JPS6410820B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6410820B2 JPS6410820B2 JP13556276A JP13556276A JPS6410820B2 JP S6410820 B2 JPS6410820 B2 JP S6410820B2 JP 13556276 A JP13556276 A JP 13556276A JP 13556276 A JP13556276 A JP 13556276A JP S6410820 B2 JPS6410820 B2 JP S6410820B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- group
- silver halide
- photographic
- emulsion
- silver
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 88
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 36
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 28
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 28
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 28
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 28
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 28
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 17
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 14
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 8
- DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M merocyanine Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1N(CCCC)C(=O)N(CCCC)C(=O)C1=C\C=C\C=C/1N(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)C2=CC=CC=C2O\1 DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 6
- ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M thionine Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N)=CC=C3N=C21 ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001565 benzotriazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 5
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical class CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021612 Silver iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SJOOOZPMQAWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag].BrCl Chemical compound [Ag].BrCl SJOOOZPMQAWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver bromoiodide Chemical compound [Ag].IBr ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940045105 silver iodide Drugs 0.000 description 4
- JAKYJVJWXKRTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;oxido(oxo)borane;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Na+].[O-]B=O JAKYJVJWXKRTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- QMJDEXCUIQJLGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(methylamino)phenyl] hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound CNC1=CC=C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 QMJDEXCUIQJLGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000004442 acylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine Substances NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydrobenzimidazole-2-thione Chemical class C1=CC=C2NC(S)=NC2=C1 YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXCGIKGRPLMUDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dichloro-1h-1,3,5-triazin-4-one;sodium Chemical compound [Na].OC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 AXCGIKGRPLMUDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZFIQGRISGKSVAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylaminophenol Chemical compound CNC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZFIQGRISGKSVAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940101006 anhydrous sodium sulfite Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001661 cadmium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TYQCGQRIZGCHNB-JLAZNSOCSA-N l-ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(O)=C(O)C1=O TYQCGQRIZGCHNB-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000004964 sulfoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003557 thiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004764 thiosulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- SCZGZDLUGUYLRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylphenyl)hydrazine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1NN SCZGZDLUGUYLRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical class OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAMBIJWZVIZZOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methylphenyl)hydrazine Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(NN)C=C1 XAMBIJWZVIZZOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LUMLZKVIXLWTCI-NSCUHMNNSA-N (e)-2,3-dichloro-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(\Cl)=C(/Cl)C=O LUMLZKVIXLWTCI-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001376 1,2,4-triazolyl group Chemical group N1N=C(N=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- XBYRMPXUBGMOJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one Chemical class OC=1C=CNN=1 XBYRMPXUBGMOJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AIGNCQCMONAWOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoselenazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2[se]C=NC2=C1 AIGNCQCMONAWOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC(S)=NC2=C1 YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoxazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2OC=NC2=C1 BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODIRBFFBCSTPTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-selenazole Chemical class C1=C[se]C=N1 ODIRBFFBCSTPTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLVACWCCJCZITJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxane-2,3-diol Chemical compound OC1OCCOC1O YLVACWCCJCZITJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIQZJFKTROUNPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin Chemical compound CC1(C)N(CO)C(=O)NC1=O SIQZJFKTROUNPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYBFGAFWCBMEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3,5-di(prop-2-enoyl)-1,3,5-triazinan-1-yl]prop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound C=CC(=O)N1CN(C(=O)C=C)CN(C(=O)C=C)C1 FYBFGAFWCBMEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001473 2,4-thiazolidinediones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YKUDHBLDJYZZQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dichloro-1h-1,3,5-triazin-4-one Chemical compound OC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 YKUDHBLDJYZZQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIEFDNUEROKZRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylethenyl)aniline Chemical group NC1=CC=CC=C1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 BIEFDNUEROKZRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminophenol Chemical class NC1=CC=CC=C1O CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFJWVJAVVIQZRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-1,3-dihydropyrazole Chemical compound C1C=CNN1C1=CC=CC=C1 JFJWVJAVVIQZRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGWULZWUXSCWPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-4-one Chemical class O=C1CNC(=S)N1 UGWULZWUXSCWPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVBUGGBMJDPOST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-thiobarbituric acid Chemical class O=C1CC(=O)NC(=S)N1 RVBUGGBMJDPOST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004179 3-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(Cl)=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- WDBQJSCPCGTAFG-QHCPKHFHSA-N 4,4-difluoro-N-[(1S)-3-[4-(3-methyl-5-propan-2-yl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)piperidin-1-yl]-1-pyridin-3-ylpropyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxamide Chemical compound FC1(CCC(CC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCN1CCC(CC1)N1C(=NN=C1C)C(C)C)C=1C=NC=CC=1)F WDBQJSCPCGTAFG-QHCPKHFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYYSPVRERVXMLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-difluorocyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound FC1(F)CCC(=O)CC1 NYYSPVRERVXMLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004801 4-cyanophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(C#N)=C([H])C([H])=C1* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004172 4-methoxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(OC([H])([H])[H])=C([H])C([H])=C1* 0.000 description 1
- XPAZGLFMMUODDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-nitro-1h-benzimidazole Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C2N=CNC2=C1 XPAZGLFMMUODDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002085 Dialdehyde starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycidol Chemical class OCC1CO1 CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFZAGIJXANFPFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-[4-(3-methyl-5-propan-2-yl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)piperidin-1-yl]-1-thiophen-2-ylpropyl]acetamide Chemical compound C(C)(C)C1=NN=C(N1C1CCN(CC1)CCC(C=1SC=CC=1)NC(C)=O)C LFZAGIJXANFPFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150006989 NDEL1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ISLYUUGUJKSGDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC1=CC=NC2=NC=NN12 Chemical class OC1=CC=NC2=NC=NN12 ISLYUUGUJKSGDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical group [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000738 acetamido group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(=O)N([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003926 acrylamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001266 acyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001346 alkyl aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005599 alkyl carboxylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005037 alkyl phenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940045714 alkyl sulfonate alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004397 aminosulfonyl group Chemical group NS(=O)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006318 anionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000987 azo dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000043 benzamido group Chemical group [H]N([*])C(=O)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000001556 benzimidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KXNQKOAQSGJCQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[e][1,3]benzothiazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(N=CS3)=C3C=CC2=C1 KXNQKOAQSGJCQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMUIZUWOEIQJEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[e][1,3]benzoxazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(N=CO3)=C3C=CC2=C1 WMUIZUWOEIQJEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PASDCCFISLVPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PASDCCFISLVPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZEUDGVUWMXAXEF-UHFFFAOYSA-L bromo(chloro)silver Chemical compound Cl[Ag]Br ZEUDGVUWMXAXEF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KDPAWGWELVVRCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromoacetic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CBr KDPAWGWELVVRCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- WYYQVWLEPYFFLP-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Cr+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O WYYQVWLEPYFFLP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000005205 dihydroxybenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002012 dioxanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JOXWSDNHLSQKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenesulfonamide Chemical class NS(=O)(=O)C=C JOXWSDNHLSQKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 1
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002344 gold compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JUWSSMXCCAMYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold platinum Chemical compound [Pt].[Au] JUWSSMXCCAMYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine group Chemical group N1=CCC2=CC=CC=C12 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002475 indoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002503 iridium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002545 isoxazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000040 m-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005439 maleimidyl group Chemical class C1(C=CC(N1*)=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000002960 margaryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001434 methanylylidene group Chemical group [H]C#[*] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZAKLKBFCSHJIRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N mucochloric acid Natural products OC1OC(=O)C(Cl)=C1Cl ZAKLKBFCSHJIRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003261 o-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002916 oxazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002918 oxazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QUBQYFYWUJJAAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxymethurea Chemical compound OCNC(=O)NCO QUBQYFYWUJJAAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005308 oxymethurea Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003854 p-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Cl 0.000 description 1
- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CMCWWLVWPDLCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenidone Chemical compound N1C(=O)CCN1C1=CC=CC=C1 CMCWWLVWPDLCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002006 poly(N-vinylimidazole) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940005642 polystyrene sulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- NDGRWYRVNANFNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazolidin-3-one Chemical class O=C1CCNN1 NDGRWYRVNANFNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003236 pyrrolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003248 quinolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KIWUVOGUEXMXSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodanine Chemical class O=C1CSC(=S)N1 KIWUVOGUEXMXSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003283 rhodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SOUHUMACVWVDME-UHFFFAOYSA-N safranin O Chemical compound [Cl-].C12=CC(N)=CC=C2N=C2C=CC(N)=CC2=[N+]1C1=CC=CC=C1 SOUHUMACVWVDME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017709 saponins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-] QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003475 thallium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003549 thiazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003567 thiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003585 thioureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000008130 triterpenoid saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
Description
æ¬çºæã¯ç»å圢ææ¹æ³ã«é¢ããç¹ã«æ¥µããŠç¡¬èª¿
ãªãã¬ããé調ã®åçç»åã圢æããæ¹æ³ã«é¢ã
ãã ããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã«ããã©ãžã³ååç©ãæ·»
å ããŠã硬調ãªãã¬ããé調ã®åçç¹æ§ãåŸãæ¹
æ³ããç±³åœç¹èš±2419975å·ã§ç¥ãããŠãããåç¹
èš±æ现æžã«ã¯å¡©èåéä¹³å€ã«ããã©ãžã³ååç©ã
æ·»å ãã12.8ãšãããããªé«ãPHã®çŸå液ã§çŸå
ãããšãã¬ã³ãïŒÎ³ïŒã10ãããã極ããŠç¡¬èª¿ãª
åçç¹æ§ãåŸãããããšãèšèŒãããŠããããã
ããPHã13ã«è¿ã匷ã¢ã«ã«ãªçŸå液ã¯ã空æ°é žå
ããæãäžå®å®ã§ãé·æéã®ä¿åã䜿çšã«èããª
ãã ã¬ã³ãã10ããããè¶ ç¡¬èª¿ãªåçç¹æ§ã¯ããã¬
é調ãããžé調ã®ãããã«ãããå°å·è£œçã«æçš
ãªç¶²ç¹ç»åïŒdot imageïŒã«ããé£ç¶èª¿ç»åã®å
ççåçŸãããã¯ç·ç»ã®åçã«æ¥µããŠæçšã§ã
ãããã®ãããªç®çã®ããã«åŸæ¥ã¯ãå¡©åéã®å«
æéã50ã¢ã«ïŒ ã奜ãŸããã¯75ã¢ã«ïŒ ããããã
ããªå¡©èåéåçä¹³å€ãçšããäºç¡«é žã€ãªã³ã®æ
å¹æ¿åºŠã極ããŠäœãïŒéåžž0.1ã¢ã«ïŒä»¥äžïŒã
ããã€ããããã³çŸå液ã§çŸåããæ¹æ³ãäžè¬ç
ã«çšããããŠãããããããã®æ¹æ³ã§ã¯çŸå液äž
ã®äºç¡«é žã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãäœãããã«ãçŸå液ã¯æ¥µã
ãŠäžå®å®ã§ãïŒæ¥éããããä¿åã«èããªãã ãããã®æ¹æ³ã¯ããããå¡©åéå«éã®æ¯èŒçé«
ãå¡©èåéä¹³å€ãçšããããšãå¿ èŠãšããããã
é«ãæ床ãåŸãããšãã§ããªãã€ããåŸã€ãŠãé«
æ床ã®ä¹³å€ãšå®å®ãªçŸå液ãçšããŠã網ç¹ç»åã
ç·ç»ã®åçŸã«æçšãªè¶ 硬調åçç¹æ§ãåŸãããšã
匷ãèŠæãããŠããã æ¬çºæã®ç®çã¯ç¬¬äžã«ãå®å®ãªçŸå液ãçšããŠ
極ããŠç¡¬èª¿ãªãã¬ããé調ã®åçç¹æ§ãæããå
çç»åã圢æããæ¹æ³ãæäŸããããšã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ç®çã¯ç¬¬äºã«ãé«æ床ã§æ¥µããŠç¡¬èª¿ãª
ãã¬ããé調ã®åçç¹æ§ãäžããåçç»å圢ææ¹
æ³ãæäŸããããšã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ç®çã¯ããã«ãã«ããªã®å°ã極ããŠç¡¬
調ãªãã¬ããåçç»åã圢æããæ¹æ³ãæäŸãã
ããšã§ããã æ¬çºæã®äžèšè«žç®çã¯ãå¹³åç²åŸã0.7ãã¯ã
ã³ãã倧ã§ãªããå®è³ªçã«è¡šé¢æœååã§ãããã
ãªååæ£ã®ããã²ã³åéç²åããæããããã²ã³
åéïŒã¢ã«åœã250ïœããå€ããªããã€ã³ããŒã
å«æããããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€å±€ãå°ããšãäžã€
æããŠããã該乳å€å±€åã¯ä»ã®å°ããšãäžã€ã®èŠª
æ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãå±€ã«äžè¬åŒããã§è¡šããããåå
ç©ãå«æããåçæå ææããåé²å åŸããã³ãŸ
ããªã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãå«ã¿ããã€0.15ã¢ã«ïŒä»¥äžã®
äºç¡«é žã€ãªã³ãå«ãçŸå液ã§ãPH11.0ã12.3ã«ã
ããŠçŸåããããšã«ãã€ãŠãéæãããã R1NHNHCOR2 ãã åŒäžR1ã¯åç°åã¯ïŒç°ã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºãè¡šããã
äžèšã¢ãªãŒã«åºã¯çœ®æãããŠããããé»ååžåŒæ§
ã§ãªã眮æåºãããšãã°ççŽ æ°ïŒã20ã®ã¢ã«ãã«
åºïŒåæãæããŠãããïŒãã¢ã«ãã«éšã®ççŽ æ°
ãïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã©ã«ãã«åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºïŒççŽ æ°
ïŒã20ïŒãã¢ã«ãã«åºïŒççŽ æ°ïŒã20ïŒã§ã¢ããŒ
ãŸãã¯ãžãŒçœ®æãããã¢ããåºãèèªæã¢ã·ã«ã¢
ããåºïŒççŽ æ°ïŒã21ïŒãè³éŠæã¢ã·ã«ã¢ããåº
ãªã©ãæããããšãã§ããã R2ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååãççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã§ãã€ãŠåæã
ãã€ãŠãããã¢ã«ãã«åºåã¯ããšãã«åºãããã
ããã¢ã«ãã«åºã¯çœ®æãããªãããšãæãŸããã
ããšãã«åºã¯çœ®æãããŠããããã眮æåºã¯é»å
åžåŒæ§ã®çœ®æåºããšãã°ããã²ã³ååïŒå¡©çŽ ãè
çŽ ãªã©ïŒãã·ã¢ãåºãããªãã«ãªãã¡ãã«åºãã«
ã«ããã·åºãã¹ã«ãåºãªã©ã§ããããšãæãŸã
ãã R1ã§è¡šãããã眮æåºã®å ·äœäŸã¯ãããšãã«
åºãαâãããã«åºãβâãããã«åºãïœâããª
ã«åºãïœâããªã«åºãïœâããªã«åºãïœâã¡ãã
ã·ããšãã«åºãïœâã¡ããã·ããšãã«åºãïœâãž
ã¡ãã«ã¢ããããšãã«åºãïœâãžãšãã«ã¢ããã
ãšãã«åºãïœâïŒã¢ã»ãã«ã¢ããïŒããšãã«åºã
ïœâïŒã«ããªãã€ã«ã¢ããïŒããšãã«åºãïœâ
ïŒãã³ãŸã€ã«ã¢ããïŒããšãã«åºãïœâãã³ãžã«
ããšãã«åºãªã©ã§ããã R2ã§è¡šããããæ°ŽçŽ åå以å€ã®çœ®æåºã®å ·äœ
äŸã¯ã¡ãã«åºããšãã«åºãïœâãããã«åºãã€ãœ
ãããã«åºãããšãã«åºãïŒâã¯ããããšãã«
åºãïŒâããã¢ããšãã«åºãïŒâã¯ããããšãã«
åºãïŒâã·ã¢ãããšãã«åºãïŒâã«ã«ããã·ããš
ãã«åºãïŒâã¹ã«ãããšãã«åºãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ã
ãããšãã«åºãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ããããšãã«åºã§ã
ãã R1ã§è¡šãããã眮æåºã®ãã¡å¥œãŸããã®ã¯å
ç°ã¢ãªãŒã«åºã§ãã€ãŠãç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã®ã¯ç¡çœ®æ
ããšãã«åºåã³ããªã«åºã§ããã R2ã§è¡šãããã眮æåºã®ãã¡å¥œãŸããã®ã¯æ°Ž
çŽ ååãã¡ãã«åºãåã³çœ®æããããã®ãå«ãã
ãšãã«åºã§ãããç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã®ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååã§ã
ãã äžè¬åŒããã§ç€ºãããååç©ã®ãã¡å¥œãŸãã
ã®ã¯ãäžè¬åŒãïœãã§ç€ºãããååç©ã§ããã R1NHNHCOR12 ãïœã åŒäžR1ã¯äžè¬åŒããã«ããããšåãæå³ã
ãã¡ãR12ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååãã¡ãã«åºãç¡çœ®æããšã
ã«åºåã¯é»ååžåŒæ§åºã§çœ®æãããããšãã«åºã
ããããã äžè¬åŒãïœãã§ç€ºãããååç©ã®ãã¡ç¹ã«å¥œ
ãŸããã®ã¯ãäžè¬åŒãïœãã§ç€ºãããååç©ã§
ããã R11NHNHCHO ãïœã åŒäžR11ã¯ç¡çœ®æããšãã«åºãåã¯ããªã«åºã
è¡šããã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠçšããããããã²ã³åéç²åã¯
å®è³ªçã«è¡šé¢æœååã§ãããå¥ã®è¡šçŸãããã°ã
å®è³ªçã«å éšæœååã§ãªããæ¬çºæã§ãå®è³ªçã«
è¡šé¢æœååã§ããããšã¯ãïŒã1/100ç§é²å åŸäž
èšã«ç€ºãè¡šé¢çŸå(A)åã³å éšçŸå(B)ã®æ¹æ³ã§çŸå
ããå Žåã«ãè¡šé¢çŸå(A)ã§åŸãããæ床ãå éšçŸ
å(B)ã§åŸãããæ床ãã倧ã§ããããšãšå®çŸ©ãã
ããããã§æ床ãšã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«å®çŸ©ãããã 100ïŒEh ã¯æ床ãEhã¯æ倧æ¿åºŠïŒDmaxïŒãšæå°æ¿
床ïŒDminïŒã®äžåºŠäžéã®æ¿åºŠ1/2ïŒDmaxïŒ
DminïŒãåŸãã«èŠããé²å éã瀺ãã è¡šé¢çŸå (A) äžèšåŠæ¹ã®çŸå液äžã§ã枩床20âã«ãããŠ10å
éçŸåããã âã¡ãã«âïœâã¢ããããšããŒã«ïŒããç¡«é ž
å¡©ïŒ 2.5ïœ ã¢ã¹ã³ã«ãã³é ž 10ïœ ã¡ã¿ç¡Œé žãããªãŠã ã»åæ°Žå¡© 35ïœ èåã«ãª ïŒïœ æ°Žãå ããŠ ïŒ å éšçŸå (B) èµ€è¡å¡©ïŒïœïŒãšããšããµãã©ãã³0.0125ïœïŒ
ãå«ãæŒçœæ¶²äžã§çŽ20âã§10åéåŠçãã次ã
ã§10åéæ°ŽæŽåŸãäžèšåŠæ¹ã®çŸå液äžã§ã20âã«
ãããŠ10åéçŸåããã âã¡ãã«âïœâã¢ããããšããŒã«ïŒããç¡«é ž
å¡©ïŒ 2.5ïœ ã¢ã¹ã³ã«ãã³é ž 10ïœ ã¡ã¿ã»ãé žãããªãŠã ã»åæ°Žå¡© 35ïœ èåã«ãª ïŒïœ ããªç¡«é žãœãŒã ïŒïœ æ°Žãå ããŠ ïŒ æ¬çºæã®ä¹³å€ãããå®è³ªçã«è¡šé¢æœååã§ãªã
ãšããã¬ããé調以å€ã«ããžããé調ãäžããã
ãã«ãªãã æ¬çºæã§çšããããã²ã³åéç²åã¯ãå¹³åç²åŸ
ã0.7ÎŒãã倧ã§ãã€ãŠã¯ãªããªããå¹³åç²åŸãš
ã¯ãããã²ã³åéåçç§åŠã®åéã®å°é家ã«ã¯åžž
çšãããŠããã容æã«ç解ãããçšèªã§ãããç²
åŸãšã¯ç²åãçç¶åã¯çã«è¿äŒŒã§ããç²åã®å Žå
ã«ã¯ç²åçŽåŸãæå³ãããç²åãç«æ¹äœã§ããå Ž
åã«ã¯çšé·ÃâïŒïŒÏãç²åŸãšãããå¹³åã¯ç²åæ 圱é¢ç©ã«ããšãã代衚平ååã¯å¹Ÿäœå¹³åã«ããæ±
ãããå¹³åç²åŸãæ±ããæ¹æ³ã®è©³çŽ°ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã
C.E.K.MeeSãšT.H.JamesèïŒã¶ ã»ãªãªãŒ ãª
ã 㶠ããªãã°ã©ãã€ã㯠ããã»ã¹ïŒThe
theory of the photographic processïŒïŒ3rd ed
ïŒP.36ãp.43ïŒïŒ1966幎ïŒMcMillan瀟åããåç §
ããã°ããã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã§å¿ é ã«çšããããããã²ã³åé
ä¹³å€å±€ã«ãããŠãããå¹³åç²åŸã0.7ÎŒãããã
ãšãγã10ããããé«ãã³ã³ãã©ã¹ããåŸãããš
ã¯åºæ¥ãªããæ¬çºæã§ä¹³å€ã®å¹³åç²åŸã¯0.4Ό以äž
ãšããã°ãããã«å¥œãŸãããæ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã
ãšãããã²ã³åéã®å¹³åç²åŸãå°ããã«æããã
æ床ãé«ãããšãç¹åŸŽã§ãããæ¬çºæã®åçä¹³å€
äžã®ããã²ã³åéç²åã¯ãããŸãç²åãµã€ãºååž
ããã€ããšãå¿ èŠã§ãããç¹ã«ãããã²ã³åéç²
åã®ééåã¯æ°ã«é¢ããŠãå šäœã®90ïŒ ãå ããç²
åã®ãµã€ãºãå¹³åç²åãµã€ãºã®Â±40ïŒ ä»¥å ã«ãã
ããšãå¿ èŠã§ããïŒäžè¬ã«ããã®ãããªä¹³å€ã¯å
åæ£ä¹³å€ãšãã°ããïŒã ããã²ã³åéã¯ãå¡©åéãå¡©èåéãæ²å¡©èå
éãèåéåã³æ²èåéã®ããããçšããããšã
ã§ããããå¡©èåéåã¯æ²å¡©èåéã®å Žåå¡©åé
ã®å«æéã¯80ã¢ã«ïŒ ããããªãã®ã奜ãŸãããæ²
èåéåã¯æ²å¡©èåéã®å Žåæ²åéã®å«æéã¯10
ã¢ã«ïŒ ããããªãã®ã奜ãŸãããå¡©åéå«æéã¯
50ã¢ã«ïŒ ããããªãã®ãç¹ã«å¥œãŸãããæ²åéã®
å«æéã¯ïŒã¢ã«ïŒ ããããªãã®ãç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã§ã¯ãã®ããã«åºç¯å²ã®ããã²ã³
åéãçšããããšãã§ãããããåŸæ¥ã®ããªã¹ã
ïŒâlithâïŒåçŸåãçšããæ¹æ³ã«æ¯ããŠæ Œæ®µã«é«
ãæ床ãåŸãããšãå¯èœã§ããã æ¬çºæã«çšããããååæ£ã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€
ã¯ãããã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«åœã250ïœããå€ããã€
ã³ããŒãå«ãã§ã¯ãªããªããããããã²ã³åéïŒ
ã¢ã«åœã250ïœããå€ããã€ã³ããŒãå«ããšãæ¬
çºæã®ç®çãšãã極端ã«ç¡¬èª¿ãªåçç¹æ§ãåŸãã
ãšã¯ã§ããªããç¹ã«10ããããγãåŸãããšã¯å°
åºã§ããªããä¹³å€äžã®ãã€ã³ããŒéãå°ãã»ã©ç¡¬
調ãåŸãããã®ã¯åçä¹³å€ã®äžè¬çåŸåã§ãã
ããããã¯åäœåãã®ä¹³å€å±€äžã«å«ãŸããããã²
ã³åéã®éã«åºãå¹æã§ãããæ¬çºæã«ãããã
ãã²ã³åéå«æéã®åœ±é¿ã¯ããã®ãããªå ¬ç¥ã®å¹
æãšã¯ç°ãªããåèšéçå€ã®ä»è¿ã§é調ãžã®å¹æ
ã倧ããå€åããããã®å€åã¯å®æœäŸïŒã«ç€ºã
ããæ¬çºæã®å¹æã¯ãåèšã®åŠã0.7ÎŒããããªã
å¹³åç²åŸãšãä¹³å€äžã®ããã²ã³åéå«æéã倧ã
ãããšã«ãã€ãŠãã¯ãããŠãããããã®ã§ããã åçä¹³å€ã®çµåå€ãŸãã¯ä¿è·ã³ãã€ããšããŠ
ã¯ããŒã©ãã³ãçšããã®ãæå©ã§ããããã以å€
ã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ããçšããããšãã§ãããããšã
ã°ãŒã©ãã³èªå°äœããŒã©ãã³ãšä»ã®é«ååãšã®ã°
ã©ããããªããŒãã¢ã«ããã³ãã«ãŒã€ã³çã®èçœ
質ïŒããããã·ãšãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ãã«ã«ããã·ã¡
ãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ãã»ã«ããŒãºç¡«é žãšã¹ãã«é¡çã®
åŠãã»ã«ããŒã¹èªå°äœãã¢ã«ã®ã³é žãœãŒãã柱ç²
èªå°äœãªã©ã®ç³èªå°äœãããªããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã
ããªããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«éšåã¢ã»ã¿ãŒã«ãããªâ
âããã«ãããªãã³ãããªã¢ã¯ãªã«é žãããªã¡ã¿
ã¯ãªã«é žãããªã¢ã¯ãªã«ã¢ãããããªããã«ã€ã
ããŸãŒã«ãããªããã«ãã©ãŸãŒã«çã®åäžããã
ã¯å ±éåäœã®åŠãå€çš®ã®åæ芪氎æ§é«ååç©è³ªã
çšããããšãã§ããã ãŒã©ãã³ãšããŠã¯ç³ç°åŠçãŒã©ãã³ã®ã»ããé ž
åŠçãŒã©ãã³ãçšããŠãããããŒã©ãã³å æ°Žå解
ç©ããŒã©ãã³é µçŽ å解ç©ãçšããããšãã§ããã
ãŒã©ãã³èªå°äœãšããŠã¯ããŒã©ãã³ã«ããšãã°é ž
ãã©ã€ããé žç¡æ°Žç©ãã€ãœã·ã¢ããŒãé¡ãããã¢
é ¢é žãã¢ã«ã«ã³ãµã«ãã³é¡ãããã«ã¹ã«ãã³ã¢ã
ãé¡ããã¬ã€ã³ã€ããååç©é¡ãããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³
ãªãã·ãé¡ããšããã·ååç©é¡ççš®ã ã®ååç©ã
åå¿ãããŠåŸããããã®ãçšããããããã®å ·äœ
äŸã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±2614928å·ãå3132945å·ãå
3186846å·ãå3312553å·ãè±åœç¹èš±861414å·ãå
1033189å·ãå1005784å·ãç¹å ¬æ42â26845å·ãª
ã©ã«èšèŒãããŠããã åèšãŒã©ãã³ã»ã°ã©ããããªããŒãšããŠã¯ããŒ
ã©ãã³ã«ã¢ã¯ãªã«é žãã¡ã¿ã¢ã¯ãªã«é žããããã®
ãšã¹ãã«ãã¢ãããªã©ã®èªå°äœãã¢ã¯ãªããããª
ã«ãã¹ãã¬ã³ãªã©ã®åŠããããã«ç³»ã¢ãããŒã®å
äžïŒãã¢ïŒãŸãã¯å ±éåäœãã°ã©ããããããã®
ãçšããããšãã§ãããããšã«ããŒã©ãã³ãšãã
çšåºŠçžæº¶æ§ã®ããããªããŒããšãã°ã¢ã¯ãªã«é žã
ã¡ã¿ã¢ã¯ãªã«é žãã¢ã¯ãªã«ã¢ãããã¡ã¿ã¢ã¯ãªã«
ã¢ãããããããã·ã¢ã«ãã«ã¡ã¿ã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒãç
ã®éåäœãšã®ã°ã©ããããªããŒã奜ãŸããããã
ãã®äŸã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±2763625å·ãå2831767å·ãå
2956884å·ãªã©ã«èšèŒãããã代衚çãªåæ芪氎
æ§é«ååç©è³ªã¯ããšãã°è¥¿ç¬ç¹èš±åºé¡ïŒOLSïŒ
2312708å·ãç±³åœç¹èš±3620751å·ãå3879205å·ã
ç¹å ¬æ43â7561å·ã«èšèŒã®ãã®ã§ããã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã§çšããããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã¯ååŠ
å¢æãããŠããªããŠãããããååŠå¢æãããã
ãã®ã奜ãŸãããããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã®ååŠå¢æã®
æ¹æ³ãšããŠãç¡«é»å¢æãéå å¢æåã³è²Žéå±å¢æ
æ³ãç¥ãããŠããã貎éå±å¢ææ³ã®ãã¡éå¢ææ³
ã¯ãã®ä»£è¡šçãªãã®ã§éååç©ãäž»ãšããŠéé¯å¡©
ãçšãããé以å€ã®è²Žéå±ãããšãã°çœéããã©
ãžãŠã ãã€ãªãžãŠã çã®é¯å¡©ãå«æããŠãå·®æ¯ã
ãªããéå å¢ææ³ã¯å®çšäžæ¯éã®ããã«ããªãç
ããªãç¯å²ã§ãªãçšããŠããããæ¬çºæã®å®æœã®
ããã«ç¹ã«å¥œãŸããååŠå¢æã¯ç¡«é»å¢ææ³ã§ã
ãã ç¡«é»å¢æå€ãšããŠã¯ããŒã©ãã³äžã«å«ãŸããç¡«
é»ååç©ã®ã»ããçš®ã ã®ç¡«é»ååç©ãããšãã°ã
ãªç¡«é žå¡©ãããªå°¿çŽ é¡ããã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãããŒãã
ã³é¡çãçšããããšãã§ãããå ·äœäŸã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±
1574944å·ãå2278947å·ãå2410689å·ãå
2728668å·ãå3501313å·ãå3656955å·ã«èšèŒã
ãããã®ã§ããã äžè¬åŒããã§ç€ºãããååç©ã®å ·äœäŸã以äž
ã«ç€ºããæ¬çºæã¯ããããããã«éå®ã¯ãããª
ãã äžè¬åŒããã§ç€ºãããååç©ã¯äžè¬ã«ã¯ãã
ã©ãžã³é¡ãšã®é žãšã®åå¿ãåã¯ããã©ãžã³é¡ãšã¢
ã·ã«ãã©ã€ãé¡ãšã®åå¿ã«ãã€ãŠåæããããšã
ã§ããã 次ã«å ·äœçãªåææ³ã«ã€ããŠèšãã ïŒååç©ïŒã®åæïŒ ã®é ž110ïœã25ã30âã«ãŠæ¹æãããããã«ïœ
âããªã«ããã©ãžã³107ïœãå°éãã€æ·»å ããã
æ·»å çµäºåŸã50âã«ãŠ20åéå ç±æ¹æããããæ°·
å·åŸåŸãããçµæ¶ãåããã¢ã»ããããªã«550
mlã«ãŠåçµæ¶ãããèç¹176ã177âã®ç¡è²éç¶çµ
æ¶54.5ïœãåŸãã ïŒååç©ïŒã®åæïŒ ã¢ã»ããããªã«100mläžã«25ã30âã«ãŠæ¹æã
ã€ã€ïœâããªã«ããã©ãžã³15ïœãå ããã次ãã§
ãã³ãŸã€ã«ã¯ããªã15ïœã25ã30âã«ãŠé€ã ã«æ»Ž
äžããã滎äžçµäºåŸã25ã30âã«ãŠïŒæéæ¹æã
ç¶ãããæ°·å·åŸãåŸãããçµæ¶ãåãããã³ãŒ
ã³ããåçµæ¶ãè¡ããèç¹146âã®ç¡è²éç¶çµæ¶
ïŒïœãåŸãã äžè¬åŒããã®ååç©ã¯ãæ¬çºæã®åçä¹³å€äž
ã«éåžž10-4ã10-1molïŒmolAgå«æãããã奜ãŸ
ããæ¿åºŠã¯10-3ãïŒÃ10-2molïŒmolAgã§ãç¹ã«
ïŒÃ10-3ãïŒÃ10-2molïŒmolAgã奜ãŸãããäž
è¬åŒããã®ååç©ãä¹³å€äžã«æ·»å ããã«ã¯ãå
çä¹³å€äžã®æ·»å å€ãå ããéåžžã®æ¹æ³ãçšããã
ãšãã§ãããäŸãã°æ°Žæº¶æ§ã®ååç©ã¯é©åœãªæ¿åºŠ
ã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãšããæ°Žã«äžæº¶åã¯é£æº¶ã®ååç©ã¯æ°Žãš
æ··åããã滎åœãªææ©æº¶åªãããšãã°ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«
é¡ããšãŒãã«é¡ãã°ãªã³ãŒã«é¡ãã¢ã»ãã³é¡ããš
ã¹ãã«é¡ãã¢ããé¡ãªã©ã®ãã¡ã§ãåçç¹æ§ã«æª
ãäœçšã®ãªããã®ã«ã溶解ãã溶液ãšããŠä¹³å€äž
ã«å ãããæ°Žäžæº¶æ§ïŒãããã油溶æ§ïŒã«ãã©ãŒ
ãä¹³å€äžã«åæ£ç©ã®åœ¢ã§å ãããšãã®ããç¥ãã
ãæ¹æ³ãçšããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã«çšãããããã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ã®ã
ã¡ã奜ãŸããååç©ã¯æ¬¡ã®äžè¬åŒããã§è¡šãã
ããã åŒäžïŒ¹ã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã12ã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºïŒäŸãã°ã¡
ãã«åºããããã«åºãããã¿ãã·ã«åºïŒãããã²
ã³ååïŒäŸãã°å¡©çŽ ååãèçŽ ååïŒãççŽ æ°ïŒ
ã12ã®ã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºïŒäŸãã°ã¡ããã·åºãã©ãŠãª
ã«ãªãã·åºïŒãççŽ æ°ïŒã13ã®ã¢ã·ã«åºïŒããšã
ã°ã¢ã»ãã«åºããã³ãžã«åºïŒãççŽ æ°ïŒã13ã®ã¢
ã·ã«ã¢ããåºïŒããšãã°ã¢ã»ãã«ã¢ããåºãã«ã
ãªãã€ã«ã¢ããåºããã³ãŸã€ã«ã¢ããåºããã³ãŒ
ã³ã¹ã«ããã«ã¢ããåºïŒãççŽ æ°ïŒã12ã®èèªæ
åã¯è³éŠæåºã§çœ®æãããŠãããã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«åº
ïŒäŸãã°ã¡ãã«ã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«åºãããšãã«ã«ã«ã
ã¢ã€ã«åºïŒãççŽ æ°ïŒã12ã®èèªæåã¯è³éŠæåº
ã§çœ®æãããŠãããã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºïŒããšãã°
ã¡ãã«ã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºãããšãã«ã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€
ã«åºïŒãŸãã¯åç°ãããã¯äºç°ã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºïŒäŸ
ãã°ããšãã«åºïŒããããããã¯ãããåºãè¡š
ããããšã¯ãªããïœã¯0.1ãŸãã¯ïŒãããããã
ïœãïŒã®ãšããäºã€ã®ïŒ¹ã¯äºã«ç°ãªãäºã€ã®çœ®æ
åºã§ãã€ãŠããããã«å«ãŸããã¢ã«ãã«åºéšå
ã®ççŽ æ°ã¯ïŒãïŒãç¹ã«å¥œãŸãããã¯æ°ŽçŽ å
åãããã²ã³ååïŒäŸãã°å¡©çŽ ååãèçŽ ååïŒ
åã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã10ã®ã¢ã·ã«åºïŒäŸãã°ã¢ã»ãã«
åºãããããªãã«åºïŒãããããã äžè¬åŒããã§è¡šããããååç©ã®å ·äœäŸã次
ã«ç€ºãã äžè¬åŒããã§è¡šãããããã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«
ååç©ã¯ãããšãã°ãªãŒã¬ããã¯ã»ã·ã³ã»ã·ã¹
ïŒOrganic SynthesisïŒãç·å·»ïŒã第106é ïŒãžã€
ãŒãã«ã»ãªãã»ã¶ã»ã±ãã«ã«ã»ãœãµãšãã€ïŒJ.
Chem.Soc.ïŒç¬¬119å·»ïŒ1921幎ïŒç¬¬2088ã94é ïŒ
åèªã1931幎ã第1143ã53é ïŒåèªãåºåã
1969幎ã第1474ã78é ãªã©ãåç §ããã°åæã§ã
ãã ãã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ã¯çŸå液äžã«æ·»å ãã
ããçŸå液ã«æ·»å ããã«ã¯ãæ°Žãæ··åããææ©æº¶
åªããªãã¡ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«é¡ïŒããšãã°ã¡ã¿ããŒã«ã
ãšã¿ããŒã«ïŒã±ãã³é¡ïŒããšãã°ã¢ã»ãã³ãã¡ã
ã«ãšãã«ã±ãã³ïŒããšã¹ãã«é¡ïŒäŸãã°é ¢é žãšã
ã«ïŒãªã©åã¯æ°Žã«æº¶è§£ããã溶液ãšããŠçŸå液ã®
調補éäžã«ããããã¯å®æããçŸå液äžã«å ãã
ã°ããããããã®æº¶åªã¯ãå¿ èŠãªãšãã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãª
æ§åã¯é žæ§ãšããŠçšããããšãã§ããã é²å åŸçŸååã«æå ææãããã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒ
ã«é¡ãå«ã济ã§åŠçããããšãã§ããã çŸå液äžãžã®æ·»å éãšããŠã¯ã10-6ã
10-1molïŒçŸå液ïœãé©åœã§ãããç¹ã«ïŒÃ10-5
ãïŒÃ10-2molïŒçŸå液ïœã奜ãŸããã æ¬çºæã®åçä¹³å€ã¯P.GlafkidesèChimie et
Physique PhotographiqueïŒPaul Montel瀟åã
1967幎ïŒãG.F.DuffinèPhotographic Emulsion
ChemistryïŒThe Focal Pressåã1966幎ïŒãV.L.
Zelikman et alèMaking and Coating
Photograaphic EmulsionïŒThe Focal Pressåã
1964幎ïŒãªã©ã«èšèŒãããæ¹æ³ãçšããŠèª¿è£œãã
ããšãã§ãããããªãã¡ãé žæ§æ³ãäžæ§æ³ãã¢ã³
ã¢ãã¢æ³çã®ãããã§ãããããŸãå¯æº¶æ§éå¡©ãš
å¯æº¶æ§ããã²ã³å¡©ãåå¿ããã圢åŒãšããŠã¯çåŽ
æ··åæ³ãåææ··åæ³ããããã®çµåããªã©ã®ãã
ããçšããŠãããã ç²åãéã€ãªã³éå°ã®äžã«ãããŠåœ¢æãããæ¹
æ³ïŒããããéæ··åæ³ïŒãçšããããšãã§ããã
åææ··åæ³ã®äžã€ã®åœ¢åŒãšããŠããã²ã³åéã®ç
æããã液çžäžã®pAgãäžå®ã«ä¿ã€æ¹æ³ãããªã
ã¡ããããã³ã³ãããŒã«ãã»ããã«ãžãšããæ³ã
çšãããããšãã§ãããã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããšãçµæ¶åœ¢
ãèŠåçã§ç²åãµã€ãºãåäžã«è¿ãããã²ã³åé
ä¹³å€ãããããã åçä¹³å€äžã®ããã²ã³åéç²åã¯ãç«æ¹äœãå «
é¢äœã®ãããªèŠåçïŒregularïŒãªçµæ¶äœãæã
ããã®ã§ãããããŸãçç¶ãæ¿ç¶ãªã©ã®ãããªå€
åçïŒirregularïŒãªçµæ¶ããã€ãã®ããããã¯
ãããã®çµæ¶åœ¢ã®è€å圢ããã€ãã®ã§ãããã
çš®ã ã®çµæ¶åœ¢ã®ç²åã®æ··åããæã€ãŠãããã ããã²ã³åéç²åã¯å éšãšè¡šå±€ãšãåäžãªçžã
ãæã€ãŠããŠããç°ãªãçžããã€ãŠããŠãããã ããã²ã³åéç²å圢æãŸãã¯ç©ççæã®éçšã«
ãããŠãã«ãããŠã å¡©ãäºéå¡©ãéå¡©ãã¿ãªãŠã
å¡©ãã€ãªãžãŠã å¡©ãŸãã¯ãã®é¯å¡©ãããžãŠã å¡©ãŸ
ãã¯ãã®é¯å¡©ãéå¡©ãŸãã¯éé¯å¡©ãªã©ãå ±åãã
ãŠãããã å¥ã ã«åœ¢æããïŒçš®ä»¥äžã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã
æ··åããŠçšããŠãããã ä¹³å€ã¯æ²æŸ±åœ¢æåŸãããã¯ç©ççæåŸã«éåžžå¯
溶æ§å¡©é¡ãé€å»ããããããã®ããã®æ段ãšããŠ
ã¯å€ãããç¥ããããŒã©ãã³ãã²ã«åãããŠè¡ãª
ãããŒãã«æ°ŽæŽæ³ãçšããŠãããããŸãå€äŸ¡ã¢ã
ãªã³ããæãç¡æ©å¡©é¡ãããšãã°ç¡«é žãããªãŠ
ã ãã¢ããªã³æ§çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãã¢ããªã³æ§ããªããŒ
ïŒããšãã°ããªã¹ãã¬ã³ã¹ã«ãã³é žïŒããããã¯ãŒ
ã©ãã³èªå°äœïŒããšãã°èèªæã¢ã·ã«åãŒã©ã
ã³ãè³éŠæã¢ã·ã«åãŒã©ãã³ãè³éŠæã«ã«ãã¢ã€
ã«åãŒã©ãã³ãªã©ïŒãå©çšããæ²éæ³ïŒããããŠ
ã¬ãŒã·ãšã³ïŒãçšããŠããããå¯æº¶æ§å¡©é¡é€å»ã®
éçšã¯çç¥ããŠãããã ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã¯ãååŠå¢æãè¡ãªããªã
ïŒããããæªåŸçïŒprimitiveïŒä¹³å€ãçšããããš
ãã§ããããéåžžã¯ååŠå¢æãããã ååŠå¢æã®ããã«ã¯ãéã€ãªã³ãšåå¿ãåŸãç¡«
é»ãå«ãååç©ã掻æ§ãŒã©ãã³ãçšããç¡«é»å¢æ
æ³ãšãšãã«éå æ§ç©è³ªãçšããéå å¢ææ³ãéãª
ã©ã®è²Žéå±ååç©ãçšãã貎éå±å¢ææ³ãªã©ãçµ
åããŠçšããããšãã§ããã ãããã«ã€ããŠã¯åèšGlafkidesãŸãã¯
Zelikmanãã®èæžãããã¯H.Frieserç·šDie
Grundlagen der photographischen Prozesse
mit SilberhalogenidenïŒAkademische
VerlagsgesellschaftïŒ1968ïŒã«èšèŒãããŠããã
ç¡«é»å¢æå€ã®å ·äœäŸã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±1574944å·ã
2410689å·ã2278947å·ã2728668å·ã3656955å·ã«
èšèŒãããŠãããéå å¢æå€ãšããŠã¯ç¬¬äžãã
å¡©ãã¢ãã³é¡ããã«ã ã¢ããžã³ã¹ã«ãã€ã³é žãã·
ã©ã³ååç©ãªã©ãçšããããšãã§ãããããã®å ·
äœäŸã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±2487850å·ã2518698å·ã2983609
å·ã2983610å·ã2694637å·ã«èšèŒãããŠããã貎
éå±å¢æã®ããã«ã¯éçœéãã€ãªãžãŠã ããã«ãž
ãŠã çã®åšæåŸè¡šæã®éå±ã®é¯å¡©ãçšããããš
ãã§ãããã®å ·äœäŸã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±2448060å·ãè±åœ
ç¹èš±618061å·ãªã©ã«èšèŒãããŠããã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããŠãåé²å ãããããã²ã³
åéåçæå ææãåçåŠçããã«éããŠã¯ãçŸ
å液äžã«ãã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡åã³0.15ã¢ã«ïŒ
以äžã®äºç¡«é žã€ãªã³ãå«ãããšåã³PH11ã12.3ã«
ãããŠçŸåãããããšä»¥å€ã«ã¯ãå ¬ç¥ã®æ¹æ³ãšå
æ§ã«è¡ãããšãã§ãããçŸå液以å€ã®åŠç液ã«ã¯
å ¬ç¥ã®ãã®ãçšããããšãã§ãããç®çã«å¿ãé
ç»åã®ã¿ã圢æããçŸååŠçïŒé»çœåçåŠçïŒã
ããã¯ãè²çŽ åã圢æãã¹ãçŸååŠçããæãã«
ã©ãŒåçåŠçã®ãããã§ãé©çšã§ãããåŠç枩床
ã¯æ®é18âãã50âã®éã«éžã°ãããã18âãã
äœã枩床ãŸãã¯50âãããã枩床ãšããŠãããã é»çœåçåŠçããå Žåã«çšããçŸå液ã¯ãç¥ã
ããŠããçŸåäž»è¬ãå«ãããšãã§ãããçŸåäž»è¬
ãšããŠã¯ããžããããã·ãã³ãŒã³é¡ïŒããšãã°ã
ã€ããããã³ïŒãïŒâãã©ãŸãªãã³é¡ïŒããšãã°
ïŒâããšãã«âïŒâãã©ãŸãªãã³ïŒãã¢ããããš
ããŒã«é¡ïŒããšãã°ïŒ®âã¡ãã«âïœâã¢ããããš
ããŒã«ïŒãïŒâããšãã«âïŒâãã©ãŸãªã³é¡ãªã©
ããéžãã§çšããããšãã§ããã çŸå液ã«ã¯äžè¬ã«ãã®ä»å ¬ç¥ã®ä¿æå€ãã¢ã«ã«
ãªå€ãPHç·©è¡å€ãã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãªã©ãå«ã¿ããã
ã«å¿ èŠã«å¿ã溶解å©å€ãè²èª¿å€ãçŸåä¿é²å€ãç
é¢æŽ»æ§å€ãæ¶æ³¡å€ã硬氎è»åå€ã硬èå€ãç²æ§ä»
äžå€ãªã©ãå«ãã§ãããã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããšã0.15ã¢ã«ïŒä»¥äžã®äº
ç¡«é žã€ãªã³ãå«ãçŸå液ã§çŸåããŠãã10ããã
ãγãããåŸãããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã§ã¯çŸå液
ã®PHã¯11.0ã12.3ã§ããããšãå¿ èŠã§ããã11.5
ã12.0ã奜ãŸãããPHãäœãå Žåã«ã¯ãæ¬çºæã®
å¢æã硬調åå¹æãããããšãå°é£ã§ãããPHã
12.3ãããããšãäºç¡«é žã€ãªã³ã®æ¿åºŠãé«ããŠã
çŸå液ãäžå®å®ã§ãïŒæ¥é以äžã«ããã€ãŠå®å®ã
ãåçç¹æ§ãç¶æããããšãã§ããªããæ¬çºæã®
åçä¹³å€ãçŸåããéã«å®è³ªçã«ã«ããªãäžãã
éã®ã«ãããå€ïŒçŸåæ žåœ¢æå€ïŒãå«ãçŸå液ã¯
çšããããªãã å®ç液ãšããŠã¯äžè¬ã«çšããããçµæã®ãã®ã
çšããããšãã§ãããå®çå€ãšããŠã¯ããªç¡«é ž
å¡©ãããªã·ã¢ã³é žå¡©ã®ã»ããå®çå€ãšããŠã®å¹æ
ãç¥ãããŠããææ©ç¡«é»ååç©ãçšããããšãã§
ãããå®ç液ã«ã¯ç¡¬èå€ãšããŠæ°Žæº¶æ§ã¢ã«ãããŠ
ã å¡©ãå«ãã§ãããã æ¬çºæã§çšããããæå ææã«ã¯ãã«ããªé²æ¢
å€ãå«ãã§ãããæ¬çºæã®ä¹³å€ã«çšããŠæå©ãªã«
ããªé²æ¢å€ã¯ãäŸãã°ïŒäœã«ã¡ãã«ã«ãã眮æã
ããïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâããªã¢ãŸãŒã«ååç©ãïŒâã¡ã«
ã«ãããã³ãºã€ãããŸãŒã«ååç©ïŒãã ãããã
åºãæããŠã¯ãªããªãïŒãïŒâã¡ã«ã«ããããªã
ãžã³é¡ãïŒâã¡ã«ã«ãããã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãã
ã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªãŠã ååç©ïŒããšãã°ïŒ®âã¢ã«ãã«
ãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªãŠã ãã©ã€ããâã¢ãªã«ãã³ãŸ
ãã¢ãŸãªãŠã ãã©ã€ããïŒâã¡ã«ã«ããïŒïŒïŒâ
ãã¢ãžã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãªã©ã§ãããã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãšã
ãŠããã ããçšããŠãæå¹ã§ãªãã«ããªé²æ¢å€ã
ãããäŸãã°ïŒâããããã³ãºã€ãããŸãŒã«ãïŒ
âããããã·âïŒïŒïŒïŒ3aïŒïŒâããã©ã¶ã€ã³
ãã³é¡ãªã©ã§ããããããããããæå©ãªã«ããª
é²æ¢å€ãšçµåããŠçšããããšã¯ã§ããã ç²å圢æåŸãååŠçæåãååŠçæåŸãŸãã¯å¡
åžåã«å°éã®æ²åç©ïŒããšãã°æ²åã«ãªãªã©ïŒã
ä¹³å€ã«æ·»å ãããšãæ¬çºæã®å¹æãããã«å€§ã«ã
ããæ²åç©ã¯10-4ã10-2molïŒmolAgå ããã®ã
é©åœã§ããã æ¬çºæã§çšããããåçä¹³å€ã¯ãã¡ãã³è²çŽ é¡
ãã®ä»ã«ãã€ãŠåå å¢æãããŠãããçšãããã
è²çŽ ã«ã¯ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãè€
åã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãè€åã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãããã
ãŒã©ãŒã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãããã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãã¹ããª
ã«è²çŽ ãããã³ãããªããœããŒã«è²çŽ ãå å«ãã
ããç¹ã«æçšãªè²çŽ ã¯ã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãã¡ãã·ã¢ã
ã³è²çŽ ããã³è€åã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ã«å±ããè²çŽ
ã§ããããããã®è²çŽ é¡ã«ã¯å¡©åºæ§ç°ç¯ç°æ žãšã
ãŠã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ é¡ã«éåžžå©çšãããæ žã®ãããã
ãé©çšã§ãããããªãã¡ããããªã³æ žããªããµãŸ
ãªã³æ žããã¢ãŸãªã³æ žããããŒã«æ žããªããµãŸãŒ
ã«æ žããã¢ãŸãŒã«æ žãã»ã¬ããŸãŒã«æ žãã€ãããŸ
ãŒã«æ žãããã©ãŸãŒã«æ žãããªãžã³æ žãªã©ïŒãã
ãã®æ žã«èç°åŒçåæ°ŽçŽ ç°ãèåããæ žïŒããã³
ãããã®æ žã«è³éŠæçåæ°ŽçŽ ãèåããæ žãããª
ãã¡ãã€ã³ãã¬ãã³æ žããã³ãºã€ã³ãã¬ãã³æ žã
ã€ã³ããŒã«æ žããã³ãºãªããµãŸãŒã«æ žãããããª
ããµãŸãŒã«æ žããã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãŒã«æ žãããããã¢
ãŸãŒã«æ žããã³ãŸã»ã¬ããŸãŒã«æ žããã³ãºã€ãã
ãŸãŒã«æ žããããªã³æ žãªã©ãé©çšã§ãããããã
ã®æ žã¯ççŽ ååäžã«çœ®æãããŠããŠãããã ã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãŸãã¯è€åã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ
ã«ã¯ã±ãã¡ãã¬ã³æ§é ãæããæ žãšããŠããã©ãŸ
ãªã³âïŒâãªã³æ žãããªããã³ãã€ã³æ žãïŒâã
ãªãªããµãŸãªãžã³âïŒïŒïŒâãžãªã³æ žããã¢ãŸãª
ãžã³âïŒïŒïŒâãžãªã³æ žãããŒããã³æ žãããªã
ã«ãããŒã«é žæ žãªã©ã®ïŒãïŒå¡ç°ç¯ç°æ žãé©çšã
ãããšãã§ããã æçšãªå¢æè²çŽ ã¯äŸãã°ãã€ãç¹èš±929080å·ã
ç±³åœç¹èš±2231658å·ãå2493748å·ãå2503776å·ã
å2519001å·ãå2912329å·ãå3656959å·ãå
3672897å·ãå3694217å·ãè±åœç¹èš±1242588å·ã
ç¹å ¬æ44â14030å·ã«èšèŒããããã®ã§ããã ãããã®å¢æè²çŽ ã¯åç¬ã«çšããŠãããããã
ããã®çµåããçšããŠããããå¢æè²çŽ ã®çµåã
ã¯ç¹ã«åŒ·è²å¢æã®ç®çã§ãã°ãã°çšãããããã
ã®ä»£è¡šäŸã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±2688545å·ãå2977229å·ãå
3397060å·ãå3522052å·ãå3527641å·ãå
3617293å·ãå3628964å·ãå3666480å·ãå
3679428å·ãå3703377å·ãå3769301å·ãå
3814609å·ãå3837862å·ãè±åœç¹èš±1344281å·ã
ç¹å ¬æ43â4936å·ãªã©ã«èšèŒãããŠããã å¢æè²çŽ ãšãšãã«ãããèªèº«åå å¢æäœçšãã
ããªãè²çŽ ãããã¯å¯èŠå ãå®è³ªçã«åžåããªã
ç©è³ªã§ãã€ãŠã匷è²å¢æã瀺ãç©è³ªãä¹³å€äžã«å«
ãã§ããããããšãã°å«ããçŽ ç°ç¯ç°åºã§çœ®æã
ããã¢ããã¹ãã«ãã³ååç©ïŒããšãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±
2933390å·ãå3635721å·ã«èšèŒã®ãã®ïŒãè³éŠæ
ææ©é žãã«ã ã¢ã«ãããçž®åç©ïŒããšãã°ç±³åœç¹
èš±3743510å·ã«èšèŒã®ãã®ïŒãã«ãããŠã å¡©ãã¢ã¶
ã€ã³ãã³ååç©ãªã©ãå«ãã§ããããç±³åœç¹èš±
3615613å·ãå3615641å·ã3617295å·ãå3635721
å·ã«èšèŒã®çµåãã¯ç¹ã«æçšã§ããã æ¬çºæã§çšããããæå ææã«ã¯ãã€ã«ã¿ãŒæ
æãšããŠããããã¯ã€ã©ãžãšãŒã·ãšã³é²æ¢ãã®ä»
çš®ã ã®ç®çã§ã氎溶æ§ææãå«æããŠããããã®
ãããªææã«ã¯ãªããœããŒã«ææããããªããœã
ãŒã«ææãã¹ããªã«ææãã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³ææãã·
ã¢ãã³ææåã³ã¢ãŸææãå å«ããããäžã§ããª
ããœããŒã«ææïŒãããªããœããŒã«ææåã³ã¡ã
ã·ã¢ãã³ææãæçšã§ãããçšãåŸãææã®å ·äœ
äŸã¯è±åœç¹èš±584609å·ãå1177429å·ãç¹éæ48
â85130å·ãå49â99620å·ãå49â114420å·ãç±³
åœç¹èš±2274782å·ãå2533472å·ãå2956879å·ã
å3148187å·ãå3177078å·ãå3247127å·ãå
3540887å·ãå3575704å·ãå3653905å·ãå
3718472å·ã«èšèŒããããã®ã§ããã æ¬çºæã§çšããããæå ææã«ã¯ç¡æ©ãŸãã¯æ
æ©ã®ç¡¬èå€ãå«æããŠãããäŸãã°ã¯ãã å¡©ïŒã¯
ãã æã°ããé ¢é žã¯ãã ãªã©ïŒãã¢ã«ãããé¡
ïŒãã«ã ã¢ã«ããããã°ãªãªããµãŒã«ãã°ã«ã¿ãŒ
ã«ã¢ã«ããããªã©ïŒãâã¡ãããŒã«ååç©ïŒãž
ã¡ãããŒã«å°¿çŽ ãã¡ãããŒã«ãžã¡ãã«ããã³ãã€
ã³ãªã©ïŒããžãªããµã³èªå°äœïŒïŒïŒïŒâãžããã
ãã·ãžãªããµã³ãªã©ïŒã掻æ§ããã«ååç©ïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒïŒïŒâããªã¢ã¯ãªãã€ã«âãããµãããâïœâ
ããªã¢ãžã³ããã¹ïŒããã«ã¹ã«ããã«ïŒã¡ãã«ãš
ãŒãã«ãªã©ïŒã掻æ§ããã²ã³ååç©ïŒïŒïŒïŒâãž
ã¯ãã«âïŒâããããã·âïœâããªã¢ãžã³ãªã©ïŒã
ã ã³ããã²ã³é žé¡ïŒã ã³ã¯ãã«é žãã ã³ããšãã
ã·ã¯ãã«é žãªã©ïŒãã€ãœãªããµãŸãŒã«é¡ããžã¢ã«
ãããã§ãç²ãïŒâã¯ãã«âïŒâããããã·ããª
ã¢ãžãã«åãŒã©ãã³ãªã©ããåç¬ãŸãã¯çµåããŠ
çšããããšãã§ããããã®å ·äœäŸã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±
1870354å·ãå2080019å·ãå2726162å·ãå
2870013å·ãå2983611å·ãå2992109å·ãå
3047394å·ãå3057723å·ãå3103437å·ãå
3321313å·ãå3325287å·ãå3362827å·ãå
3539644å·ãå3543292å·ãè±åœç¹èš±676628å·ãå
825544å·ãå1270578å·ããã€ãç¹èš±872153å·ã
å1090427å·ãç¹å ¬æ34â7133å·ãå46â1872å·
ãªã©ã«èšèŒãããã æ¬çºæã§çšããããæå ææã«ã¯å¡åžå©å€ã垯
é»é²æ¢ãã¹ããªæ§æ¹è¯ãä¹³ååæ£ãæ¥çé²æ¢ãã
ã³åçç¹æ§æ¹è¯ïŒããšãã°çŸåä¿é²ã硬調åãå¢
æïŒãªã©çš®ã ã®ç®çã§çš®ã ã®å ¬ç¥ã®çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ã
å«ãã§ãããã ããšãã°ãµããã³ïŒã¹ããã€ãç³»ïŒãã¢ã«ãã¬
ã³ãªããµã€ãèªå°äœïŒäŸãã°ããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³
ãŒã«ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ïŒããªãããã¬ã³
ã°ãªã³ãŒã«çž®åç©ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¢ã«
ãã«ãŸãã¯ã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ãªãŒã«ãšãŒãã«ãããªãšã
ã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãšã¹ãã«é¡ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³
ãŒã«ãœã«ãã¿ã³ãšã¹ãã«é¡ãããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãª
ã³ãŒã«ã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ãã³ãŸãã¯ã¢ããé¡ãã·ãªã³ãŒ
ã³ã®ããªãšãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãä»å ç©é¡ïŒãã°ãªã·
ããŒã«èªå°äœïŒããšãã°ã¢ã«ã±ãã«ã³ãã¯é žããª
ã°ãªã»ãªããã¢ã«ãã«ããšããŒã«ããªã°ãªã»ãª
ãïŒãå€äŸ¡ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã®èèªé žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãç³ã®
ã¢ã«ãã«ãšã¹ãã«é¡ãåãããŠã¬ã¿ã³é¡ãŸãã¯ãš
ãŒãã«é¡ãªã©ã®éã€ãªã³æ§çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ïŒããªãã«
ããã€ãç³»ãµããã³ãã¢ã«ãã«ã«ã«ãã³é žå¡©ãã¢
ã«ãã«ã¹ã«ããªã³é žå¡©ãã¢ã«ãã«ãã³ãŒã³ã¹ã«ã
ãªã³é žå¡©ãã¢ã«ãã«ããã¿ã¬ã³ã¹ã«ããªã³é žå¡©ã
ã¢ã«ãã«ç¡«é žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãã¢ã«ãã«ãªã³é žãšã¹ã
ã«é¡ãâã¢ã·ã«ââã¢ã«ãã«ã¿ãŠãªã³é žãã¹
ã«ãã³ãã¯é žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãã¹ã«ãã¢ã«ãã«ããªãª
ãã·ãšãšãã¬ã³ã¢ã«ãã«ããšãã«ãšãŒãã«é¡ãã
ãªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ã¢ã«ãã«ãªã³é žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãªã©
ã®ãããªãã«ã«ããã·åºãã¹ã«ãåºããã¹ãåºã
ç¡«é žãšã¹ãã«åºãçé žãšã¹ãã«åºçã®é žæ§åºãå«
ãã¢ããªã³çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ïŒã¢ããé žé¡ãã¢ããã¢ã«
ãã«ã¹ã«ãã³é žé¡ãã¢ããã¢ã«ãã«ç¡«é žãŸãã¯ç
é žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãã¢ã«ãã«ãã¿ã€ã³é¡ãã¢ãã³ã€ã
ãé¡ãã¢ãã³ãªãã·ãé¡ãªã©ã®äž¡æ§çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ïŒ
ã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ãã³å¡©é¡ãèèªæãããã¯è³éŠæ第ïŒ
çŽã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã å¡©é¡ãããªãžããŠã ãã€ãããŸãª
ãŠã ãªã©ã®è€çŽ ç°ç¬¬ïŒçŽã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã å¡©é¡ããã
ã³èèªæãŸãã¯è€çŽ ç°ãå«ããã¹ãããŠã ãŸãã¯
ã¹ã«ãããŠã å¡©é¡ãªã©ã®ã«ããªã³çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãçš
ããããšãã§ããã ãããã®çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ã®å ·äœäŸã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±
2240472å·ãå2831766å·ãå3158484å·ãå
3210191å·ãå3294540å·ãå3507660å·ãè±åœç¹
èš±1012495å·ãå1022878å·ãå1179290å·ãå
1198450å·ãç¹éæ50â117414å·ãç±³åœç¹èš±
2739891å·ãå2823123å·ãå3068101å·ãå
3415649å·ãå3666478å·ãå3756828å·ãè±åœç¹
èš±1397218å·ãç±³åœç¹èš±3133816å·ãå3441413å·ã
å3475174å·ãå3545974å·ãå3726683å·ãå
3843368å·ããã«ã®ãŒç¹èš±731126å·ãè±åœç¹èš±
1138514å·ãå1159825å·ãå1374780å·ãç¹å ¬æ
40â378å·ãå40â379å·ãå43â13822å·ãç±³åœ
ç¹èš±2271623å·ãå2288226å·ãå2944900å·ãå
3253919å·ãå3671247å·ãå3772021å·ãå
3589906å·ãå3666478å·ãå3754924å·ã西ç¬ç¹
èš±åºé¡OLS1961638å·ãç¹éæ50â59025å·ãªã©
ã«èšèŒã®ãã®ã§ããã æ¬çºæã§çšããããæå ææã«ã¯å¯žåºŠå®å®æ§ã®
æ¹è¯ãªã©ã®ç®çã§ãæ°Žäžæº¶ãŸãã¯é£æº¶æ§åæããª
ããŒã®åæ£ç©ãå«ãããšãã§ãããããšãã°ã¢ã«
ãã«ïŒã¡ã¿ïŒã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒããã¢ã«ã³ãã·ã¢ã«ãã«
ïŒã¡ã¿ïŒã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒããã°ãªã·ãžã«ïŒã¡ã¿ïŒã¢ã¯
ãªã¬ãŒããïŒã¡ã¿ïŒã¢ã¯ãªã«ã¢ãããããã«ãšã¹
ãã«ïŒããšãã°é ¢é žããã«ïŒãã¢ã¯ãªããããªã«ã
ãªã¬ãã€ã³ãã¹ãã¬ã³ãªã©ã®åç¬ãããã¯çµå
ãããŸãã¯ããããšã¢ã¯ãªã«é žãã¡ã¿ã¢ã¯ãªã«
é žãαïŒÎ²âäžé£œåãžã«ã«ãã³é žãããããã·ã¢
ã«ãã«ïŒã¡ã¿ïŒã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒããã¹ã«ããªã¢ã«ãã«
ïŒã¡ã¿ïŒã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒããã¹ãã¬ã³ã¹ã«ããªã³é žãª
ã©ã®çµåããåéäœæåãšããããªããŒãçšãã
ããšãã§ãããããšãã°ãç±³åœç¹èš±2376005å·ã
å2739137å·ãå2853457å·ãå3062674å·ãå
3411911å·ãå3488708å·ãå3525620å·ãä¿
3607290å·ãå3635715å·ãå3645740å·ãè±åœç¹
èš±1186699å·ãå1307373å·ã«èšèŒã®ãã®ãçšãã
ããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã®åŠã硬調乳å€ã¯ç·ç»ã®å
çã«é©ããŠããããã®ãããªçšéã§ã¯å¯žåºŠå®å®æ§
ãéèŠã§ããããããã®ãããªããªããŒåæ£ç©ã
å«ãããšã¯å¥œãŸããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ 50âã«ä¿ã€ããŒã©ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²äžã«ãç¡é žé氎溶
液ãšèåã«ãªæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãåæã«50åéã«å ãããã®
épAgã7.9ã«ä¿ã€ããšã«ãããå¹³åç²åŸ0.25ÎŒã®
èåéä¹³å€ã調補ããããã®ä¹³å€ã¯ãå¯æº¶æ§å¡©é¡
ãåžžæ³ã§é€å»ããåŸãèåéïŒã¢ã«åœã43mgã®ã
ãªç¡«é žãããªãŠã ãå ã60âã§60åéååŠçæã
ããããã®ä¹³å€ã«ã¯èåéïŒã¢ã«åœã120ïœã®ãŒ
ã©ãã³ãå«ãããã®ä¹³å€ã®å éšæ床ã¯è¡šé¢æ床ã«
æ¯ãç¡èŠã§ããã»ã©äœãã ãã®èåéä¹³å€ãäºåããäžæ¹ã«æ¬çºæã®åå
ç©äŸâïŒãããã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«åœãïŒÃ10-2ã¢
ã«å ãããã«ç¡¬èå€ïŒâããããã·âïŒïŒïŒâãž
ã¯ããâïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâããªã¢ãžã³ã»ãããªãŠã å¡©
ãå ãããããäžæ¹ã«ã¯äžèšç¡¬èå€ã®ã¿ãå ãã
åŸãåã ããªãšãã¬ã³ãã¬ãã¿ã¬ãŒãã»ãã€ã«ã
äžã«100cm2åœãéé45mgã«ãªãããã«å¡åžããã
ãããã®è©Šæãå æ¥äžã§ïŒç§éé²å ããåŸãæ¬çº
æã®ååç©äŸâïŒïŒâïŒïŒâïŒåã³âïŒ
ã®ãããããå«ãäžèšçµæã®çŸå液ãçšããŠ20â
ã§ïŒåéçŸåãã以åŸéåžžã®åŠçããããæ¯èŒãš
ããŠååç©äŸã®ãããããå«ãŸãªãå Žåãåæ§
ã«åŠçããã âã¡ãã«âïœâã¢ããããšããŒã«ããç¡«é žå¡©
ïŒïœ ãã€ããããã³ 10ïœ ç¡æ°Žäºç¡«é žãããªãŠã 75ïœ ã¡ã¿ããŠé žãããªãŠã åæ°Žå¡© 30ïœ æ°Žé žåã«ãªãŠã 12ïœ äžè¬åŒããã®ååç© ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºã æ°Žãå ããŠ ïŒ ïŒPHïŒ11.5ïŒ åŸãããåçç¹æ§ã¯ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãåŠãã§ããã
第ïŒè¡šã§çžå¯Ÿæ床ã¯ãã«ããªãé€ãæ¿åºŠ2.0ãåŸ
ãããé²å éã®éæ°ã®çžå¯Ÿå€ã§ãè©ŠæïŒã®å€ã
100ãšããŠç€ºãããã®ã§ããã
ãªãã¬ããé調ã®åçç»åã圢æããæ¹æ³ã«é¢ã
ãã ããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã«ããã©ãžã³ååç©ãæ·»
å ããŠã硬調ãªãã¬ããé調ã®åçç¹æ§ãåŸãæ¹
æ³ããç±³åœç¹èš±2419975å·ã§ç¥ãããŠãããåç¹
èš±æ现æžã«ã¯å¡©èåéä¹³å€ã«ããã©ãžã³ååç©ã
æ·»å ãã12.8ãšãããããªé«ãPHã®çŸå液ã§çŸå
ãããšãã¬ã³ãïŒÎ³ïŒã10ãããã極ããŠç¡¬èª¿ãª
åçç¹æ§ãåŸãããããšãèšèŒãããŠããããã
ããPHã13ã«è¿ã匷ã¢ã«ã«ãªçŸå液ã¯ã空æ°é žå
ããæãäžå®å®ã§ãé·æéã®ä¿åã䜿çšã«èããª
ãã ã¬ã³ãã10ããããè¶ ç¡¬èª¿ãªåçç¹æ§ã¯ããã¬
é調ãããžé調ã®ãããã«ãããå°å·è£œçã«æçš
ãªç¶²ç¹ç»åïŒdot imageïŒã«ããé£ç¶èª¿ç»åã®å
ççåçŸãããã¯ç·ç»ã®åçã«æ¥µããŠæçšã§ã
ãããã®ãããªç®çã®ããã«åŸæ¥ã¯ãå¡©åéã®å«
æéã50ã¢ã«ïŒ ã奜ãŸããã¯75ã¢ã«ïŒ ããããã
ããªå¡©èåéåçä¹³å€ãçšããäºç¡«é žã€ãªã³ã®æ
å¹æ¿åºŠã極ããŠäœãïŒéåžž0.1ã¢ã«ïŒä»¥äžïŒã
ããã€ããããã³çŸå液ã§çŸåããæ¹æ³ãäžè¬ç
ã«çšããããŠãããããããã®æ¹æ³ã§ã¯çŸå液äž
ã®äºç¡«é žã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãäœãããã«ãçŸå液ã¯æ¥µã
ãŠäžå®å®ã§ãïŒæ¥éããããä¿åã«èããªãã ãããã®æ¹æ³ã¯ããããå¡©åéå«éã®æ¯èŒçé«
ãå¡©èåéä¹³å€ãçšããããšãå¿ èŠãšããããã
é«ãæ床ãåŸãããšãã§ããªãã€ããåŸã€ãŠãé«
æ床ã®ä¹³å€ãšå®å®ãªçŸå液ãçšããŠã網ç¹ç»åã
ç·ç»ã®åçŸã«æçšãªè¶ 硬調åçç¹æ§ãåŸãããšã
匷ãèŠæãããŠããã æ¬çºæã®ç®çã¯ç¬¬äžã«ãå®å®ãªçŸå液ãçšããŠ
極ããŠç¡¬èª¿ãªãã¬ããé調ã®åçç¹æ§ãæããå
çç»åã圢æããæ¹æ³ãæäŸããããšã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ç®çã¯ç¬¬äºã«ãé«æ床ã§æ¥µããŠç¡¬èª¿ãª
ãã¬ããé調ã®åçç¹æ§ãäžããåçç»å圢ææ¹
æ³ãæäŸããããšã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ç®çã¯ããã«ãã«ããªã®å°ã極ããŠç¡¬
調ãªãã¬ããåçç»åã圢æããæ¹æ³ãæäŸãã
ããšã§ããã æ¬çºæã®äžèšè«žç®çã¯ãå¹³åç²åŸã0.7ãã¯ã
ã³ãã倧ã§ãªããå®è³ªçã«è¡šé¢æœååã§ãããã
ãªååæ£ã®ããã²ã³åéç²åããæããããã²ã³
åéïŒã¢ã«åœã250ïœããå€ããªããã€ã³ããŒã
å«æããããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€å±€ãå°ããšãäžã€
æããŠããã該乳å€å±€åã¯ä»ã®å°ããšãäžã€ã®èŠª
æ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãå±€ã«äžè¬åŒããã§è¡šããããåå
ç©ãå«æããåçæå ææããåé²å åŸããã³ãŸ
ããªã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãå«ã¿ããã€0.15ã¢ã«ïŒä»¥äžã®
äºç¡«é žã€ãªã³ãå«ãçŸå液ã§ãPH11.0ã12.3ã«ã
ããŠçŸåããããšã«ãã€ãŠãéæãããã R1NHNHCOR2 ãã åŒäžR1ã¯åç°åã¯ïŒç°ã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºãè¡šããã
äžèšã¢ãªãŒã«åºã¯çœ®æãããŠããããé»ååžåŒæ§
ã§ãªã眮æåºãããšãã°ççŽ æ°ïŒã20ã®ã¢ã«ãã«
åºïŒåæãæããŠãããïŒãã¢ã«ãã«éšã®ççŽ æ°
ãïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã©ã«ãã«åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºïŒççŽ æ°
ïŒã20ïŒãã¢ã«ãã«åºïŒççŽ æ°ïŒã20ïŒã§ã¢ããŒ
ãŸãã¯ãžãŒçœ®æãããã¢ããåºãèèªæã¢ã·ã«ã¢
ããåºïŒççŽ æ°ïŒã21ïŒãè³éŠæã¢ã·ã«ã¢ããåº
ãªã©ãæããããšãã§ããã R2ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååãççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã§ãã€ãŠåæã
ãã€ãŠãããã¢ã«ãã«åºåã¯ããšãã«åºãããã
ããã¢ã«ãã«åºã¯çœ®æãããªãããšãæãŸããã
ããšãã«åºã¯çœ®æãããŠããããã眮æåºã¯é»å
åžåŒæ§ã®çœ®æåºããšãã°ããã²ã³ååïŒå¡©çŽ ãè
çŽ ãªã©ïŒãã·ã¢ãåºãããªãã«ãªãã¡ãã«åºãã«
ã«ããã·åºãã¹ã«ãåºãªã©ã§ããããšãæãŸã
ãã R1ã§è¡šãããã眮æåºã®å ·äœäŸã¯ãããšãã«
åºãαâãããã«åºãβâãããã«åºãïœâããª
ã«åºãïœâããªã«åºãïœâããªã«åºãïœâã¡ãã
ã·ããšãã«åºãïœâã¡ããã·ããšãã«åºãïœâãž
ã¡ãã«ã¢ããããšãã«åºãïœâãžãšãã«ã¢ããã
ãšãã«åºãïœâïŒã¢ã»ãã«ã¢ããïŒããšãã«åºã
ïœâïŒã«ããªãã€ã«ã¢ããïŒããšãã«åºãïœâ
ïŒãã³ãŸã€ã«ã¢ããïŒããšãã«åºãïœâãã³ãžã«
ããšãã«åºãªã©ã§ããã R2ã§è¡šããããæ°ŽçŽ åå以å€ã®çœ®æåºã®å ·äœ
äŸã¯ã¡ãã«åºããšãã«åºãïœâãããã«åºãã€ãœ
ãããã«åºãããšãã«åºãïŒâã¯ããããšãã«
åºãïŒâããã¢ããšãã«åºãïŒâã¯ããããšãã«
åºãïŒâã·ã¢ãããšãã«åºãïŒâã«ã«ããã·ããš
ãã«åºãïŒâã¹ã«ãããšãã«åºãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ã
ãããšãã«åºãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ããããšãã«åºã§ã
ãã R1ã§è¡šãããã眮æåºã®ãã¡å¥œãŸããã®ã¯å
ç°ã¢ãªãŒã«åºã§ãã€ãŠãç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã®ã¯ç¡çœ®æ
ããšãã«åºåã³ããªã«åºã§ããã R2ã§è¡šãããã眮æåºã®ãã¡å¥œãŸããã®ã¯æ°Ž
çŽ ååãã¡ãã«åºãåã³çœ®æããããã®ãå«ãã
ãšãã«åºã§ãããç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã®ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååã§ã
ãã äžè¬åŒããã§ç€ºãããååç©ã®ãã¡å¥œãŸãã
ã®ã¯ãäžè¬åŒãïœãã§ç€ºãããååç©ã§ããã R1NHNHCOR12 ãïœã åŒäžR1ã¯äžè¬åŒããã«ããããšåãæå³ã
ãã¡ãR12ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååãã¡ãã«åºãç¡çœ®æããšã
ã«åºåã¯é»ååžåŒæ§åºã§çœ®æãããããšãã«åºã
ããããã äžè¬åŒãïœãã§ç€ºãããååç©ã®ãã¡ç¹ã«å¥œ
ãŸããã®ã¯ãäžè¬åŒãïœãã§ç€ºãããååç©ã§
ããã R11NHNHCHO ãïœã åŒäžR11ã¯ç¡çœ®æããšãã«åºãåã¯ããªã«åºã
è¡šããã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠçšããããããã²ã³åéç²åã¯
å®è³ªçã«è¡šé¢æœååã§ãããå¥ã®è¡šçŸãããã°ã
å®è³ªçã«å éšæœååã§ãªããæ¬çºæã§ãå®è³ªçã«
è¡šé¢æœååã§ããããšã¯ãïŒã1/100ç§é²å åŸäž
èšã«ç€ºãè¡šé¢çŸå(A)åã³å éšçŸå(B)ã®æ¹æ³ã§çŸå
ããå Žåã«ãè¡šé¢çŸå(A)ã§åŸãããæ床ãå éšçŸ
å(B)ã§åŸãããæ床ãã倧ã§ããããšãšå®çŸ©ãã
ããããã§æ床ãšã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«å®çŸ©ãããã 100ïŒEh ã¯æ床ãEhã¯æ倧æ¿åºŠïŒDmaxïŒãšæå°æ¿
床ïŒDminïŒã®äžåºŠäžéã®æ¿åºŠ1/2ïŒDmaxïŒ
DminïŒãåŸãã«èŠããé²å éã瀺ãã è¡šé¢çŸå (A) äžèšåŠæ¹ã®çŸå液äžã§ã枩床20âã«ãããŠ10å
éçŸåããã âã¡ãã«âïœâã¢ããããšããŒã«ïŒããç¡«é ž
å¡©ïŒ 2.5ïœ ã¢ã¹ã³ã«ãã³é ž 10ïœ ã¡ã¿ç¡Œé žãããªãŠã ã»åæ°Žå¡© 35ïœ èåã«ãª ïŒïœ æ°Žãå ããŠ ïŒ å éšçŸå (B) èµ€è¡å¡©ïŒïœïŒãšããšããµãã©ãã³0.0125ïœïŒ
ãå«ãæŒçœæ¶²äžã§çŽ20âã§10åéåŠçãã次ã
ã§10åéæ°ŽæŽåŸãäžèšåŠæ¹ã®çŸå液äžã§ã20âã«
ãããŠ10åéçŸåããã âã¡ãã«âïœâã¢ããããšããŒã«ïŒããç¡«é ž
å¡©ïŒ 2.5ïœ ã¢ã¹ã³ã«ãã³é ž 10ïœ ã¡ã¿ã»ãé žãããªãŠã ã»åæ°Žå¡© 35ïœ èåã«ãª ïŒïœ ããªç¡«é žãœãŒã ïŒïœ æ°Žãå ããŠ ïŒ æ¬çºæã®ä¹³å€ãããå®è³ªçã«è¡šé¢æœååã§ãªã
ãšããã¬ããé調以å€ã«ããžããé調ãäžããã
ãã«ãªãã æ¬çºæã§çšããããã²ã³åéç²åã¯ãå¹³åç²åŸ
ã0.7ÎŒãã倧ã§ãã€ãŠã¯ãªããªããå¹³åç²åŸãš
ã¯ãããã²ã³åéåçç§åŠã®åéã®å°é家ã«ã¯åžž
çšãããŠããã容æã«ç解ãããçšèªã§ãããç²
åŸãšã¯ç²åãçç¶åã¯çã«è¿äŒŒã§ããç²åã®å Žå
ã«ã¯ç²åçŽåŸãæå³ãããç²åãç«æ¹äœã§ããå Ž
åã«ã¯çšé·ÃâïŒïŒÏãç²åŸãšãããå¹³åã¯ç²åæ 圱é¢ç©ã«ããšãã代衚平ååã¯å¹Ÿäœå¹³åã«ããæ±
ãããå¹³åç²åŸãæ±ããæ¹æ³ã®è©³çŽ°ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã
C.E.K.MeeSãšT.H.JamesèïŒã¶ ã»ãªãªãŒ ãª
ã 㶠ããªãã°ã©ãã€ã㯠ããã»ã¹ïŒThe
theory of the photographic processïŒïŒ3rd ed
ïŒP.36ãp.43ïŒïŒ1966幎ïŒMcMillan瀟åããåç §
ããã°ããã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã§å¿ é ã«çšããããããã²ã³åé
ä¹³å€å±€ã«ãããŠãããå¹³åç²åŸã0.7ÎŒãããã
ãšãγã10ããããé«ãã³ã³ãã©ã¹ããåŸãããš
ã¯åºæ¥ãªããæ¬çºæã§ä¹³å€ã®å¹³åç²åŸã¯0.4Ό以äž
ãšããã°ãããã«å¥œãŸãããæ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã
ãšãããã²ã³åéã®å¹³åç²åŸãå°ããã«æããã
æ床ãé«ãããšãç¹åŸŽã§ãããæ¬çºæã®åçä¹³å€
äžã®ããã²ã³åéç²åã¯ãããŸãç²åãµã€ãºååž
ããã€ããšãå¿ èŠã§ãããç¹ã«ãããã²ã³åéç²
åã®ééåã¯æ°ã«é¢ããŠãå šäœã®90ïŒ ãå ããç²
åã®ãµã€ãºãå¹³åç²åãµã€ãºã®Â±40ïŒ ä»¥å ã«ãã
ããšãå¿ èŠã§ããïŒäžè¬ã«ããã®ãããªä¹³å€ã¯å
åæ£ä¹³å€ãšãã°ããïŒã ããã²ã³åéã¯ãå¡©åéãå¡©èåéãæ²å¡©èå
éãèåéåã³æ²èåéã®ããããçšããããšã
ã§ããããå¡©èåéåã¯æ²å¡©èåéã®å Žåå¡©åé
ã®å«æéã¯80ã¢ã«ïŒ ããããªãã®ã奜ãŸãããæ²
èåéåã¯æ²å¡©èåéã®å Žåæ²åéã®å«æéã¯10
ã¢ã«ïŒ ããããªãã®ã奜ãŸãããå¡©åéå«æéã¯
50ã¢ã«ïŒ ããããªãã®ãç¹ã«å¥œãŸãããæ²åéã®
å«æéã¯ïŒã¢ã«ïŒ ããããªãã®ãç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã§ã¯ãã®ããã«åºç¯å²ã®ããã²ã³
åéãçšããããšãã§ãããããåŸæ¥ã®ããªã¹ã
ïŒâlithâïŒåçŸåãçšããæ¹æ³ã«æ¯ããŠæ Œæ®µã«é«
ãæ床ãåŸãããšãå¯èœã§ããã æ¬çºæã«çšããããååæ£ã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€
ã¯ãããã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«åœã250ïœããå€ããã€
ã³ããŒãå«ãã§ã¯ãªããªããããããã²ã³åéïŒ
ã¢ã«åœã250ïœããå€ããã€ã³ããŒãå«ããšãæ¬
çºæã®ç®çãšãã極端ã«ç¡¬èª¿ãªåçç¹æ§ãåŸãã
ãšã¯ã§ããªããç¹ã«10ããããγãåŸãããšã¯å°
åºã§ããªããä¹³å€äžã®ãã€ã³ããŒéãå°ãã»ã©ç¡¬
調ãåŸãããã®ã¯åçä¹³å€ã®äžè¬çåŸåã§ãã
ããããã¯åäœåãã®ä¹³å€å±€äžã«å«ãŸããããã²
ã³åéã®éã«åºãå¹æã§ãããæ¬çºæã«ãããã
ãã²ã³åéå«æéã®åœ±é¿ã¯ããã®ãããªå ¬ç¥ã®å¹
æãšã¯ç°ãªããåèšéçå€ã®ä»è¿ã§é調ãžã®å¹æ
ã倧ããå€åããããã®å€åã¯å®æœäŸïŒã«ç€ºã
ããæ¬çºæã®å¹æã¯ãåèšã®åŠã0.7ÎŒããããªã
å¹³åç²åŸãšãä¹³å€äžã®ããã²ã³åéå«æéã倧ã
ãããšã«ãã€ãŠãã¯ãããŠãããããã®ã§ããã åçä¹³å€ã®çµåå€ãŸãã¯ä¿è·ã³ãã€ããšããŠ
ã¯ããŒã©ãã³ãçšããã®ãæå©ã§ããããã以å€
ã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ããçšããããšãã§ãããããšã
ã°ãŒã©ãã³èªå°äœããŒã©ãã³ãšä»ã®é«ååãšã®ã°
ã©ããããªããŒãã¢ã«ããã³ãã«ãŒã€ã³çã®èçœ
質ïŒããããã·ãšãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ãã«ã«ããã·ã¡
ãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ãã»ã«ããŒãºç¡«é žãšã¹ãã«é¡çã®
åŠãã»ã«ããŒã¹èªå°äœãã¢ã«ã®ã³é žãœãŒãã柱ç²
èªå°äœãªã©ã®ç³èªå°äœãããªããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã
ããªããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«éšåã¢ã»ã¿ãŒã«ãããªâ
âããã«ãããªãã³ãããªã¢ã¯ãªã«é žãããªã¡ã¿
ã¯ãªã«é žãããªã¢ã¯ãªã«ã¢ãããããªããã«ã€ã
ããŸãŒã«ãããªããã«ãã©ãŸãŒã«çã®åäžããã
ã¯å ±éåäœã®åŠãå€çš®ã®åæ芪氎æ§é«ååç©è³ªã
çšããããšãã§ããã ãŒã©ãã³ãšããŠã¯ç³ç°åŠçãŒã©ãã³ã®ã»ããé ž
åŠçãŒã©ãã³ãçšããŠãããããŒã©ãã³å æ°Žå解
ç©ããŒã©ãã³é µçŽ å解ç©ãçšããããšãã§ããã
ãŒã©ãã³èªå°äœãšããŠã¯ããŒã©ãã³ã«ããšãã°é ž
ãã©ã€ããé žç¡æ°Žç©ãã€ãœã·ã¢ããŒãé¡ãããã¢
é ¢é žãã¢ã«ã«ã³ãµã«ãã³é¡ãããã«ã¹ã«ãã³ã¢ã
ãé¡ããã¬ã€ã³ã€ããååç©é¡ãããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³
ãªãã·ãé¡ããšããã·ååç©é¡ççš®ã ã®ååç©ã
åå¿ãããŠåŸããããã®ãçšããããããã®å ·äœ
äŸã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±2614928å·ãå3132945å·ãå
3186846å·ãå3312553å·ãè±åœç¹èš±861414å·ãå
1033189å·ãå1005784å·ãç¹å ¬æ42â26845å·ãª
ã©ã«èšèŒãããŠããã åèšãŒã©ãã³ã»ã°ã©ããããªããŒãšããŠã¯ããŒ
ã©ãã³ã«ã¢ã¯ãªã«é žãã¡ã¿ã¢ã¯ãªã«é žããããã®
ãšã¹ãã«ãã¢ãããªã©ã®èªå°äœãã¢ã¯ãªããããª
ã«ãã¹ãã¬ã³ãªã©ã®åŠããããã«ç³»ã¢ãããŒã®å
äžïŒãã¢ïŒãŸãã¯å ±éåäœãã°ã©ããããããã®
ãçšããããšãã§ãããããšã«ããŒã©ãã³ãšãã
çšåºŠçžæº¶æ§ã®ããããªããŒããšãã°ã¢ã¯ãªã«é žã
ã¡ã¿ã¢ã¯ãªã«é žãã¢ã¯ãªã«ã¢ãããã¡ã¿ã¢ã¯ãªã«
ã¢ãããããããã·ã¢ã«ãã«ã¡ã¿ã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒãç
ã®éåäœãšã®ã°ã©ããããªããŒã奜ãŸããããã
ãã®äŸã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±2763625å·ãå2831767å·ãå
2956884å·ãªã©ã«èšèŒãããã代衚çãªåæ芪氎
æ§é«ååç©è³ªã¯ããšãã°è¥¿ç¬ç¹èš±åºé¡ïŒOLSïŒ
2312708å·ãç±³åœç¹èš±3620751å·ãå3879205å·ã
ç¹å ¬æ43â7561å·ã«èšèŒã®ãã®ã§ããã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã§çšããããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã¯ååŠ
å¢æãããŠããªããŠãããããååŠå¢æãããã
ãã®ã奜ãŸãããããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã®ååŠå¢æã®
æ¹æ³ãšããŠãç¡«é»å¢æãéå å¢æåã³è²Žéå±å¢æ
æ³ãç¥ãããŠããã貎éå±å¢ææ³ã®ãã¡éå¢ææ³
ã¯ãã®ä»£è¡šçãªãã®ã§éååç©ãäž»ãšããŠéé¯å¡©
ãçšãããé以å€ã®è²Žéå±ãããšãã°çœéããã©
ãžãŠã ãã€ãªãžãŠã çã®é¯å¡©ãå«æããŠãå·®æ¯ã
ãªããéå å¢ææ³ã¯å®çšäžæ¯éã®ããã«ããªãç
ããªãç¯å²ã§ãªãçšããŠããããæ¬çºæã®å®æœã®
ããã«ç¹ã«å¥œãŸããååŠå¢æã¯ç¡«é»å¢ææ³ã§ã
ãã ç¡«é»å¢æå€ãšããŠã¯ããŒã©ãã³äžã«å«ãŸããç¡«
é»ååç©ã®ã»ããçš®ã ã®ç¡«é»ååç©ãããšãã°ã
ãªç¡«é žå¡©ãããªå°¿çŽ é¡ããã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãããŒãã
ã³é¡çãçšããããšãã§ãããå ·äœäŸã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±
1574944å·ãå2278947å·ãå2410689å·ãå
2728668å·ãå3501313å·ãå3656955å·ã«èšèŒã
ãããã®ã§ããã äžè¬åŒããã§ç€ºãããååç©ã®å ·äœäŸã以äž
ã«ç€ºããæ¬çºæã¯ããããããã«éå®ã¯ãããª
ãã äžè¬åŒããã§ç€ºãããååç©ã¯äžè¬ã«ã¯ãã
ã©ãžã³é¡ãšã®é žãšã®åå¿ãåã¯ããã©ãžã³é¡ãšã¢
ã·ã«ãã©ã€ãé¡ãšã®åå¿ã«ãã€ãŠåæããããšã
ã§ããã 次ã«å ·äœçãªåææ³ã«ã€ããŠèšãã ïŒååç©ïŒã®åæïŒ ã®é ž110ïœã25ã30âã«ãŠæ¹æãããããã«ïœ
âããªã«ããã©ãžã³107ïœãå°éãã€æ·»å ããã
æ·»å çµäºåŸã50âã«ãŠ20åéå ç±æ¹æããããæ°·
å·åŸåŸãããçµæ¶ãåããã¢ã»ããããªã«550
mlã«ãŠåçµæ¶ãããèç¹176ã177âã®ç¡è²éç¶çµ
æ¶54.5ïœãåŸãã ïŒååç©ïŒã®åæïŒ ã¢ã»ããããªã«100mläžã«25ã30âã«ãŠæ¹æã
ã€ã€ïœâããªã«ããã©ãžã³15ïœãå ããã次ãã§
ãã³ãŸã€ã«ã¯ããªã15ïœã25ã30âã«ãŠé€ã ã«æ»Ž
äžããã滎äžçµäºåŸã25ã30âã«ãŠïŒæéæ¹æã
ç¶ãããæ°·å·åŸãåŸãããçµæ¶ãåãããã³ãŒ
ã³ããåçµæ¶ãè¡ããèç¹146âã®ç¡è²éç¶çµæ¶
ïŒïœãåŸãã äžè¬åŒããã®ååç©ã¯ãæ¬çºæã®åçä¹³å€äž
ã«éåžž10-4ã10-1molïŒmolAgå«æãããã奜ãŸ
ããæ¿åºŠã¯10-3ãïŒÃ10-2molïŒmolAgã§ãç¹ã«
ïŒÃ10-3ãïŒÃ10-2molïŒmolAgã奜ãŸãããäž
è¬åŒããã®ååç©ãä¹³å€äžã«æ·»å ããã«ã¯ãå
çä¹³å€äžã®æ·»å å€ãå ããéåžžã®æ¹æ³ãçšããã
ãšãã§ãããäŸãã°æ°Žæº¶æ§ã®ååç©ã¯é©åœãªæ¿åºŠ
ã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãšããæ°Žã«äžæº¶åã¯é£æº¶ã®ååç©ã¯æ°Žãš
æ··åããã滎åœãªææ©æº¶åªãããšãã°ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«
é¡ããšãŒãã«é¡ãã°ãªã³ãŒã«é¡ãã¢ã»ãã³é¡ããš
ã¹ãã«é¡ãã¢ããé¡ãªã©ã®ãã¡ã§ãåçç¹æ§ã«æª
ãäœçšã®ãªããã®ã«ã溶解ãã溶液ãšããŠä¹³å€äž
ã«å ãããæ°Žäžæº¶æ§ïŒãããã油溶æ§ïŒã«ãã©ãŒ
ãä¹³å€äžã«åæ£ç©ã®åœ¢ã§å ãããšãã®ããç¥ãã
ãæ¹æ³ãçšããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã«çšãããããã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ã®ã
ã¡ã奜ãŸããååç©ã¯æ¬¡ã®äžè¬åŒããã§è¡šãã
ããã åŒäžïŒ¹ã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã12ã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºïŒäŸãã°ã¡
ãã«åºããããã«åºãããã¿ãã·ã«åºïŒãããã²
ã³ååïŒäŸãã°å¡©çŽ ååãèçŽ ååïŒãççŽ æ°ïŒ
ã12ã®ã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºïŒäŸãã°ã¡ããã·åºãã©ãŠãª
ã«ãªãã·åºïŒãççŽ æ°ïŒã13ã®ã¢ã·ã«åºïŒããšã
ã°ã¢ã»ãã«åºããã³ãžã«åºïŒãççŽ æ°ïŒã13ã®ã¢
ã·ã«ã¢ããåºïŒããšãã°ã¢ã»ãã«ã¢ããåºãã«ã
ãªãã€ã«ã¢ããåºããã³ãŸã€ã«ã¢ããåºããã³ãŒ
ã³ã¹ã«ããã«ã¢ããåºïŒãççŽ æ°ïŒã12ã®èèªæ
åã¯è³éŠæåºã§çœ®æãããŠãããã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«åº
ïŒäŸãã°ã¡ãã«ã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«åºãããšãã«ã«ã«ã
ã¢ã€ã«åºïŒãççŽ æ°ïŒã12ã®èèªæåã¯è³éŠæåº
ã§çœ®æãããŠãããã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºïŒããšãã°
ã¡ãã«ã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºãããšãã«ã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€
ã«åºïŒãŸãã¯åç°ãããã¯äºç°ã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºïŒäŸ
ãã°ããšãã«åºïŒããããããã¯ãããåºãè¡š
ããããšã¯ãªããïœã¯0.1ãŸãã¯ïŒãããããã
ïœãïŒã®ãšããäºã€ã®ïŒ¹ã¯äºã«ç°ãªãäºã€ã®çœ®æ
åºã§ãã€ãŠããããã«å«ãŸããã¢ã«ãã«åºéšå
ã®ççŽ æ°ã¯ïŒãïŒãç¹ã«å¥œãŸãããã¯æ°ŽçŽ å
åãããã²ã³ååïŒäŸãã°å¡©çŽ ååãèçŽ ååïŒ
åã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã10ã®ã¢ã·ã«åºïŒäŸãã°ã¢ã»ãã«
åºãããããªãã«åºïŒãããããã äžè¬åŒããã§è¡šããããååç©ã®å ·äœäŸã次
ã«ç€ºãã äžè¬åŒããã§è¡šãããããã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«
ååç©ã¯ãããšãã°ãªãŒã¬ããã¯ã»ã·ã³ã»ã·ã¹
ïŒOrganic SynthesisïŒãç·å·»ïŒã第106é ïŒãžã€
ãŒãã«ã»ãªãã»ã¶ã»ã±ãã«ã«ã»ãœãµãšãã€ïŒJ.
Chem.Soc.ïŒç¬¬119å·»ïŒ1921幎ïŒç¬¬2088ã94é ïŒ
åèªã1931幎ã第1143ã53é ïŒåèªãåºåã
1969幎ã第1474ã78é ãªã©ãåç §ããã°åæã§ã
ãã ãã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ã¯çŸå液äžã«æ·»å ãã
ããçŸå液ã«æ·»å ããã«ã¯ãæ°Žãæ··åããææ©æº¶
åªããªãã¡ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«é¡ïŒããšãã°ã¡ã¿ããŒã«ã
ãšã¿ããŒã«ïŒã±ãã³é¡ïŒããšãã°ã¢ã»ãã³ãã¡ã
ã«ãšãã«ã±ãã³ïŒããšã¹ãã«é¡ïŒäŸãã°é ¢é žãšã
ã«ïŒãªã©åã¯æ°Žã«æº¶è§£ããã溶液ãšããŠçŸå液ã®
調補éäžã«ããããã¯å®æããçŸå液äžã«å ãã
ã°ããããããã®æº¶åªã¯ãå¿ èŠãªãšãã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãª
æ§åã¯é žæ§ãšããŠçšããããšãã§ããã é²å åŸçŸååã«æå ææãããã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒ
ã«é¡ãå«ã济ã§åŠçããããšãã§ããã çŸå液äžãžã®æ·»å éãšããŠã¯ã10-6ã
10-1molïŒçŸå液ïœãé©åœã§ãããç¹ã«ïŒÃ10-5
ãïŒÃ10-2molïŒçŸå液ïœã奜ãŸããã æ¬çºæã®åçä¹³å€ã¯P.GlafkidesèChimie et
Physique PhotographiqueïŒPaul Montel瀟åã
1967幎ïŒãG.F.DuffinèPhotographic Emulsion
ChemistryïŒThe Focal Pressåã1966幎ïŒãV.L.
Zelikman et alèMaking and Coating
Photograaphic EmulsionïŒThe Focal Pressåã
1964幎ïŒãªã©ã«èšèŒãããæ¹æ³ãçšããŠèª¿è£œãã
ããšãã§ãããããªãã¡ãé žæ§æ³ãäžæ§æ³ãã¢ã³
ã¢ãã¢æ³çã®ãããã§ãããããŸãå¯æº¶æ§éå¡©ãš
å¯æº¶æ§ããã²ã³å¡©ãåå¿ããã圢åŒãšããŠã¯çåŽ
æ··åæ³ãåææ··åæ³ããããã®çµåããªã©ã®ãã
ããçšããŠãããã ç²åãéã€ãªã³éå°ã®äžã«ãããŠåœ¢æãããæ¹
æ³ïŒããããéæ··åæ³ïŒãçšããããšãã§ããã
åææ··åæ³ã®äžã€ã®åœ¢åŒãšããŠããã²ã³åéã®ç
æããã液çžäžã®pAgãäžå®ã«ä¿ã€æ¹æ³ãããªã
ã¡ããããã³ã³ãããŒã«ãã»ããã«ãžãšããæ³ã
çšãããããšãã§ãããã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããšãçµæ¶åœ¢
ãèŠåçã§ç²åãµã€ãºãåäžã«è¿ãããã²ã³åé
ä¹³å€ãããããã åçä¹³å€äžã®ããã²ã³åéç²åã¯ãç«æ¹äœãå «
é¢äœã®ãããªèŠåçïŒregularïŒãªçµæ¶äœãæã
ããã®ã§ãããããŸãçç¶ãæ¿ç¶ãªã©ã®ãããªå€
åçïŒirregularïŒãªçµæ¶ããã€ãã®ããããã¯
ãããã®çµæ¶åœ¢ã®è€å圢ããã€ãã®ã§ãããã
çš®ã ã®çµæ¶åœ¢ã®ç²åã®æ··åããæã€ãŠãããã ããã²ã³åéç²åã¯å éšãšè¡šå±€ãšãåäžãªçžã
ãæã€ãŠããŠããç°ãªãçžããã€ãŠããŠãããã ããã²ã³åéç²å圢æãŸãã¯ç©ççæã®éçšã«
ãããŠãã«ãããŠã å¡©ãäºéå¡©ãéå¡©ãã¿ãªãŠã
å¡©ãã€ãªãžãŠã å¡©ãŸãã¯ãã®é¯å¡©ãããžãŠã å¡©ãŸ
ãã¯ãã®é¯å¡©ãéå¡©ãŸãã¯éé¯å¡©ãªã©ãå ±åãã
ãŠãããã å¥ã ã«åœ¢æããïŒçš®ä»¥äžã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã
æ··åããŠçšããŠãããã ä¹³å€ã¯æ²æŸ±åœ¢æåŸãããã¯ç©ççæåŸã«éåžžå¯
溶æ§å¡©é¡ãé€å»ããããããã®ããã®æ段ãšããŠ
ã¯å€ãããç¥ããããŒã©ãã³ãã²ã«åãããŠè¡ãª
ãããŒãã«æ°ŽæŽæ³ãçšããŠãããããŸãå€äŸ¡ã¢ã
ãªã³ããæãç¡æ©å¡©é¡ãããšãã°ç¡«é žãããªãŠ
ã ãã¢ããªã³æ§çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãã¢ããªã³æ§ããªããŒ
ïŒããšãã°ããªã¹ãã¬ã³ã¹ã«ãã³é žïŒããããã¯ãŒ
ã©ãã³èªå°äœïŒããšãã°èèªæã¢ã·ã«åãŒã©ã
ã³ãè³éŠæã¢ã·ã«åãŒã©ãã³ãè³éŠæã«ã«ãã¢ã€
ã«åãŒã©ãã³ãªã©ïŒãå©çšããæ²éæ³ïŒããããŠ
ã¬ãŒã·ãšã³ïŒãçšããŠããããå¯æº¶æ§å¡©é¡é€å»ã®
éçšã¯çç¥ããŠãããã ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã¯ãååŠå¢æãè¡ãªããªã
ïŒããããæªåŸçïŒprimitiveïŒä¹³å€ãçšããããš
ãã§ããããéåžžã¯ååŠå¢æãããã ååŠå¢æã®ããã«ã¯ãéã€ãªã³ãšåå¿ãåŸãç¡«
é»ãå«ãååç©ã掻æ§ãŒã©ãã³ãçšããç¡«é»å¢æ
æ³ãšãšãã«éå æ§ç©è³ªãçšããéå å¢ææ³ãéãª
ã©ã®è²Žéå±ååç©ãçšãã貎éå±å¢ææ³ãªã©ãçµ
åããŠçšããããšãã§ããã ãããã«ã€ããŠã¯åèšGlafkidesãŸãã¯
Zelikmanãã®èæžãããã¯H.Frieserç·šDie
Grundlagen der photographischen Prozesse
mit SilberhalogenidenïŒAkademische
VerlagsgesellschaftïŒ1968ïŒã«èšèŒãããŠããã
ç¡«é»å¢æå€ã®å ·äœäŸã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±1574944å·ã
2410689å·ã2278947å·ã2728668å·ã3656955å·ã«
èšèŒãããŠãããéå å¢æå€ãšããŠã¯ç¬¬äžãã
å¡©ãã¢ãã³é¡ããã«ã ã¢ããžã³ã¹ã«ãã€ã³é žãã·
ã©ã³ååç©ãªã©ãçšããããšãã§ãããããã®å ·
äœäŸã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±2487850å·ã2518698å·ã2983609
å·ã2983610å·ã2694637å·ã«èšèŒãããŠããã貎
éå±å¢æã®ããã«ã¯éçœéãã€ãªãžãŠã ããã«ãž
ãŠã çã®åšæåŸè¡šæã®éå±ã®é¯å¡©ãçšããããš
ãã§ãããã®å ·äœäŸã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±2448060å·ãè±åœ
ç¹èš±618061å·ãªã©ã«èšèŒãããŠããã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããŠãåé²å ãããããã²ã³
åéåçæå ææãåçåŠçããã«éããŠã¯ãçŸ
å液äžã«ãã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡åã³0.15ã¢ã«ïŒ
以äžã®äºç¡«é žã€ãªã³ãå«ãããšåã³PH11ã12.3ã«
ãããŠçŸåãããããšä»¥å€ã«ã¯ãå ¬ç¥ã®æ¹æ³ãšå
æ§ã«è¡ãããšãã§ãããçŸå液以å€ã®åŠç液ã«ã¯
å ¬ç¥ã®ãã®ãçšããããšãã§ãããç®çã«å¿ãé
ç»åã®ã¿ã圢æããçŸååŠçïŒé»çœåçåŠçïŒã
ããã¯ãè²çŽ åã圢æãã¹ãçŸååŠçããæãã«
ã©ãŒåçåŠçã®ãããã§ãé©çšã§ãããåŠç枩床
ã¯æ®é18âãã50âã®éã«éžã°ãããã18âãã
äœã枩床ãŸãã¯50âãããã枩床ãšããŠãããã é»çœåçåŠçããå Žåã«çšããçŸå液ã¯ãç¥ã
ããŠããçŸåäž»è¬ãå«ãããšãã§ãããçŸåäž»è¬
ãšããŠã¯ããžããããã·ãã³ãŒã³é¡ïŒããšãã°ã
ã€ããããã³ïŒãïŒâãã©ãŸãªãã³é¡ïŒããšãã°
ïŒâããšãã«âïŒâãã©ãŸãªãã³ïŒãã¢ããããš
ããŒã«é¡ïŒããšãã°ïŒ®âã¡ãã«âïœâã¢ããããš
ããŒã«ïŒãïŒâããšãã«âïŒâãã©ãŸãªã³é¡ãªã©
ããéžãã§çšããããšãã§ããã çŸå液ã«ã¯äžè¬ã«ãã®ä»å ¬ç¥ã®ä¿æå€ãã¢ã«ã«
ãªå€ãPHç·©è¡å€ãã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãªã©ãå«ã¿ããã
ã«å¿ èŠã«å¿ã溶解å©å€ãè²èª¿å€ãçŸåä¿é²å€ãç
é¢æŽ»æ§å€ãæ¶æ³¡å€ã硬氎è»åå€ã硬èå€ãç²æ§ä»
äžå€ãªã©ãå«ãã§ãããã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããšã0.15ã¢ã«ïŒä»¥äžã®äº
ç¡«é žã€ãªã³ãå«ãçŸå液ã§çŸåããŠãã10ããã
ãγãããåŸãããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã§ã¯çŸå液
ã®PHã¯11.0ã12.3ã§ããããšãå¿ èŠã§ããã11.5
ã12.0ã奜ãŸãããPHãäœãå Žåã«ã¯ãæ¬çºæã®
å¢æã硬調åå¹æãããããšãå°é£ã§ãããPHã
12.3ãããããšãäºç¡«é žã€ãªã³ã®æ¿åºŠãé«ããŠã
çŸå液ãäžå®å®ã§ãïŒæ¥é以äžã«ããã€ãŠå®å®ã
ãåçç¹æ§ãç¶æããããšãã§ããªããæ¬çºæã®
åçä¹³å€ãçŸåããéã«å®è³ªçã«ã«ããªãäžãã
éã®ã«ãããå€ïŒçŸåæ žåœ¢æå€ïŒãå«ãçŸå液ã¯
çšããããªãã å®ç液ãšããŠã¯äžè¬ã«çšããããçµæã®ãã®ã
çšããããšãã§ãããå®çå€ãšããŠã¯ããªç¡«é ž
å¡©ãããªã·ã¢ã³é žå¡©ã®ã»ããå®çå€ãšããŠã®å¹æ
ãç¥ãããŠããææ©ç¡«é»ååç©ãçšããããšãã§
ãããå®ç液ã«ã¯ç¡¬èå€ãšããŠæ°Žæº¶æ§ã¢ã«ãããŠ
ã å¡©ãå«ãã§ãããã æ¬çºæã§çšããããæå ææã«ã¯ãã«ããªé²æ¢
å€ãå«ãã§ãããæ¬çºæã®ä¹³å€ã«çšããŠæå©ãªã«
ããªé²æ¢å€ã¯ãäŸãã°ïŒäœã«ã¡ãã«ã«ãã眮æã
ããïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâããªã¢ãŸãŒã«ååç©ãïŒâã¡ã«
ã«ãããã³ãºã€ãããŸãŒã«ååç©ïŒãã ãããã
åºãæããŠã¯ãªããªãïŒãïŒâã¡ã«ã«ããããªã
ãžã³é¡ãïŒâã¡ã«ã«ãããã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãã
ã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªãŠã ååç©ïŒããšãã°ïŒ®âã¢ã«ãã«
ãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªãŠã ãã©ã€ããâã¢ãªã«ãã³ãŸ
ãã¢ãŸãªãŠã ãã©ã€ããïŒâã¡ã«ã«ããïŒïŒïŒâ
ãã¢ãžã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãªã©ã§ãããã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãšã
ãŠããã ããçšããŠãæå¹ã§ãªãã«ããªé²æ¢å€ã
ãããäŸãã°ïŒâããããã³ãºã€ãããŸãŒã«ãïŒ
âããããã·âïŒïŒïŒïŒ3aïŒïŒâããã©ã¶ã€ã³
ãã³é¡ãªã©ã§ããããããããããæå©ãªã«ããª
é²æ¢å€ãšçµåããŠçšããããšã¯ã§ããã ç²å圢æåŸãååŠçæåãååŠçæåŸãŸãã¯å¡
åžåã«å°éã®æ²åç©ïŒããšãã°æ²åã«ãªãªã©ïŒã
ä¹³å€ã«æ·»å ãããšãæ¬çºæã®å¹æãããã«å€§ã«ã
ããæ²åç©ã¯10-4ã10-2molïŒmolAgå ããã®ã
é©åœã§ããã æ¬çºæã§çšããããåçä¹³å€ã¯ãã¡ãã³è²çŽ é¡
ãã®ä»ã«ãã€ãŠåå å¢æãããŠãããçšãããã
è²çŽ ã«ã¯ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãè€
åã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãè€åã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãããã
ãŒã©ãŒã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãããã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãã¹ããª
ã«è²çŽ ãããã³ãããªããœããŒã«è²çŽ ãå å«ãã
ããç¹ã«æçšãªè²çŽ ã¯ã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãã¡ãã·ã¢ã
ã³è²çŽ ããã³è€åã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ã«å±ããè²çŽ
ã§ããããããã®è²çŽ é¡ã«ã¯å¡©åºæ§ç°ç¯ç°æ žãšã
ãŠã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ é¡ã«éåžžå©çšãããæ žã®ãããã
ãé©çšã§ãããããªãã¡ããããªã³æ žããªããµãŸ
ãªã³æ žããã¢ãŸãªã³æ žããããŒã«æ žããªããµãŸãŒ
ã«æ žããã¢ãŸãŒã«æ žãã»ã¬ããŸãŒã«æ žãã€ãããŸ
ãŒã«æ žãããã©ãŸãŒã«æ žãããªãžã³æ žãªã©ïŒãã
ãã®æ žã«èç°åŒçåæ°ŽçŽ ç°ãèåããæ žïŒããã³
ãããã®æ žã«è³éŠæçåæ°ŽçŽ ãèåããæ žãããª
ãã¡ãã€ã³ãã¬ãã³æ žããã³ãºã€ã³ãã¬ãã³æ žã
ã€ã³ããŒã«æ žããã³ãºãªããµãŸãŒã«æ žãããããª
ããµãŸãŒã«æ žããã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãŒã«æ žãããããã¢
ãŸãŒã«æ žããã³ãŸã»ã¬ããŸãŒã«æ žããã³ãºã€ãã
ãŸãŒã«æ žããããªã³æ žãªã©ãé©çšã§ãããããã
ã®æ žã¯ççŽ ååäžã«çœ®æãããŠããŠãããã ã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãŸãã¯è€åã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ
ã«ã¯ã±ãã¡ãã¬ã³æ§é ãæããæ žãšããŠããã©ãŸ
ãªã³âïŒâãªã³æ žãããªããã³ãã€ã³æ žãïŒâã
ãªãªããµãŸãªãžã³âïŒïŒïŒâãžãªã³æ žããã¢ãŸãª
ãžã³âïŒïŒïŒâãžãªã³æ žãããŒããã³æ žãããªã
ã«ãããŒã«é žæ žãªã©ã®ïŒãïŒå¡ç°ç¯ç°æ žãé©çšã
ãããšãã§ããã æçšãªå¢æè²çŽ ã¯äŸãã°ãã€ãç¹èš±929080å·ã
ç±³åœç¹èš±2231658å·ãå2493748å·ãå2503776å·ã
å2519001å·ãå2912329å·ãå3656959å·ãå
3672897å·ãå3694217å·ãè±åœç¹èš±1242588å·ã
ç¹å ¬æ44â14030å·ã«èšèŒããããã®ã§ããã ãããã®å¢æè²çŽ ã¯åç¬ã«çšããŠãããããã
ããã®çµåããçšããŠããããå¢æè²çŽ ã®çµåã
ã¯ç¹ã«åŒ·è²å¢æã®ç®çã§ãã°ãã°çšãããããã
ã®ä»£è¡šäŸã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±2688545å·ãå2977229å·ãå
3397060å·ãå3522052å·ãå3527641å·ãå
3617293å·ãå3628964å·ãå3666480å·ãå
3679428å·ãå3703377å·ãå3769301å·ãå
3814609å·ãå3837862å·ãè±åœç¹èš±1344281å·ã
ç¹å ¬æ43â4936å·ãªã©ã«èšèŒãããŠããã å¢æè²çŽ ãšãšãã«ãããèªèº«åå å¢æäœçšãã
ããªãè²çŽ ãããã¯å¯èŠå ãå®è³ªçã«åžåããªã
ç©è³ªã§ãã€ãŠã匷è²å¢æã瀺ãç©è³ªãä¹³å€äžã«å«
ãã§ããããããšãã°å«ããçŽ ç°ç¯ç°åºã§çœ®æã
ããã¢ããã¹ãã«ãã³ååç©ïŒããšãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±
2933390å·ãå3635721å·ã«èšèŒã®ãã®ïŒãè³éŠæ
ææ©é žãã«ã ã¢ã«ãããçž®åç©ïŒããšãã°ç±³åœç¹
èš±3743510å·ã«èšèŒã®ãã®ïŒãã«ãããŠã å¡©ãã¢ã¶
ã€ã³ãã³ååç©ãªã©ãå«ãã§ããããç±³åœç¹èš±
3615613å·ãå3615641å·ã3617295å·ãå3635721
å·ã«èšèŒã®çµåãã¯ç¹ã«æçšã§ããã æ¬çºæã§çšããããæå ææã«ã¯ãã€ã«ã¿ãŒæ
æãšããŠããããã¯ã€ã©ãžãšãŒã·ãšã³é²æ¢ãã®ä»
çš®ã ã®ç®çã§ã氎溶æ§ææãå«æããŠããããã®
ãããªææã«ã¯ãªããœããŒã«ææããããªããœã
ãŒã«ææãã¹ããªã«ææãã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³ææãã·
ã¢ãã³ææåã³ã¢ãŸææãå å«ããããäžã§ããª
ããœããŒã«ææïŒãããªããœããŒã«ææåã³ã¡ã
ã·ã¢ãã³ææãæçšã§ãããçšãåŸãææã®å ·äœ
äŸã¯è±åœç¹èš±584609å·ãå1177429å·ãç¹éæ48
â85130å·ãå49â99620å·ãå49â114420å·ãç±³
åœç¹èš±2274782å·ãå2533472å·ãå2956879å·ã
å3148187å·ãå3177078å·ãå3247127å·ãå
3540887å·ãå3575704å·ãå3653905å·ãå
3718472å·ã«èšèŒããããã®ã§ããã æ¬çºæã§çšããããæå ææã«ã¯ç¡æ©ãŸãã¯æ
æ©ã®ç¡¬èå€ãå«æããŠãããäŸãã°ã¯ãã å¡©ïŒã¯
ãã æã°ããé ¢é žã¯ãã ãªã©ïŒãã¢ã«ãããé¡
ïŒãã«ã ã¢ã«ããããã°ãªãªããµãŒã«ãã°ã«ã¿ãŒ
ã«ã¢ã«ããããªã©ïŒãâã¡ãããŒã«ååç©ïŒãž
ã¡ãããŒã«å°¿çŽ ãã¡ãããŒã«ãžã¡ãã«ããã³ãã€
ã³ãªã©ïŒããžãªããµã³èªå°äœïŒïŒïŒïŒâãžããã
ãã·ãžãªããµã³ãªã©ïŒã掻æ§ããã«ååç©ïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒïŒïŒâããªã¢ã¯ãªãã€ã«âãããµãããâïœâ
ããªã¢ãžã³ããã¹ïŒããã«ã¹ã«ããã«ïŒã¡ãã«ãš
ãŒãã«ãªã©ïŒã掻æ§ããã²ã³ååç©ïŒïŒïŒïŒâãž
ã¯ãã«âïŒâããããã·âïœâããªã¢ãžã³ãªã©ïŒã
ã ã³ããã²ã³é žé¡ïŒã ã³ã¯ãã«é žãã ã³ããšãã
ã·ã¯ãã«é žãªã©ïŒãã€ãœãªããµãŸãŒã«é¡ããžã¢ã«
ãããã§ãç²ãïŒâã¯ãã«âïŒâããããã·ããª
ã¢ãžãã«åãŒã©ãã³ãªã©ããåç¬ãŸãã¯çµåããŠ
çšããããšãã§ããããã®å ·äœäŸã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±
1870354å·ãå2080019å·ãå2726162å·ãå
2870013å·ãå2983611å·ãå2992109å·ãå
3047394å·ãå3057723å·ãå3103437å·ãå
3321313å·ãå3325287å·ãå3362827å·ãå
3539644å·ãå3543292å·ãè±åœç¹èš±676628å·ãå
825544å·ãå1270578å·ããã€ãç¹èš±872153å·ã
å1090427å·ãç¹å ¬æ34â7133å·ãå46â1872å·
ãªã©ã«èšèŒãããã æ¬çºæã§çšããããæå ææã«ã¯å¡åžå©å€ã垯
é»é²æ¢ãã¹ããªæ§æ¹è¯ãä¹³ååæ£ãæ¥çé²æ¢ãã
ã³åçç¹æ§æ¹è¯ïŒããšãã°çŸåä¿é²ã硬調åãå¢
æïŒãªã©çš®ã ã®ç®çã§çš®ã ã®å ¬ç¥ã®çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ã
å«ãã§ãããã ããšãã°ãµããã³ïŒã¹ããã€ãç³»ïŒãã¢ã«ãã¬
ã³ãªããµã€ãèªå°äœïŒäŸãã°ããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³
ãŒã«ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ïŒããªãããã¬ã³
ã°ãªã³ãŒã«çž®åç©ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¢ã«
ãã«ãŸãã¯ã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ãªãŒã«ãšãŒãã«ãããªãšã
ã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãšã¹ãã«é¡ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³
ãŒã«ãœã«ãã¿ã³ãšã¹ãã«é¡ãããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãª
ã³ãŒã«ã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ãã³ãŸãã¯ã¢ããé¡ãã·ãªã³ãŒ
ã³ã®ããªãšãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãä»å ç©é¡ïŒãã°ãªã·
ããŒã«èªå°äœïŒããšãã°ã¢ã«ã±ãã«ã³ãã¯é žããª
ã°ãªã»ãªããã¢ã«ãã«ããšããŒã«ããªã°ãªã»ãª
ãïŒãå€äŸ¡ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã®èèªé žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãç³ã®
ã¢ã«ãã«ãšã¹ãã«é¡ãåãããŠã¬ã¿ã³é¡ãŸãã¯ãš
ãŒãã«é¡ãªã©ã®éã€ãªã³æ§çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ïŒããªãã«
ããã€ãç³»ãµããã³ãã¢ã«ãã«ã«ã«ãã³é žå¡©ãã¢
ã«ãã«ã¹ã«ããªã³é žå¡©ãã¢ã«ãã«ãã³ãŒã³ã¹ã«ã
ãªã³é žå¡©ãã¢ã«ãã«ããã¿ã¬ã³ã¹ã«ããªã³é žå¡©ã
ã¢ã«ãã«ç¡«é žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãã¢ã«ãã«ãªã³é žãšã¹ã
ã«é¡ãâã¢ã·ã«ââã¢ã«ãã«ã¿ãŠãªã³é žãã¹
ã«ãã³ãã¯é žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãã¹ã«ãã¢ã«ãã«ããªãª
ãã·ãšãšãã¬ã³ã¢ã«ãã«ããšãã«ãšãŒãã«é¡ãã
ãªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ã¢ã«ãã«ãªã³é žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãªã©
ã®ãããªãã«ã«ããã·åºãã¹ã«ãåºããã¹ãåºã
ç¡«é žãšã¹ãã«åºãçé žãšã¹ãã«åºçã®é žæ§åºãå«
ãã¢ããªã³çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ïŒã¢ããé žé¡ãã¢ããã¢ã«
ãã«ã¹ã«ãã³é žé¡ãã¢ããã¢ã«ãã«ç¡«é žãŸãã¯ç
é žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãã¢ã«ãã«ãã¿ã€ã³é¡ãã¢ãã³ã€ã
ãé¡ãã¢ãã³ãªãã·ãé¡ãªã©ã®äž¡æ§çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ïŒ
ã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ãã³å¡©é¡ãèèªæãããã¯è³éŠæ第ïŒ
çŽã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã å¡©é¡ãããªãžããŠã ãã€ãããŸãª
ãŠã ãªã©ã®è€çŽ ç°ç¬¬ïŒçŽã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã å¡©é¡ããã
ã³èèªæãŸãã¯è€çŽ ç°ãå«ããã¹ãããŠã ãŸãã¯
ã¹ã«ãããŠã å¡©é¡ãªã©ã®ã«ããªã³çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãçš
ããããšãã§ããã ãããã®çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ã®å ·äœäŸã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±
2240472å·ãå2831766å·ãå3158484å·ãå
3210191å·ãå3294540å·ãå3507660å·ãè±åœç¹
èš±1012495å·ãå1022878å·ãå1179290å·ãå
1198450å·ãç¹éæ50â117414å·ãç±³åœç¹èš±
2739891å·ãå2823123å·ãå3068101å·ãå
3415649å·ãå3666478å·ãå3756828å·ãè±åœç¹
èš±1397218å·ãç±³åœç¹èš±3133816å·ãå3441413å·ã
å3475174å·ãå3545974å·ãå3726683å·ãå
3843368å·ããã«ã®ãŒç¹èš±731126å·ãè±åœç¹èš±
1138514å·ãå1159825å·ãå1374780å·ãç¹å ¬æ
40â378å·ãå40â379å·ãå43â13822å·ãç±³åœ
ç¹èš±2271623å·ãå2288226å·ãå2944900å·ãå
3253919å·ãå3671247å·ãå3772021å·ãå
3589906å·ãå3666478å·ãå3754924å·ã西ç¬ç¹
èš±åºé¡OLS1961638å·ãç¹éæ50â59025å·ãªã©
ã«èšèŒã®ãã®ã§ããã æ¬çºæã§çšããããæå ææã«ã¯å¯žåºŠå®å®æ§ã®
æ¹è¯ãªã©ã®ç®çã§ãæ°Žäžæº¶ãŸãã¯é£æº¶æ§åæããª
ããŒã®åæ£ç©ãå«ãããšãã§ãããããšãã°ã¢ã«
ãã«ïŒã¡ã¿ïŒã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒããã¢ã«ã³ãã·ã¢ã«ãã«
ïŒã¡ã¿ïŒã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒããã°ãªã·ãžã«ïŒã¡ã¿ïŒã¢ã¯
ãªã¬ãŒããïŒã¡ã¿ïŒã¢ã¯ãªã«ã¢ãããããã«ãšã¹
ãã«ïŒããšãã°é ¢é žããã«ïŒãã¢ã¯ãªããããªã«ã
ãªã¬ãã€ã³ãã¹ãã¬ã³ãªã©ã®åç¬ãããã¯çµå
ãããŸãã¯ããããšã¢ã¯ãªã«é žãã¡ã¿ã¢ã¯ãªã«
é žãαïŒÎ²âäžé£œåãžã«ã«ãã³é žãããããã·ã¢
ã«ãã«ïŒã¡ã¿ïŒã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒããã¹ã«ããªã¢ã«ãã«
ïŒã¡ã¿ïŒã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒããã¹ãã¬ã³ã¹ã«ããªã³é žãª
ã©ã®çµåããåéäœæåãšããããªããŒãçšãã
ããšãã§ãããããšãã°ãç±³åœç¹èš±2376005å·ã
å2739137å·ãå2853457å·ãå3062674å·ãå
3411911å·ãå3488708å·ãå3525620å·ãä¿
3607290å·ãå3635715å·ãå3645740å·ãè±åœç¹
èš±1186699å·ãå1307373å·ã«èšèŒã®ãã®ãçšãã
ããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã®åŠã硬調乳å€ã¯ç·ç»ã®å
çã«é©ããŠããããã®ãããªçšéã§ã¯å¯žåºŠå®å®æ§
ãéèŠã§ããããããã®ãããªããªããŒåæ£ç©ã
å«ãããšã¯å¥œãŸããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ 50âã«ä¿ã€ããŒã©ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²äžã«ãç¡é žé氎溶
液ãšèåã«ãªæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãåæã«50åéã«å ãããã®
épAgã7.9ã«ä¿ã€ããšã«ãããå¹³åç²åŸ0.25ÎŒã®
èåéä¹³å€ã調補ããããã®ä¹³å€ã¯ãå¯æº¶æ§å¡©é¡
ãåžžæ³ã§é€å»ããåŸãèåéïŒã¢ã«åœã43mgã®ã
ãªç¡«é žãããªãŠã ãå ã60âã§60åéååŠçæã
ããããã®ä¹³å€ã«ã¯èåéïŒã¢ã«åœã120ïœã®ãŒ
ã©ãã³ãå«ãããã®ä¹³å€ã®å éšæ床ã¯è¡šé¢æ床ã«
æ¯ãç¡èŠã§ããã»ã©äœãã ãã®èåéä¹³å€ãäºåããäžæ¹ã«æ¬çºæã®åå
ç©äŸâïŒãããã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«åœãïŒÃ10-2ã¢
ã«å ãããã«ç¡¬èå€ïŒâããããã·âïŒïŒïŒâãž
ã¯ããâïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâããªã¢ãžã³ã»ãããªãŠã å¡©
ãå ãããããäžæ¹ã«ã¯äžèšç¡¬èå€ã®ã¿ãå ãã
åŸãåã ããªãšãã¬ã³ãã¬ãã¿ã¬ãŒãã»ãã€ã«ã
äžã«100cm2åœãéé45mgã«ãªãããã«å¡åžããã
ãããã®è©Šæãå æ¥äžã§ïŒç§éé²å ããåŸãæ¬çº
æã®ååç©äŸâïŒïŒâïŒïŒâïŒåã³âïŒ
ã®ãããããå«ãäžèšçµæã®çŸå液ãçšããŠ20â
ã§ïŒåéçŸåãã以åŸéåžžã®åŠçããããæ¯èŒãš
ããŠååç©äŸã®ãããããå«ãŸãªãå Žåãåæ§
ã«åŠçããã âã¡ãã«âïœâã¢ããããšããŒã«ããç¡«é žå¡©
ïŒïœ ãã€ããããã³ 10ïœ ç¡æ°Žäºç¡«é žãããªãŠã 75ïœ ã¡ã¿ããŠé žãããªãŠã åæ°Žå¡© 30ïœ æ°Žé žåã«ãªãŠã 12ïœ äžè¬åŒããã®ååç© ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºã æ°Žãå ããŠ ïŒ ïŒPHïŒ11.5ïŒ åŸãããåçç¹æ§ã¯ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãåŠãã§ããã
第ïŒè¡šã§çžå¯Ÿæ床ã¯ãã«ããªãé€ãæ¿åºŠ2.0ãåŸ
ãããé²å éã®éæ°ã®çžå¯Ÿå€ã§ãè©ŠæïŒã®å€ã
100ãšããŠç€ºãããã®ã§ããã
ãè¡šã
第ïŒè¡šããæãããªããã«ãæ¬çºæã®çµåãã
ã«ãããé«æ床ãé«Î³ãäœã«ããªã®ç»åã圢æã
ããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ å®æœäŸïŒãšåãæ¹æ³ã§ãå¹³åç²åŸ0.25ÎŒã®ç¡«é»
å¢æèåéä¹³å€ã調補ãããå¡åžåã«ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€º
ãåŠãæ¬çºæã®äžè¬åŒããã®ååç©ãå ããã
ã«ïŒâããããã·âïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ããâïŒïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒâããªã¢ãžã³ãããªãŠã å¡©ïŒ0.4ïœïŒ100ïœãŒã©
ãã³ïŒãå ããå®æœäŸïŒãšåæ§ã«å¡åžãããåè©Š
æã¯å æ¥äžã§ïŒç§é²å ããåŸãäžèšçµæã®çŸå液
ã§20âã§ïŒåçŸåãã以ééåžžã®ããã«åçåŠç
ããã âã¡ãã«âïœâã¢ããããšããŒã«ïŒããç¡«é ž
å¡©ïŒ ïŒïœ ãã€ããããã³ 10ïœ ç¡æ°Žäºç¡«é žãããªãŠã 75ïœ ã¡ã¿ããŠé žãããªãŠã åæ°Žå¡© 30ïœ æ°Žé žåã«ãªãŠã 15ïœ ååç©äŸâïŒïŒïŒïŒ ã¡ã¿ããŒã«æº¶æ¶²ïŒ 45ml æ°Žãå ããŠ ïŒ ïŒPHïŒ12ïŒ åŸãããã¬ã³ãã¯ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãåŠãã§ããã
ã«ãããé«æ床ãé«Î³ãäœã«ããªã®ç»åã圢æã
ããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ å®æœäŸïŒãšåãæ¹æ³ã§ãå¹³åç²åŸ0.25ÎŒã®ç¡«é»
å¢æèåéä¹³å€ã調補ãããå¡åžåã«ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€º
ãåŠãæ¬çºæã®äžè¬åŒããã®ååç©ãå ããã
ã«ïŒâããããã·âïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ããâïŒïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒâããªã¢ãžã³ãããªãŠã å¡©ïŒ0.4ïœïŒ100ïœãŒã©
ãã³ïŒãå ããå®æœäŸïŒãšåæ§ã«å¡åžãããåè©Š
æã¯å æ¥äžã§ïŒç§é²å ããåŸãäžèšçµæã®çŸå液
ã§20âã§ïŒåçŸåãã以ééåžžã®ããã«åçåŠç
ããã âã¡ãã«âïœâã¢ããããšããŒã«ïŒããç¡«é ž
å¡©ïŒ ïŒïœ ãã€ããããã³ 10ïœ ç¡æ°Žäºç¡«é žãããªãŠã 75ïœ ã¡ã¿ããŠé žãããªãŠã åæ°Žå¡© 30ïœ æ°Žé žåã«ãªãŠã 15ïœ ååç©äŸâïŒïŒïŒïŒ ã¡ã¿ããŒã«æº¶æ¶²ïŒ 45ml æ°Žãå ããŠ ïŒ ïŒPHïŒ12ïŒ åŸãããã¬ã³ãã¯ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãåŠãã§ããã
ãè¡šã
ãè¡šã
åèäŸ
äžè¬åŒããã§ç€ºããã第ïŒè¡šã®ååç©ã®ä»£ã
ã«ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã®åŠãæ¬çºæå€ã®ããã©ãžã³ååç©ã
5.1ïœïŒmolAgBrå ãã以å€ãå®æœäŸïŒãšå šãå
æ§ã«ããŠÎ³ã枬å®ããããã®çµæã¯ããããã®å
åç©ãæ·»å ãããã®ããæ·»å ãããªãè©Šæãšæ¯ã¹
ãŠÎ³ã¯å€ããªãã€ãïŒÎ³ïŒïŒïŒãæ¬çºæã«ããå
åç©Nâ²âããšãã«ããªã«ã ããã©ãžãã¯20ãã
ããγãäžããã
ã«ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã®åŠãæ¬çºæå€ã®ããã©ãžã³ååç©ã
5.1ïœïŒmolAgBrå ãã以å€ãå®æœäŸïŒãšå šãå
æ§ã«ããŠÎ³ã枬å®ããããã®çµæã¯ããããã®å
åç©ãæ·»å ãããã®ããæ·»å ãããªãè©Šæãšæ¯ã¹
ãŠÎ³ã¯å€ããªãã€ãïŒÎ³ïŒïŒïŒãæ¬çºæã«ããå
åç©Nâ²âããšãã«ããªã«ã ããã©ãžãã¯20ãã
ããγãäžããã
ãè¡šã
ãè¡šã
å®æœäŸ ïŒ
å®æœäŸïŒã®ä¹³å€ãšåæ§ãªæ¹æ³ã§ãæ²åéïŒã¢ã«
ïŒ åã³ïŒã¢ã«ïŒ ãããããå«ãå¹³åç²åŸ0.25ÎŒã®
æ²èåéä¹³å€ãåã³å¹³åç²åŸ0.5ÎŒã®èåéä¹³å€ã
調補ããããããã®ä¹³å€ãåã ïŒïŒ¢åã³ïŒ£ãšã
ããååŠçæã¯ä¹³å€ïŒ£ã«ãããŠããªç¡«é žãããªãŠ
ã ã®éã26mgïŒmolAgãšãã以å€ã¯å®æœäŸïŒãš
åæ§ã«ãããä¹³å€ïŒ¡ïŒïŒ¢ããã³ïŒ£ã¯ããã²ã³åé
ïŒã¢ã«åœããŒã©ãã³120ïœãå«ã¿ãå éšæ床ã¯è¡š
é¢æ床ã«æ¯ãç¡èŠã§ãããä¹³å€ïŒ¡ïŒïŒ¢åã³ïŒ£ã«
åã æ¬çºæã®ååç©äŸâïŒã第ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãåŠã
å ããå®æœäŸïŒã®è©ŠéšNo.ïŒãšåæ§ã«ããŠå¡åžãé²
å åã³çŸåããåçç¹æ§ã枬å®ããããã®çµæã
第ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºããçžå¯Ÿæ床ã¯å®æœäŸïŒãšåãå®çŸ©ã«
ãããåŸã€ãŠãã®æ°å€ã¯ä¹³å€ïŒ¡ïŒïŒ¢åã³ïŒ£çžäºã®
éã§ã®æ床ã®æ¯èŒã«ã¯åœ¹ç«ããªãã
ïŒ åã³ïŒã¢ã«ïŒ ãããããå«ãå¹³åç²åŸ0.25ÎŒã®
æ²èåéä¹³å€ãåã³å¹³åç²åŸ0.5ÎŒã®èåéä¹³å€ã
調補ããããããã®ä¹³å€ãåã ïŒïŒ¢åã³ïŒ£ãšã
ããååŠçæã¯ä¹³å€ïŒ£ã«ãããŠããªç¡«é žãããªãŠ
ã ã®éã26mgïŒmolAgãšãã以å€ã¯å®æœäŸïŒãš
åæ§ã«ãããä¹³å€ïŒ¡ïŒïŒ¢ããã³ïŒ£ã¯ããã²ã³åé
ïŒã¢ã«åœããŒã©ãã³120ïœãå«ã¿ãå éšæ床ã¯è¡š
é¢æ床ã«æ¯ãç¡èŠã§ãããä¹³å€ïŒ¡ïŒïŒ¢åã³ïŒ£ã«
åã æ¬çºæã®ååç©äŸâïŒã第ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãåŠã
å ããå®æœäŸïŒã®è©ŠéšNo.ïŒãšåæ§ã«ããŠå¡åžãé²
å åã³çŸåããåçç¹æ§ã枬å®ããããã®çµæã
第ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºããçžå¯Ÿæ床ã¯å®æœäŸïŒãšåãå®çŸ©ã«
ãããåŸã€ãŠãã®æ°å€ã¯ä¹³å€ïŒ¡ïŒïŒ¢åã³ïŒ£çžäºã®
éã§ã®æ床ã®æ¯èŒã«ã¯åœ¹ç«ããªãã
ãè¡šã
第ïŒè¡šããå¹³åç²åŸ0.25ÎŒã®æ²èåéä¹³å€åã³
å¹³åç²åŸ0.5ÎŒã®èåéä¹³å€ã§ãæ¬çºæã«ãã20ã
ãããγãããããããšããããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ å®æœäŸïŒã®åŠãããŠäœãããèåéä¹³å€ã«ã10
ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³æº¶æ¶²ãå ããŠãããã²ã³åé察ãŒã©ã
ã³æ¯ã次ã®ãããªïŒæ°Žæºã«å€ããã ä¹³å€ ïœ 155ïœïŒã¢ã«AgBr ïœ 205 ã ïœ 310 ã ïœ 410 ã åä¹³å€ã«ãæ¬çºæã®ååç©äŸïŒã2.4ïœïŒ
molAgBrå ããŠãå®æœäŸïŒãšåæ§ã«å¡åžããé²
å ããå®æœäŸïŒã®è©ŠéšNo.ïŒãšåæ§ã«çŸåãããåŸ
ãããåçç¹æ§ã¯ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãåŠãã§ãããçžå¯Ÿ
æ床ã¯ãã«ããªãé€ããæ¿åºŠ1.0ãäžããé²å é
ã®éæ°ã®çžå¯Ÿå€ã§ç€ºãã
å¹³åç²åŸ0.5ÎŒã®èåéä¹³å€ã§ãæ¬çºæã«ãã20ã
ãããγãããããããšããããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ å®æœäŸïŒã®åŠãããŠäœãããèåéä¹³å€ã«ã10
ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³æº¶æ¶²ãå ããŠãããã²ã³åé察ãŒã©ã
ã³æ¯ã次ã®ãããªïŒæ°Žæºã«å€ããã ä¹³å€ ïœ 155ïœïŒã¢ã«AgBr ïœ 205 ã ïœ 310 ã ïœ 410 ã åä¹³å€ã«ãæ¬çºæã®ååç©äŸïŒã2.4ïœïŒ
molAgBrå ããŠãå®æœäŸïŒãšåæ§ã«å¡åžããé²
å ããå®æœäŸïŒã®è©ŠéšNo.ïŒãšåæ§ã«çŸåãããåŸ
ãããåçç¹æ§ã¯ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãåŠãã§ãããçžå¯Ÿ
æ床ã¯ãã«ããªãé€ããæ¿åºŠ1.0ãäžããé²å é
ã®éæ°ã®çžå¯Ÿå€ã§ç€ºãã
ãè¡šã
ããã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«åœããŒã©ãã³éã250ïœã
ããããšæ¬çºæã®ç®çãšãããããªå¹æãããã
ãªãããšããããã
ããããšæ¬çºæã®ç®çãšãããããªå¹æãããã
ãªãããšããããã
Claims (1)
- ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã ïŒ å¹³åç²åŸã0.7ãã¯ãã³ãã倧ã§ãªãå®è³ªç
ã«è¡šé¢æœååã§ããååæ£ã®ããã²ã³åéç²åã
ãæããããã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«åœãå«æãããã€ã³
ããŒã250ïœããå€ãããšã¯ãªãããã²ã³åéå
çä¹³å€ãå°ããšãäžã€æãã該åçä¹³å€å±€åã¯ä»
ã®å°ããšãäžã€ã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãå±€ã«ãäžè¬åŒ
ããã§è¡šããããååç©ãå«æããåçæå æ
æããåé²å åŸããã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãçŸå液
ïŒåœãïŒÃ10-6ãïŒÃ10-1ã¢ã«å«ã¿ããã€0.15
ã¢ã«ïŒä»¥äžã®äºç¡«é žã€ãªã³ãå«ãçŸå液ã§ãPH
11.0ã12.3ã«ãããŠçŸåããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããå
çç»å圢ææ¹æ³ã R1NHNHCOR2 ãã ãåŒäžR1ã¯ã¢ãªãŒã«åºãè¡šãããR2ã¯æ°ŽçŽ å
åãããšãã«åºåã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ç¡çœ®æã¢ã«ã
ã«åºãããããããã
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13556276A JPS5366732A (en) | 1976-11-11 | 1976-11-11 | Formation of hard tone photographic image |
| GB23292/77A GB1579956A (en) | 1976-06-07 | 1977-06-01 | Silver halide photographic image-forming process |
| DE2725743A DE2725743C3 (de) | 1976-06-07 | 1977-06-07 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines kontrastreichen Negativbildes |
| GB32630/77A GB1560005A (en) | 1976-08-11 | 1977-08-03 | Silver halide photographic emulsions |
| DE19772736229 DE2736229A1 (de) | 1976-08-11 | 1977-08-11 | Photographische silberhalogenidemulsion |
| US05/823,881 US4168977A (en) | 1976-08-11 | 1977-08-11 | Silver halide photographic emulsion |
| US05/967,546 US4224401A (en) | 1976-06-07 | 1978-12-07 | Silver halide photographic emulsions and image forming process |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13556276A JPS5366732A (en) | 1976-11-11 | 1976-11-11 | Formation of hard tone photographic image |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5366732A JPS5366732A (en) | 1978-06-14 |
| JPS6410820B2 true JPS6410820B2 (ja) | 1989-02-22 |
Family
ID=15154704
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13556276A Granted JPS5366732A (en) | 1976-06-07 | 1976-11-11 | Formation of hard tone photographic image |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5366732A (ja) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4269929A (en) * | 1980-01-14 | 1981-05-26 | Eastman Kodak Company | High contrast development of photographic elements |
| JP2514316B2 (ja) * | 1984-08-14 | 1996-07-10 | ã³ãã«æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
| JPS6147949A (ja) * | 1984-08-14 | 1986-03-08 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | ç»å圢ææ¹æ³ |
| GB8516934D0 (en) * | 1985-07-04 | 1985-08-07 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Photographic materials |
| JPS62119540A (ja) * | 1985-11-20 | 1987-05-30 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
| JPH0668613B2 (ja) * | 1986-04-02 | 1994-08-31 | å¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
| JP2515140B2 (ja) * | 1988-06-17 | 1996-07-10 | å¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
| JPH02291548A (ja) * | 1989-04-29 | 1990-12-03 | Konica Corp | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã®ç»å圢ææ¹æ³ |
| JPH04278274A (ja) * | 1991-03-06 | 1992-10-02 | Hiroshi Ueda | ã»ã©ããã¯ãšããžãšããã¥ãŒã ã«ããç£æ°ããŒãã®é¡é¢åŠçïŒãŽãé€å»æ¹æ³ |
-
1976
- 1976-11-11 JP JP13556276A patent/JPS5366732A/ja active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5366732A (en) | 1978-06-14 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4224401A (en) | Silver halide photographic emulsions and image forming process | |
| US4168977A (en) | Silver halide photographic emulsion | |
| US4377634A (en) | Method for forming high contrast photographic image | |
| US4385108A (en) | Method of forming negative dot images | |
| JPS589411B2 (ja) | 硬調åçæå ææ | |
| JPS5814664B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã®åŠçæ¹æ³ | |
| JPS589412B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã®çŸåæ¹æ³ | |
| JPS5952815B2 (ja) | 硬調ãªç»åã圢æããæ¹æ³ | |
| JPS5952818B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPS624701B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH0411854B2 (ja) | ||
| JPS5952816B2 (ja) | 硬調åçç»åã圢æããæ¹æ³ | |
| JPS6410820B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH0115855B2 (ja) | ||
| US4772545A (en) | High speed silver halide photographic materials | |
| JPS5851253B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã®è£œé æ¹æ³ | |
| JPS589410B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã®åŠçæ¹æ³ | |
| JP2821505B2 (ja) | èå§æ§ãæ¹è¯ãããããã²ã³åéåçæå ææåã³åŠçæ¹æ³ | |
| JPS624700B2 (ja) | ||
| JPS5830568B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ | |
| JPH08328195A (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| EP0797789B1 (en) | Novel dihydrazides as dot-promoting agents in photographic image systems | |
| US5702866A (en) | Dihydrazides | |
| JPS6250829A (ja) | 硬調åçç»åã®åœ¢ææ¹æ³ | |
| JP3448722B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææåã³ãã®ç»å圢ææ¹æ³ |