ko) | 2002-07-03 |
Family
ID=25542324
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1019950702573A KR100317404B1 (ko) | 1992-12-23 | 1993-12-07 | 나노구조의전극막을포함하는전기화학적셀또는분석물센서 |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5338430A (ko) |
EP (1) | EP0676050B1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP3419777B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR100317404B1 (ko) |
CN (1) | CN1065075C (ko) |
BR (1) | BR9307723A (ko) |
CA (1) | CA2150833C (ko) |
CZ (1) | CZ287286B6 (ko) |
DE (1) | DE69327799T2 (ko) |
ES (1) | ES2144509T3 (ko) |
IL (1) | IL107988A (ko) |
MX (1) | MX9308021A (ko) |
SG (1) | SG49009A1 (ko) |
WO (1) | WO1994015210A1 (ko) |
Families Citing this family (175)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5364654A (en) * | 1990-06-14 | 1994-11-15 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Process for production of a thin film electrode and an electroluminescence device |
US5962863A (en) * | 1993-09-09 | 1999-10-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Laterally disposed nanostructures of silicon on an insulating substrate |
US5508509A (en) * | 1993-11-30 | 1996-04-16 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Sensing elements and methods for uniformly making individual sensing elements |
US5824622A (en) * | 1994-01-12 | 1998-10-20 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Porous microcomposite of perfluorinated ion-exchange polymer and metal oxide, a network of silica, or a network of metal oxide and silica derived via a sol-gel process |
US5916837A (en) * | 1994-01-12 | 1999-06-29 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Porous microcomposite of metal cation exchanged perfluorinated ion-exchanged polymer and network of metal oxide, silica or metal oxide and silica |
JPH10507831A (ja) * | 1994-10-24 | 1998-07-28 | ミネソタ マイニング アンド マニュファクチャリング カンパニー | 拡散バリアを有する化学センサー |
US5659296A (en) * | 1994-10-24 | 1997-08-19 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Exposure indicating apparatus |
US5666949A (en) * | 1994-10-24 | 1997-09-16 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Exposure indicator with continuous alarm signal indicating multiple conditions |
DE4445359A1 (de) * | 1994-12-20 | 1996-06-27 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Sensor zum Nachweis von brennbaren Gasen |
DE19515524C2 (de) * | 1995-04-27 | 1999-09-09 | Private Uni Witten Herdecke Gm | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum fortlaufenden Nachweis wenigstens einer Substanz in einem gasförmigen oder flüssigen Gemisch mittels einer Sensorelektrode |
US5674592A (en) * | 1995-05-04 | 1997-10-07 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Functionalized nanostructured films |
US5709943A (en) * | 1995-05-04 | 1998-01-20 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Biological adsorption supports |
DE19606612A1 (de) * | 1996-02-22 | 1997-08-28 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Elektrolyt-Gasdiffusionselektroden-Einheit |
DE19781639B4 (de) * | 1996-03-15 | 2010-06-02 | Mine Safety Appliances Co. | Elektrochemischer Sensor mit einem nichtwäßrigen Elektrolytensystem |
WO1997036625A1 (de) | 1996-04-02 | 1997-10-09 | Disetronic Licensing Ag | Injektionsgerät |
WO1997043117A1 (en) | 1996-05-16 | 1997-11-20 | Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. | Low temperature material bonding technique |
US5726524A (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1998-03-10 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Field emission device having nanostructured emitters |
EP0848624B1 (de) * | 1996-07-05 | 2005-10-26 | Tecpharma Licensing AG | Injektionsgerät zum injizieren von flüssigkeit |
DK0848623T3 (da) | 1996-07-05 | 2004-02-16 | Tecpharma Licensing Ag | Injektionsapparat til injicering af væske |
US5905000A (en) * | 1996-09-03 | 1999-05-18 | Nanomaterials Research Corporation | Nanostructured ion conducting solid electrolytes |
US6344271B1 (en) * | 1998-11-06 | 2002-02-05 | Nanoenergy Corporation | Materials and products using nanostructured non-stoichiometric substances |
US6933331B2 (en) | 1998-05-22 | 2005-08-23 | Nanoproducts Corporation | Nanotechnology for drug delivery, contrast agents and biomedical implants |
DE19717107B4 (de) | 1997-04-23 | 2005-06-23 | Disetronic Licensing Ag | System aus Behältnis und Antriebsvorrichtung für einen Kolben, der in dem ein Medikamentfluid enthaltenden Behältnis gehalten ist |
CN101442741B (zh) | 1997-04-24 | 2011-04-13 | 株式会社Ntt都科摩 | 移动通信方法和移动通信系统 |
DE19740187C1 (de) * | 1997-09-12 | 1999-04-15 | Disetronic Licensing Ag | Vorrichtung zur dosierten Ausschüttung eines injizierbaren Produkts |
US5879828A (en) * | 1997-10-10 | 1999-03-09 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Membrane electrode assembly |
US5910378A (en) * | 1997-10-10 | 1999-06-08 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Membrane electrode assemblies |
US5879827A (en) * | 1997-10-10 | 1999-03-09 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Catalyst for membrane electrode assembly and method of making |
US6042959A (en) | 1997-10-10 | 2000-03-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Membrane electrode assembly and method of its manufacture |
US6136412A (en) * | 1997-10-10 | 2000-10-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Microtextured catalyst transfer substrate |
DE19744857A1 (de) * | 1997-10-10 | 1999-05-06 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Nanokristalliner Sensor und Herstellungsverfahren |
US6514453B2 (en) | 1997-10-21 | 2003-02-04 | Nanoproducts Corporation | Thermal sensors prepared from nanostructureed powders |
DE19821933C1 (de) | 1998-05-15 | 1999-11-11 | Disetronic Licensing Ag | Vorrichtung zur Verabreichung eines injizierbaren Produkts |
US6290679B1 (en) | 1999-05-14 | 2001-09-18 | Disetronic Licensing Ag | Device for metered administration of an injectable product |
DE19822031C2 (de) | 1998-05-15 | 2000-03-23 | Disetronic Licensing Ag | Autoinjektionsgerät |
EP1117991A4 (en) * | 1998-10-02 | 2005-04-27 | California Inst Of Techn | CONDUCTIVE ORGANIC SENSORS, MOSAIC SENSORS AND METHODS OF USE |
US6287717B1 (en) | 1998-11-13 | 2001-09-11 | Gore Enterprise Holdings, Inc. | Fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies with improved power outputs |
EP1135328A1 (en) | 1998-12-02 | 2001-09-26 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Integrated palladium-based micromembranes for hydrogen separation and hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reactions |
US6238534B1 (en) | 1999-05-14 | 2001-05-29 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Hybrid membrane electrode assembly |
US6300000B1 (en) | 1999-06-18 | 2001-10-09 | Gore Enterprise Holdings | Fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies with improved power outputs and poison resistance |
EP1232533A2 (en) | 1999-11-17 | 2002-08-21 | Neah Power Systems, Inc. | Fuel cells having silicon substrates and/or sol-gel derived support structures |
US6521324B1 (en) | 1999-11-30 | 2003-02-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Thermal transfer of microstructured layers |
US6646075B2 (en) | 1999-12-23 | 2003-11-11 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | High molecular weight perfluorocyclobutane polymers and method of making |
US6482763B2 (en) | 1999-12-29 | 2002-11-19 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Suboxide fuel cell catalyst for enhanced reformate tolerance |
US6749892B2 (en) * | 2000-03-22 | 2004-06-15 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method for fabricating membrane-electrode assembly and fuel cell adopting the membrane-electrode assembly |
US6559237B1 (en) | 2000-06-05 | 2003-05-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Sulfonated perfluorocyclobutane ion-conducting membranes |
US6268532B1 (en) | 2000-06-05 | 2001-07-31 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Sulfonated perfluorovinyl functional monomers |
US6334939B1 (en) * | 2000-06-15 | 2002-01-01 | The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill | Nanostructure-based high energy capacity material |
US6855178B2 (en) * | 2000-07-06 | 2005-02-15 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method for producing film electrode jointed product and method for producing solid polymer type fuel cell |
DE10118651A1 (de) * | 2001-04-14 | 2002-10-24 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Brennstoffzelle |
US6855426B2 (en) | 2001-08-08 | 2005-02-15 | Nanoproducts Corporation | Methods for producing composite nanoparticles |
US6821666B2 (en) | 2001-09-28 | 2004-11-23 | The Regents Of The Univerosity Of California | Method of forming a package for mems-based fuel cell |
US6783645B2 (en) * | 2001-12-18 | 2004-08-31 | Dionex Corporation | Disposable working electrode for an electrochemical cell |
US20040026684A1 (en) * | 2002-04-02 | 2004-02-12 | Nanosys, Inc. | Nanowire heterostructures for encoding information |
US6872645B2 (en) | 2002-04-02 | 2005-03-29 | Nanosys, Inc. | Methods of positioning and/or orienting nanostructures |
FR2839505B1 (fr) * | 2002-05-07 | 2005-07-15 | Univ Claude Bernard Lyon | Procede pour modifier les proprietes d'une couche mince et substrat faisant application du procede |
US7162308B2 (en) * | 2002-11-26 | 2007-01-09 | Wilson Greatbatch Technologies, Inc. | Nanotube coatings for implantable electrodes |
US7708974B2 (en) | 2002-12-10 | 2010-05-04 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Tungsten comprising nanomaterials and related nanotechnology |
US7482088B2 (en) * | 2003-01-31 | 2009-01-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Flow field |
US7445742B2 (en) * | 2003-08-15 | 2008-11-04 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Imprinting nanoscale patterns for catalysis and fuel cells |
US7351444B2 (en) * | 2003-09-08 | 2008-04-01 | Intematix Corporation | Low platinum fuel cell catalysts and method for preparing the same |
US8211593B2 (en) * | 2003-09-08 | 2012-07-03 | Intematix Corporation | Low platinum fuel cells, catalysts, and method for preparing the same |
US20050112450A1 (en) * | 2003-09-08 | 2005-05-26 | Intematix Corporation | Low platinum fuel cell catalysts and method for preparing the same |
US7419741B2 (en) * | 2003-09-29 | 2008-09-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fuel cell cathode catalyst |
TWI242639B (en) * | 2003-10-21 | 2005-11-01 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Humidity sensor element, device and method for manufacturing thereof |
US20050100779A1 (en) * | 2003-11-07 | 2005-05-12 | Gertner Michael E. | Three dimensional polymeric fuel cell components |
JP4238715B2 (ja) * | 2003-12-15 | 2009-03-18 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 電気化学測定用電極 |
US20110039690A1 (en) | 2004-02-02 | 2011-02-17 | Nanosys, Inc. | Porous substrates, articles, systems and compositions comprising nanofibers and methods of their use and production |
US8025960B2 (en) * | 2004-02-02 | 2011-09-27 | Nanosys, Inc. | Porous substrates, articles, systems and compositions comprising nanofibers and methods of their use and production |
US7553371B2 (en) * | 2004-02-02 | 2009-06-30 | Nanosys, Inc. | Porous substrates, articles, systems and compositions comprising nanofibers and methods of their use and production |
AU2005251089A1 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2005-12-15 | Nanosys, Inc. | Systems and methods for nanowire growth and harvesting |
US7785922B2 (en) | 2004-04-30 | 2010-08-31 | Nanosys, Inc. | Methods for oriented growth of nanowires on patterned substrates |
US20050279274A1 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2005-12-22 | Chunming Niu | Systems and methods for nanowire growth and manufacturing |
DE102004023038B4 (de) * | 2004-05-06 | 2008-07-31 | "Stiftung Caesar" (Center Of Advanced European Studies And Research) | Protonenleitende Polymerelectrolytmembran |
US20060008696A1 (en) * | 2004-06-30 | 2006-01-12 | Suk-Won Cha | Nanotubular solid oxide fuel cell |
DE102004032671A1 (de) * | 2004-07-02 | 2006-02-02 | Hahn-Meitner-Institut Berlin Gmbh | Niedertemperatur-Brennstoffzelle mit einer Hybridmembran und Verfahren zur Herstellung |
US7344961B2 (en) * | 2004-07-07 | 2008-03-18 | Nanosys, Inc. | Methods for nanowire growth |
US8101317B2 (en) * | 2004-09-20 | 2012-01-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Durable fuel cell having polymer electrolyte membrane comprising manganese oxide |
US7572534B2 (en) | 2004-09-20 | 2009-08-11 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fuel cell membrane electrode assembly |
CA2588548A1 (en) | 2004-12-09 | 2006-06-15 | Nanosys, Inc. | Nanowire-based membrane electrode assemblies for fuel cells |
US8278011B2 (en) | 2004-12-09 | 2012-10-02 | Nanosys, Inc. | Nanostructured catalyst supports |
US7939218B2 (en) * | 2004-12-09 | 2011-05-10 | Nanosys, Inc. | Nanowire structures comprising carbon |
US7842432B2 (en) * | 2004-12-09 | 2010-11-30 | Nanosys, Inc. | Nanowire structures comprising carbon |
US7687176B2 (en) * | 2004-12-10 | 2010-03-30 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fuel cell |
US20060147791A1 (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2006-07-06 | Debe Mark K | Platinum recovery from fuel cell stacks |
US20060144791A1 (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2006-07-06 | Debe Mark K | Platinum recovery from nanostructured fuel cell catalyst |
JP5265926B2 (ja) * | 2005-02-16 | 2013-08-14 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 燃料電池触媒 |
WO2007094817A2 (en) * | 2005-08-02 | 2007-08-23 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Biosensors including metallic nanocavities |
US7828619B1 (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2010-11-09 | Mytitek, Inc. | Method for preparing a nanostructured composite electrode through electrophoretic deposition and a product prepared thereby |
US20070059452A1 (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2007-03-15 | Debe Mark K | Formation of nanostructured layers through continued screw dislocation growth |
US20080020923A1 (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2008-01-24 | Debe Mark K | Multilayered nanostructured films |
US7901829B2 (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2011-03-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Enhanced catalyst interface for membrane electrode assembly |
US20070082814A1 (en) | 2005-10-12 | 2007-04-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Ternary nanocatalyst and method of making |
US7622217B2 (en) | 2005-10-12 | 2009-11-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fuel cell nanocatalyst |
US8367267B2 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2013-02-05 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | High durability fuel cell components with cerium oxide additives |
US8628871B2 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2014-01-14 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | High durability fuel cell components with cerium salt additives |
US9422160B1 (en) | 2005-10-28 | 2016-08-23 | Element One, Inc. | Method of making a hydrogen sensing pigment |
US20070095661A1 (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2007-05-03 | Yi Wang | Method of making, and, analyte sensor |
US7935655B2 (en) * | 2005-11-04 | 2011-05-03 | Kent State University | Nanostructured core-shell electrocatalysts for fuel cells |
US20070148677A1 (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2007-06-28 | Chagovetz Alexander M | Methods and systems for acquiring real-time quantitative melt data |
US7741197B1 (en) | 2005-12-29 | 2010-06-22 | Nanosys, Inc. | Systems and methods for harvesting and reducing contamination in nanowires |
AU2006343556B2 (en) * | 2005-12-29 | 2012-06-21 | Oned Material, Inc. | Methods for oriented growth of nanowires on patterned substrates |
US7740902B2 (en) * | 2006-04-20 | 2010-06-22 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method for making oxygen-reducing catalyst layers |
US7906251B2 (en) * | 2006-04-20 | 2011-03-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Oxygen-reducing catalyst layer |
US20080212261A1 (en) * | 2006-07-05 | 2008-09-04 | Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute | Energy storage devices and composite articles associated with the same |
CA2666560A1 (fr) * | 2006-10-19 | 2008-04-24 | Societe De Chimie Inorganique Et Organique En Abrege "Sochinor" | Capteur de gaz emis par une combustion |
KR20090087467A (ko) * | 2006-11-07 | 2009-08-17 | 나노시스, 인크. | 나노와이어 성장 시스템 및 방법 |
US20080161887A1 (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2008-07-03 | Cvrx, Inc. | Noble metal electrodes with nanostructures |
US9287568B2 (en) | 2007-04-12 | 2016-03-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | High performance, high durability non-precious metal fuel cell catalysts |
DE102007042193A1 (de) * | 2007-08-29 | 2009-03-05 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Beschichtung auf einem Träger und Presswerkzeug oder Gegenwerkzeug |
WO2009070760A1 (en) * | 2007-11-26 | 2009-06-04 | Element One, Inc. | Hydrogen sulfide indicating pigments |
JP5196988B2 (ja) | 2007-12-21 | 2013-05-15 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | インク組成物、その製造方法、そのインク組成物を用いて形成した電極触媒層及びこれらの用途 |
EP2274445A2 (en) | 2008-04-11 | 2011-01-19 | University of Utah Research Foundation | Methods and compositions related to quantitative array based methylation analysis |
US8142625B2 (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2012-03-27 | Life Safety Distribution Ag | Syperhydrophobic nanostructured materials as gas diffusion electrodes for gas detectors |
US8637193B2 (en) * | 2008-08-25 | 2014-01-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fuel cell nanocatalyst with voltage reversal tolerance |
FI124440B (fi) * | 2009-01-28 | 2014-08-29 | Canatu Oy | Rakenteita, jotka käsittävät korkean aspektisuhteen omaavia molekyylirakenteita, ja valmistusmenetelmiä |
US8512908B2 (en) | 2009-05-14 | 2013-08-20 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Fabrication of catalyst coated diffusion media layers containing nanostructured thin catalytic layers |
US8507152B2 (en) | 2009-05-14 | 2013-08-13 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Fabrication of electrodes with multiple nanostructured thin catalytic layers |
US8481231B2 (en) | 2009-05-14 | 2013-07-09 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Preparation of nanostructured thin catalytic layer-based electrode ink |
US8802329B2 (en) * | 2009-05-14 | 2014-08-12 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Electrode containing nanostructured thin catalytic layers and method of making |
HUE059099T2 (hu) * | 2009-05-19 | 2022-10-28 | Oned Mat Inc | Nanoszerkezetû anyagok akkumulátoros alkalmazásokhoz |
WO2011006511A1 (en) | 2009-07-17 | 2011-01-20 | Danmarks Tekniske Universitet | Platinum and palladium alloys suitable as fuel cell electrodes |
DE102010042932A1 (de) | 2009-10-30 | 2011-06-09 | Basf Se | Elektrokatalysatoren umfassend einen polyzyklischen Träger |
US9570756B2 (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2017-02-14 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fuel cell electrode with nanostructured catalyst and dispersed catalyst sublayer |
SMT201700017T1 (it) | 2010-01-11 | 2017-03-08 | Inotek Pharmaceuticals Corp | Combinazione, kit e metodo per ridurre la pressione intraoculare |
AU2011230580A1 (en) | 2010-03-26 | 2012-10-11 | Inotek Pharmaceuticals Corporation | Method of reducing intraocular pressure in humans using N6 -cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), CPA derivatives or prodrugs thereof |
US8748330B2 (en) | 2010-04-26 | 2014-06-10 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Annealed nanostructured thin film catalyst |
WO2011139693A2 (en) | 2010-04-26 | 2011-11-10 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Platinum nickel catalyst alloy |
WO2011139678A1 (en) | 2010-04-26 | 2011-11-10 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fuel cell water management via reduced anode reactant pressure |
US8445164B2 (en) | 2010-05-27 | 2013-05-21 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Electrode containing nanostructured thin catalytic layers and method of making |
US8796170B2 (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2014-08-05 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Layered catalyst |
US20140246304A1 (en) | 2011-10-10 | 2014-09-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Catalyst electrodes, and methods of making and using the same |
JP5936976B2 (ja) * | 2011-10-12 | 2016-06-22 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池の運転方法 |
JP6387303B2 (ja) | 2011-11-04 | 2018-09-05 | グリナリティ・ゲーエムベーハー | 触媒被覆膜の調製方法 |
CN106981669A (zh) | 2011-12-29 | 2017-07-25 | 3M创新有限公司 | 电化学电池电极 |
HUE035750T2 (en) | 2012-01-26 | 2018-05-28 | Inotek Pharmaceuticals Corp | Anhydrous polymorphs of (2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-(cyclopentylamino)-9h-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl) } methyl nitrate and processes of preparation thereof |
JP6274716B2 (ja) | 2012-03-02 | 2018-02-07 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | ガス拡散層およびガス拡散層を含む膜電極接合体、ならびに膜電極接合体の再生方法 |
US8518596B1 (en) | 2012-05-16 | 2013-08-27 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Low cost fuel cell diffusion layer configured for optimized anode water management |
US20150325861A1 (en) | 2012-07-06 | 2015-11-12 | Denmarks Tekniske Universitet | Platinum and palladium alloys suitable as fuel cell electrodes |
US9153822B2 (en) | 2012-08-14 | 2015-10-06 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Nano-structured thin film catalyst |
CA2891134A1 (en) | 2012-11-21 | 2014-05-30 | Danmarks Tekniske Universitet | Platinum and palladium alloys suitable as fuel cell electrodes |
US20150311536A1 (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2015-10-29 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Nanostructured whisker article |
KR20150139501A (ko) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-12-11 | 이노텍 파마슈티컬스 코포레이션 | 안과용 제형 |
JP2016522962A (ja) | 2013-04-23 | 2016-08-04 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 触媒電極及びその製造方法 |
EP2954951B1 (de) | 2014-06-11 | 2023-08-02 | Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG | Trägerkatalysator sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mit Metall-Nanopartikeln belegten, porösen graphitisierten Kohlenstoffmaterials |
US10700372B2 (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2020-06-30 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Membrane electrode assembly |
WO2016191057A1 (en) | 2015-05-26 | 2016-12-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Oxygen evolution catalyst electrodes, and methods of making and using the same |
WO2017041736A1 (zh) * | 2015-09-11 | 2017-03-16 | 纳智源科技(唐山)有限责任公司 | 摩擦发电机电极及其制备方法、发光鞋 |
US10497968B2 (en) | 2016-01-04 | 2019-12-03 | Global Graphene Group, Inc. | Solid state electrolyte for lithium secondary battery |
CN106596686B (zh) * | 2016-10-24 | 2018-10-26 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | 一种用于固体聚合物电解质燃料电池和水电解电催化剂性能的评价装置和评价方法 |
JP7076715B2 (ja) | 2016-10-26 | 2022-05-30 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 触媒 |
JP2019534148A (ja) * | 2016-10-26 | 2019-11-28 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 燃料電池用pt−ni−ir触媒 |
JP7055971B2 (ja) | 2016-10-26 | 2022-04-19 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 燃料電池用pt-ni-ir触媒 |
US11196055B2 (en) | 2016-10-26 | 2021-12-07 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Nanoporous oxygen reduction catalyst material |
US10084220B2 (en) | 2016-12-12 | 2018-09-25 | Nanotek Instruments, Inc. | Hybrid solid state electrolyte for lithium secondary battery |
WO2018118877A1 (en) | 2016-12-20 | 2018-06-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Electrolyzer including a porous hydrophobic gas diffusion layer |
JP6809897B2 (ja) | 2016-12-20 | 2021-01-06 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 膜電極接合体及び固体高分子形燃料電池 |
WO2018185616A1 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-11 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Water electrolyzers |
EP3607114A1 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2020-02-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Water electrolyzers |
US20200102660A1 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2020-04-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Water electrolyzers |
KR20200014297A (ko) | 2017-06-05 | 2020-02-10 | 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 캄파니 | 전극 촉매-함유 분산물 조성물 및 그로부터의 물품 |
US20200385879A1 (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2020-12-10 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Dispersed catalyst-containing anode compositions for electrolyzers |
EP3776701A1 (en) | 2018-04-04 | 2021-02-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Catalyst |
WO2019193460A1 (en) | 2018-04-04 | 2019-10-10 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Catalyst comprising pt, ni, and ru |
EP3776702B1 (en) | 2018-04-04 | 2024-05-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Catalyst comprising pt, ni, and ta |
US11404702B2 (en) | 2018-04-04 | 2022-08-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Catalyst comprising Pt, Ni, and Cr |
WO2019198033A1 (en) | 2018-04-13 | 2019-10-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Catalyst |
CN112042023B (zh) | 2018-04-13 | 2024-12-31 | 3M创新有限公司 | 催化剂 |
EP3776703B1 (en) | 2018-04-13 | 2024-02-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Catalyst |
DE102018116373A1 (de) | 2018-07-06 | 2020-01-09 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Katalysatoranordnung für ein Elektrolyseursystem oder ein Brennstoffzellensystem, Elektrolyseursystem, Brennstoffzellensystem, Verwendung einer Katalysatoranordnung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Katalysatoranordnung |
US11560632B2 (en) | 2018-09-27 | 2023-01-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Membrane, membrane electrode assembly, and water electrolyzer including the same |
CN113228355B (zh) | 2018-12-13 | 2024-07-30 | 3M创新有限公司 | 催化剂 |
JP2022514560A (ja) | 2018-12-19 | 2022-02-14 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 水電解装置 |
JP7369774B2 (ja) | 2018-12-21 | 2023-10-26 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 触媒毒を低減したフルオロポリマーアイオノマー及びそれからの物品 |
US12078606B2 (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2024-09-03 | Figaro Engineering Inc. | Gas sensor |
Family Cites Families (34)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3045198A (en) * | 1959-12-11 | 1962-07-17 | James P Dolan | Detection device |
GB1101101A (en) * | 1963-05-31 | 1968-01-31 | Ok Buro Avtomatiki Okba | An apparatus for electro-chemical analysis |
GB1200595A (en) * | 1966-10-19 | 1970-07-29 | Mini Of Power | Improvements in or relating to membrane electrodes and cells |
US3969545A (en) * | 1973-03-01 | 1976-07-13 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Light polarizing material method and apparatus |
GB1571282A (en) * | 1976-03-11 | 1980-07-09 | City Tech | Gas sensor |
DE2616662C2 (de) * | 1976-04-15 | 1984-02-02 | Dornier System Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen | Verfahren zur herstellung einer selektiven solarabsorberschicht auf aluminium |
US4155781A (en) * | 1976-09-03 | 1979-05-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method of manufacturing solar cells, utilizing single-crystal whisker growth |
US4209008A (en) * | 1977-07-26 | 1980-06-24 | United Technologies Corporation | Photon absorbing surfaces and methods for producing the same |
US4224595A (en) * | 1978-11-02 | 1980-09-23 | Ads Systems, Inc. | Graded particle adsorption type sensor and method of improving performance of an adsorbing sensor |
US4169779A (en) * | 1978-12-26 | 1979-10-02 | Catalyst Research Corporation | Electrochemical cell for the detection of hydrogen sulfide |
US4324632A (en) * | 1979-05-17 | 1982-04-13 | City Technology Limited | Gas sensor |
US4252864A (en) * | 1979-11-05 | 1981-02-24 | Amp Incorporated | Lead frame having integral terminal tabs |
US4474648A (en) * | 1980-04-30 | 1984-10-02 | City Technology Limited | Gas sensor |
US4347732A (en) * | 1980-08-18 | 1982-09-07 | Leary David J | Gas monitoring apparatus |
DE3033796A1 (de) * | 1980-09-09 | 1982-04-22 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Elektrochemischer sensor zum nachweis reduzierender gase, insbesondere von kohlenmonoxid, hydrazin und wasserstoff in luft |
GB2094005B (en) * | 1981-02-03 | 1985-05-30 | Coal Industry Patents Ltd | Electrochemical gas sensor |
US4396643A (en) * | 1981-06-29 | 1983-08-02 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Radiation absorbing surfaces |
EP0095277A3 (en) * | 1982-05-26 | 1984-07-04 | City Technology Limited | Gas sensor |
GB8313846D0 (en) * | 1983-05-19 | 1983-06-22 | City Tech | Gas sensor |
US4674320A (en) * | 1985-09-30 | 1987-06-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Chemoresistive gas sensor |
DE3613512C3 (de) * | 1986-04-22 | 1994-09-29 | Auergesellschaft Gmbh | Elektrische Warneinrichtung zur Anzeige des Erschöpfungszustandes eines Schadgase zurückhaltenden Gasfilters |
US4867287A (en) * | 1986-06-20 | 1989-09-19 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Control method for magnetic powder clutch |
US5039561A (en) * | 1986-08-25 | 1991-08-13 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method for preparing an article having surface layer of uniformly oriented, crystalline, organic microstructures |
US4812352A (en) * | 1986-08-25 | 1989-03-14 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Article having surface layer of uniformly oriented, crystalline, organic microstructures |
US4865717A (en) * | 1987-05-26 | 1989-09-12 | Transducer Research, Inc. | Electrochemical micro sensor |
US4795543A (en) * | 1987-05-26 | 1989-01-03 | Transducer Research, Inc. | Spin coating of electrolytes |
US4900405A (en) * | 1987-07-15 | 1990-02-13 | Sri International | Surface type microelectronic gas and vapor sensor |
US4847594A (en) * | 1988-03-28 | 1989-07-11 | Transducer Research, Inc. | Sensor for detecting the exhaustion of an adsorbent bed |
US4959132A (en) * | 1988-05-18 | 1990-09-25 | North Carolina State University | Preparing in situ electrocatalytic films in solid polymer electrolyte membranes, composite microelectrode structures produced thereby and chloralkali process utilizing the same |
JP2813423B2 (ja) * | 1990-06-11 | 1998-10-22 | 松下電工株式会社 | 電気化学式ガスセンサ |
US5069987A (en) * | 1990-07-06 | 1991-12-03 | Igr Enterprises, Inc. | Solid oxide fuel cell assembly |
DE4041143C2 (de) * | 1990-12-21 | 1996-11-28 | Pronova Elektronik Gmbh & Co K | Elektrochemischer Gassensor |
US5234777A (en) * | 1991-02-19 | 1993-08-10 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Membrane catalyst layer for fuel cells |
US5238729A (en) * | 1991-04-05 | 1993-08-24 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Sensors based on nanosstructured composite films |
-
1992
- 1992-12-23 US US07/995,891 patent/US5338430A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-12-07 EP EP94903475A patent/EP0676050B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-07 KR KR1019950702573A patent/KR100317404B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-12-07 ES ES94903475T patent/ES2144509T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-07 JP JP51519194A patent/JP3419777B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-07 WO PCT/US1993/011814 patent/WO1994015210A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-12-07 BR BR9307723-8A patent/BR9307723A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-12-07 SG SG1996005145A patent/SG49009A1/en unknown
- 1993-12-07 CA CA002150833A patent/CA2150833C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-12-07 DE DE69327799T patent/DE69327799T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-07 CZ CZ19951634A patent/CZ287286B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-12-10 IL IL107988A patent/IL107988A/xx active IP Right Grant
- 1993-12-15 MX MX9308021A patent/MX9308021A/es not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-12-22 CN CN931199417A patent/CN1065075C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0676050B1 (en) | 2000-02-02 |
US5338430A (en) | 1994-08-16 |
SG49009A1 (en) | 1998-05-18 |
DE69327799D1 (de) | 2000-03-09 |
JP3419777B2 (ja) | 2003-06-23 |
IL107988A (en) | 1997-09-30 |
JPH08505227A (ja) | 1996-06-04 |
WO1994015210A1 (en) | 1994-07-07 |
MX9308021A (es) | 1994-08-31 |
IL107988A0 (en) | 1994-04-12 |
CA2150833A1 (en) | 1994-07-07 |
CA2150833C (en) | 2004-02-17 |
BR9307723A (pt) | 1999-08-31 |
EP0676050A1 (en) | 1995-10-11 |
CN1099524A (zh) | 1995-03-01 |
CN1065075C (zh) | 2001-04-25 |
DE69327799T2 (de) | 2000-09-21 |
ES2144509T3 (es) | 2000-06-16 |
CZ287286B6 (en) | 2000-10-11 |
KR950704684A (ko) | 1995-11-20 |
CZ163495A3 (en) | 1996-05-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
KR100317404B1 (ko) | 나노구조의전극막을포함하는전기화학적셀또는분석물센서 | |
Li et al. | A high-rate, high-capacity, nanostructured Sn-based anode prepared using sol-gel template synthesis | |
Ogawa et al. | Electrical properties of tin oxide ultrafine particle films | |
EP1839351B1 (en) | Manufacturing method and current collector | |
US4731705A (en) | Cell for electric double layer capacitors and process for manufacturing such a cell | |
JP3100979B2 (ja) | セラミック固体電解質ベース電気化学的酸素濃縮器 | |
JP4903306B2 (ja) | 膜電極集成体 | |
Martin et al. | Template-synthesized nanomaterials in electrochemistry | |
US20130089769A1 (en) | Thin flexible electrochemical energy cell | |
Stolarska et al. | Structure, transport properties and interfacial stability of PVdF/HFP electrolytes containing modified inorganic filler | |
US20060213251A1 (en) | Carbon nanotube films for hydrogen sensing | |
US8067101B2 (en) | Capacitor electrode and method of manufacturing the same | |
US10317356B2 (en) | Copper(II) oxide and cellulose acetate composite resistance-based humidity sensor | |
Khalil et al. | Nickel oxide nanocrystals as a lithium-ion battery anode: structure-performance relationship | |
JP2003515131A (ja) | 複合フィルム形センサー | |
CA1322635C (en) | Fluoride ion-selective electrodes based upon superionic conducting ternary compounds and methods of making | |
Erçarıkcı et al. | A flexible graphene paper electrochemical sensor with electrodeposited Ag and Ni nanoparticles for H 2 O 2 detection | |
US6046268A (en) | Electrode with enhanced adhesion to substrates | |
JP2511947B2 (ja) | 固体電解質成形体 | |
JPS58200157A (ja) | 酸素センサ | |
Weininger et al. | State‐of‐Charge Indicator for Lead‐Acid Batteries | |
Reynaud et al. | The adsorption of RNAse A, BSA and cytochrome c at the graphite powder| liquid interface using in parallel the adsorption isotherm plot and linear sweep voltammetry on graphite paste electrode | |
Trofin et al. | A ligand-gated ion-channel mimetic nanopore membrane with an on-board transmembrane microbattery | |
WO2008060275A2 (en) | Systems and methods for hydrogen loading and generation of thermal response | |
JP3557804B2 (ja) | 燃料電池用水素電極及びその製造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PA0105 | International application |
Patent event date: 19950622 Patent event code: PA01051R01D Comment text: International Patent Application |
|
PG1501 | Laying open of application | ||
A201 | Request for examination | ||
PA0201 | Request for examination |
Patent event code: PA02012R01D Patent event date: 19980415 Comment text: Request for Examination of Application |
|
E902 | Notification of reason for refusal | ||
PE0902 | Notice of grounds for rejection |
Comment text: Notification of reason for refusal Patent event date: 20000229 Patent event code: PE09021S01D |
|
E902 | Notification of reason for refusal | ||
PE0902 | Notice of grounds for rejection |
Comment text: Notification of reason for refusal Patent event date: 20001106 Patent event code: PE09021S01D |
|
E701 | Decision to grant or registration of patent right | ||
PE0701 | Decision of registration |
Patent event code: PE07011S01D Comment text: Decision to Grant Registration Patent event date: 20010830 |
|
GRNT | Written decision to grant | ||
PR0701 | Registration of establishment |
Comment text: Registration of Establishment Patent event date: 20011130 Patent event code: PR07011E01D |
|
PR1002 | Payment of registration fee |
Payment date: 20011201 End annual number: 3 Start annual number: 1 |
|
PG1601 | Publication of registration | ||
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 20041123 Start annual number: 4 End annual number: 4 |
|
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 20051125 Start annual number: 5 End annual number: 5 |
|
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 20061121 Start annual number: 6 End annual number: 6 |
|
FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20071126 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 20071126 Start annual number: 7 End annual number: 7 |
|
LAPS | Lapse due to unpaid annual fee | ||
PC1903 | Unpaid annual fee |
Termination category: Default of registration fee Termination date: 20091010 |