JP7510403B2 - 標的化リガンド - Google Patents
標的化リガンド Download PDFInfo
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- JP7510403B2 JP7510403B2 JP2021196293A JP2021196293A JP7510403B2 JP 7510403 B2 JP7510403 B2 JP 7510403B2 JP 2021196293 A JP2021196293 A JP 2021196293A JP 2021196293 A JP2021196293 A JP 2021196293A JP 7510403 B2 JP7510403 B2 JP 7510403B2
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Description
本出願は、2016年9月2日に出願された米国特許仮出願第62/383,221号および2017年2月8日に出願された米国特許仮出願第62/456,339号による優先権を主張するものであり、そのそれぞれの内容の全体を参照によって本明細書中に援用する。
多くの化合物が、治療効果を有するかまたは診断目的で有用となるためには、特定位置に(例えば、所望の(単数もしくは複数の)細胞に)送達される必要がある。生体内において治療用化合物を送達することを試みる場合には、こうしたことが頻繁にある。さらに、特定位置に効率的に化合物を送達できることは、該化合物の投与によって引き起こされる可能性がある意図しない結果(標的を外れた効果など)を制限するかまたは潜在的に排除する。生体内の所望の位置に治療用化合物などの化合物の送達を容易にする1つの方法は、標的化リガンドに化合物を連結されたかまたは取り付けることである。
ヒト患者または動物などの対象の体内の特定の臓器または組織、例えば、特定の標的部位への治療用化合物の送達を促進する可能性のある標的化リガンドを、本明細書中に開示する。いくつかの実施形態において、本明細書中に記載した標的化リガンドは、発現阻害オリゴマー化合物の標的送達を促進し得る。いくつかの実施形態において、標的化リガンドは、肝臓への発現阻害オリゴマー化合物の送達を促進する。
リンカー置換部分を有する分岐点基、1もしくは複数のテザー、および1もしくは複数の標的化部分を含む、式IIの構造を含むか、それらから成るか、または実質的にそれらから成る標的化リガンドを本明細書中に開示する:
いくつかの実施形態において、本明細書中に開示した標的化リガンドは、次の構造式によって表される構造を有する:
いくつかの実施形態において、本明細書中に開示した標的化リガンドを含むホスホラミダイト化合物は、以下の構造式によって表される構造を有する:
化合物の投与から恩恵を受ける疾患または障害を治療する方法であって、本明細書中に開示した標的化リガンドに連結された化合物を対象に投与することを含む該方法を開示する。
対象における標的核酸の発現を阻害する方法であって、本明細書中に開示した標的化リガンドに連結された発現阻害オリゴマー化合物の治療量を投与することを含む該方法を本明細書中に開示する。
生体内で肝臓に発現阻害オリゴマー化合物を送達する方法であって、本明細書中に開示した標的化リガンドに連結された発現阻害オリゴマー化合物を対象に投与することを含む該方法を本明細書中に開示する。
本明細書中に使用される場合、「一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド」という用語は、標的mRNAに対して少なくとも部分的に相補的である、すなわち、哺乳動物の生理的条件(または、インビトロにおける匹敵した条件)下で水素結合形成によって標的mRNAにハイブリダイズできる配列を有する一本鎖オリゴマー化合物を意味する。いくつかの実施形態において、一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドは、一本鎖アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドである。
本明細書中に使用される場合、「配列」または「ヌクレオチド配列」という用語は、標準的なヌクレオチド命名法を使用した文字の連なりを用いて記載した核酸塩基またはヌクレオチドの連なりまたは順序を意味する。
本明細書中に使用される場合、「部分的に相補的」とは、ハイブリダイズした核酸塩基配列の対において、第一のポリヌクレオチドの連続配列の塩基のすべてではなく、少なくとも70%が、第二のポリヌクレオチドの連続配列の同数の塩基にハイブリダイズすることを意味する。
本明細書中に使用される「相補的」、「完全に相補的」、および「実質的に相補的」という用語は、二本鎖RNAi剤のセンス鎖とアンチセンス鎖との間、二本鎖RNAi剤のアンチセンス鎖と標的mRNAの配列との間、または一本鎖アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドと標的mRNAの配列との間で合致する塩基に関して使用されてもよい。
本明細書中に使用される場合、オリゴマー化合物を指すとき、「細胞内に導入」という語句は、細胞内にオリゴマー化合物を機能的に送達することを意味する。「機能的な送達」という語句は、前記オリゴマー化合物が期待された生物学的活性、例えば、遺伝子発現の配列特異的な阻害、を有することができる様式で該オリゴマー化合物を細胞に送達することを意味する。
本明細書中に使用される場合、そこで不斉中心が存在し、それによって、鏡像異性体、ジアステレオマー、または他の立体異性の立体配置を示す各構造に関して、特定の立体構造を有するとして構造が特異的に同定されることなしに、本明細書中に開示した各構造は、それらの光学的に純粋、かつ、ラセミ形態を含めた斯かるすべての見込まれる異性体を表すことを意図する。例えば、本明細書中に開示した構造は、ジアステレオマーの混合物、ならびにただ一つの立体異性体を網羅することを意図する。
本明細書中の請求項で使用されるとき、「から実質的に成る」という語句は、請求項の範囲を、指定された材料またはステップ、および請求項に記載されている発明の(単数もしくは複数の)基本的および新規特徴に物質的に影響しないものに限定する。
本発明の他の特徴および利点は、以下の詳細な説明、および請求項から明らかであろう。
治療用または診断用化合物などの化合物に連結された標的化リガンドを本明細書中に記載する。いくつかの実施形態において、本明細書中に記載した標的化リガンドに連結された化合物は、発現阻害オリゴマー化合物などの治療用化合物を含むか、またはそれらから成る。前記標的化リガンドは、所望の位置の標的核酸または標的遺伝子に対して治療用化合物を標的化するために使用できる。標的化リガンドおよび治療用化合物を含む組成物、例えば標的化リガンドおよび発現阻害オリゴマー化合物を含むか、またはそれらから成る組成物などもまた、本明細書中に記載する。
標的化リガンドは、1もしくは複数の標的化基または標的化部分から成り、そしてそれは、それらが連結された化合物の薬物動力学的または生体分布特性を高める、および該複合化組成物の細胞もしくは組織特異的分配または細胞特異的取り込みを改善するのに役立つ可能性がある。一般に、標的化リガンドは、それに連結された治療用化合物の、所望の標的部位への送達を誘導する際の助けとなる。場合によっては、標的化部分は、細胞または細胞受容体に結合して、該治療用化合物の細胞内への侵入を容易にするためにエンドサイトーシスを開始し得る。標的化部分としては、細胞受容体、細胞表面分子または抗体に対して親和性を有する化合物を挙げることができる。標的化部分を含むさまざまな標的化リガンドが、細胞および特定の細胞受容体に剤を標的化するために治療薬および他の化合物に連結され得る。標的化部分のタイプとしては、炭水化物、コレステロールおよびコレステリル基、ならびにステロイドが挙げられる。細胞受容体に結合できる標的化部分としては、ガラクトース、ガラクトース誘導体(N-アセチル-ガラクトサミンなど)、マンノース、およびマンノース誘導体などのサッカリド;他の炭水化物;グリカン;ハプテン;ビタミン;フォラート;ビオチン;アプタマー;ならびに、例えばRGD含有ペプチド、インスリン、EGF、およびトランスフェリンなどのペプチドが挙げられる。
いくつかの実施形態において、標的化リガンドは、以下の式IIによって表される:
いくつかの実施形態において、RNAi剤に連結される標的化リガンドは、標的化部分または標的化部分として1若しくは複数のN-アセチル-ガラクトサミン糖を含む。
本明細書中に開示した標的化リガンドは、式Iに示す、リンカーを含むか、あるいは、分岐点基は、式IIに示す、リンカー置換部分を含む。
前記リンカーは、片端で分岐点基に連結され、およびもう一方の末端で治療用化合物に(または、該標的化リガンドがホスホラミダイト化合物として合成されるとき、ホスホラミダイトのリン原子に)連結される原子群である。いくつかの実施形態において、前記リンカーは、片端で分岐点基に連結され、および次に発現阻害オリゴマー化合物に結合される(単数もしくは複数の)基にもう一方の末端で結合される。いくつかの実施形態において、前記リンカーは、オリゴマー化合物に直接的に連結される。いくつかの実施形態において、前記リンカーは、切断可能部分に連結され、そしてそれは、次に、オリゴマー化合物に連結される。切断可能部分の例としては、これだけに限定されるものではないが、例えば、ホスファート基、ジスルフィド部分を含めた基、および/または切断され得る他のヌクレオシド間結合が挙げられる。いくつかの実施形態において、前記リンカーは、切断可能部分に連結されない。いくつかの実施形態において、前記リンカーは、ホスホロチオアート基またはホスホナート基に連結される。
いくつかの実施形態において、式Iの標的化リガンドは、次の構造式を有するリンカーを含むか、またはそれらから成る:
いくつかの実施形態において、切断可能部分はホスファート基である。ホスファート基は、ホスファート基を分解するかまたは加水分解することが知られている剤によって切断され得る。
いくつかの実施形態において、本明細書中に開示したリンカーおリンカー置換部分は、標的化リガンドの単一異性体のみの取り込みを許容し、そしてそれが、オリゴヌクレオチド治療薬の追加的な利点を提供し得る。
本明細書中に開示した標的化リガンドは、少なくとも1つの分岐点基を含む。いくつかの実施形態において、本明細書中に開示した標的化リガンドの分岐点基は、リンカーに連結される。いくつかの実施形態において、本明細書中に開示した標的化リガンドの分岐点基は、片端でリンカーに連結され、および分岐点基は(単数もしくは複数の)他の末端で1若しくは複数のテザーに連結される。いくつかの実施形態において、分岐点基は、(単数もしくは複数の)追加基を介して発現阻害オリゴマー化合物に連結される。いくつかの実施形態において、分岐点基はリンカー置換部分を含み、かつ、発現阻害オリゴマー化合物に連結される。
いくつかの実施形態において、標的化リガンドは、リンカー置換基を含む分岐点基を含む。
本明細書中に開示した標的化リガンドは、1若しくは複数のテザーを含む。テザーは、分岐点基とそれぞれの標的化部分との間に連結される。いくつかの実施形態において、前記テザーは、片端で標的化リガンドに直接的に、およびもう一方の末端で分岐点基に直接的に連結される。いくつかの実施形態において、前記テザーは、片端で直接的に標的化リガンドに、およびもう片方の末端で間接的に分岐点基に連結される。いくつかの実施形態において、前記テザーは、片端で標的化リガンドに間接的に、およびもう一方の末端で分岐点基に間接的に連結される。いくつかの実施形態において、本明細書中に記載した標的化リガンドは、3つのテザーおよび3つの標的化部分を含む。いくつかの実施形態において、本明細書中に記載した標的化リガンドは、4つのテザーおよび4つの標的化部分を含む。いくつかの実施形態において、本明細書中に記載した標的化リガンドは、1つのテザーおよび1つの標的化部分を含む。いくつかの実施形態において、本明細書中に記載した標的化リガンドは、複数のテザーおよび複数の標的化部分を含む。
本明細書中に開示される場合、前記テザーは、標的化部分と、分岐点基、リンカー、および治療用化合物との間の連結にさらなる柔軟性および/または長さを加え得るスペーサーとして役立つ。いくつかの実施形態において、テザーとしては、アルキル基(シクロアルキル基を含む)、アルケニル基(シクロアルケニル基を含む)、アルキニル基、アリール基、アラルキル基、アラルケニル基、またはアラルキニル基が挙げられる。いくつかの実施形態において、前記テザーとしては、1若しくは複数のヘテロ原子、複素環化合物、ヘテロアリール、アミノ酸、ヌクレオチド、またはサッカリドが挙げられる。
本明細書中に開示した標的化リガンドは、1~4、または4つより多くの標的化部分を含み得る。
いくつかの実施形態において、標的化リガンドは、ガラクトースクラスタであってもよい。本明細書中に使用される場合、ガラクトースクラスタリングは、2~4つの末端ガラクトース誘導体を有する標的化リガンドを含む。本明細書中に使用される場合、ガラクトース誘導体という用語は、ガラクトースのそれと同等かまたはそれを越えるアシアロ糖タンパク受容体に対する親和性を有する、ガラクトースおよびガラクトース誘導体の両方を含む。ガラクトース誘導体は、一種の標的化部分であるサッカリド糖である。末端ガラクトース誘導体は、サッカリドのC-1炭素を通してテザーに連結される。
本明細書中に開示した標的化リガンドは、1若しくは複数の標的化部分、テザー、分岐点基、およびリンカーから成り得る。本明細書中に開示した標的化リガンドは、1、2、3、4、または4つより多くの標的化部分から成り得る。
4つの末端N-アセチルガラクトサミンを指すとき、当該技術分野で一般的に使用される用語としては、四分岐型(tetra-antennary)、四価、および四量体が挙げられる。
本明細書中に開示した標的化リガンドは、オリゴマー化合物に連結され得る。いくつかの実施形態において、前記オリゴマー化合物は、発現阻害オリゴマー化合物である。いくつかの実施形態において、前記発現阻害オリゴマー化合物は、RNAi剤である。いくつかの実施形態において、前記発現阻害オリゴマー化合物は、二本鎖RNAi剤である。いくつかの実施形態において、前記発現阻害オリゴマー化合物は、一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドである。前記発現阻害オリゴマー化合物は、当該技術分野で一般的に使用される方法を使用することで合成され得る。
二本鎖RNAi剤は、アンチセンス鎖をセンス鎖とアニーリングすることによって形成できる。
本明細書中に開示した標的化リガンドは、オリゴマー化合物に連結されるとき、該化合物の投与から恩恵を受けるであろう疾患または障害に罹患している対象(例えば、ヒトまたは哺乳動物)を治療するために使用できる。いくつかの実施形態において、本明細書中に開示した標的化リガンドは、発現阻害オリゴマー化合物に連結されるとき、標的mRNAの発現の低減または阻害から恩恵を受けるであろう疾患または障害に罹患している対象(例えば、ヒト)を治療するために使用できる。前記対象は、本明細書中に開示した標的化リガンドに連結される、RNAi剤などの任意の1若しくは複数の発現阻害オリゴマー化合物の治療的有効量を投与される。前記対象は、ヒト、患者、またはヒト患者である可能性がある。前記対象は、成人、思春期の人、小児、または幼児であってもよい。発現阻害オリゴマー化合物に連結された標的化リガンドを含む前述の医薬組成物は、疾患の治療療法のための方法を提供するために使用できる。斯かる方法は、ヒトまたは動物への、本明細書中に記載した医薬組成物の投与を含む。
先に提供した実施形態は、次の制限されることのない例を用いてここで例示される。
次の実施例の合成に関する実験的詳細に使用される略語の一部を以下に規定する:hまたは時間=時間;min=分;mol=モル;mmol=ミリモル;M=モル;μM=マイクロモル;g=グラム;μg=マイクログラム;rtまたはRT=室温;L=リットル;mL=ミリリットル;wt=重量;Et2O=ジエチルエーテル;THF=テトラヒドロフラン;DMSO=ジメチルスルホキシド;EtOAc=酢酸エチル;Et3NまたはTEa=トリエチルアミン;i-Pr2NEt、DIPEAまたはDIEA=ジイソプロピルエチルアミン;CH2Cl2またはDCM=塩化メチレン;CHCl3=クロロホルム;CDCl3=重水素化クロロホルム;CCl4=四塩化炭素;MeOH=メタノール;EtOH=エタノール;DMF=ジメチルホルムアミド;BOC=t-ブトキシカルボニル;CBZ=ベンジルオキシカルボニル;TBS=t-ブチルジメチルシリル;TBSCl=t-ブチルジメチルシリルクロリド;TFA=トリフルオロ酢酸;DMAP=4-ジメチルアミノピリジン;NaN3=アジ化ナトリウム;Na2SO4=硫酸ナトリウム;NaHCO3=重炭酸ナトリウム;NaOH=水酸化ナトリウム;MgSO4=硫酸マグネシウム;K2CO3=炭酸カリウム;KOH=水酸化カリウム;NH4OH=水酸化アンモニウム;NH4Cl=塩化アンモニウム;SiO2=シリカ;Pd-C=パラジウム炭素;HCl=塩化水素または塩酸;NMM=N-メチルモルホリン;H2=水素ガス;KF=フッ化カリウム;EDC-HCl=N-(3-ジメチルアミノプロピル)-N’-エチルカルボジイミドヒドロクロリド;MTBE=メチル-tert-ブチルエーテル;MeOH=メタノール;Ar=アルゴン;SiO2=シリカ;RT=保持時間。
n = 2’-OMe修飾ヌクレオチド
nf = 2’-フルオロ修飾ヌクレオチド
dN = 2’-デオキシヌクレオチド
NUNA = 2’,3’-セコヌクレオチド模倣体(ロックされていない核酸塩基類似体)
NLNA = ロックされたヌクレオチド
NfANA = 2’-F-アラビノヌクレオチド
NM = 2’-メトキシエチルヌクレオチド
XまたはAb = 脱塩基リボース
R = リビトール
(invdN) = 反転デオキシリボヌクレオチド(3’-3’結合ヌクレオチド)
(invAb) = 反転脱塩基ヌクレオチド
(invX) = 反転脱塩基ヌクレオチド
(invn) = 反転2’-OMeヌクレオチド
s = ホスホロチオアート基結合ヌクレオチド
vpdN = ビニルホスホナートデオキシリボヌクレオチド
(3’OMen)= 3’-OMeヌクレオチド
(5Me-Nf)= 5’-Me,2’-フルオロヌクレオチド
cPrp = シクロプロピルホスホナート
本開示の化合物は、当業者に知られている合成化学技術を使用して作製できる。
構造1005b、構造1004b、および構造1002bのホスホラミダイト含有化合物を、4-cis-ヒドロキシシクロヘキサンカルボン酸(本明細書中では化合物8)を化合物、構造1005bを合成するのに使用した、4-trans-ヒドロキシシクロヘキサンカルボン酸(本明細書中では化合物8a)を化合物、構造1004bを合成するのに使用した、および4-cis-ヒドロキシシクロヘキサンカルボン酸と(本明細書中では化合物8)と4-trans-ヒドロキシシクロヘキサンカルボン酸(本明細書中では化合物8a)の混合物を化合物、構造1002bを合成するのに使用したという相違のみで、以下の手順に従って合成した。
図1Aは、先のステップ7に説明する代替合成に続く、化合物11のtrans異性体(本明細書中の構造1004b)の1H NMRスペクトルを示す。
1)トリ-tert-ブチルN-[N-(ベンジルオキシカルボニル)-L-γ-グルタミル]-L-グルタミン酸(化合物14)の調製
図2Dは、化合物16に関する1H NMRスペクトルを示す。
図2Eは、化合物17に関する1H NMRスペクトルを示す。
図2Fは、化合物18に関する1H NMRスペクトルを示す。
図3は、化合物30(本明細書中の構造1025b)に関する1H NMRスペクトルを示す。
実施例4:標的化リガンド、ホスホラミダイト含有化合物、構造1014bの合成
構造1006bおよび構造1007bのホスホラミダイト含有化合物を、4-cis-ヒドロキシシクロヘキサンカルボン酸(本明細書中では化合物8)を構造1006bを合成するのに使用した、および4-trans-ヒドロキシシクロヘキサンカルボン酸(本明細書中では化合物8a)を構造1007bを合成するのに使用したという相違のみで、以下の同じ手順に従って合成した。
図5は、化合物44に関する1H NMRスペクトルを示す(本明細書中の構造1007b)。
図6は、化合物47に関する1H NMRスペクトルを示す(本明細書中の構造1027b)。
実施例8.標的化リガンド、ホスホラミダイト含有化合物の物理特性
本明細書中に開示した剛性リンカー構造を有していない特定のGalNAcリガンドホスホラミダイト化合物は、多くの共通溶媒中でのゲル化傾向を示した。
1:1までの混合物を使用する必要がある。
実施例2で先に述べたように、図2Aは、構造1008bのホスホラミダイト化合物の31P NMRスペクトルを示す。図2Aは、ホスホラミダイトの正しいシフトを表す単一ピークを示す。加水分解ピークを含めた他のピークは示されず、そしてそれは、高度に純粋な化合物を示す。
図9は複数の不純物ピークを示し、そしてそれは、加水分解された副産物が存在するように見えるピークを含む。
A.合成
RNAi剤を、オリゴヌクレオチド合成で使用される固相上のホスホラミダイト技術に従って合成された。スケールに応じて、MerMade96E(Bioautomation)またはMerMadel2(Bioautomation)を使用した。合成は、制御細孔ガラス(CPG、500Åまたは600Å、Prime Synthesis, Aston, PA, USAから得られる)からなる固体支持体上で行った。すべてのRNA、2’-修飾RNA、およびUNAホスホラミダイトは、Thermo Fisher Scientific(Milwaukee, WI, USA)から購入した。具体的には、以下の2’-O-メチルホスホラミダイトを使用した:(5’-O-ジメトキシトリチル-N6-(ベジゾイル)-2’-O-メチル-アデノシン-3’-O-(2-シアノエチル-N,N-ジイソプロピルアミノ)ホスホラミダイト、5’-O-ジメトキシ-トリチル-N4-(アセチル)-2’-O-メチル-シチジン-3’-O-(2-シアノエチル-N,N-ジイソプロピルアミノ)ホスホラミダイト、(5’-O-ジメトキシトリチル-N2-(イソブチリル)-2’-O-メチル-グアノシン-3’-O-(2-シアノエチル-N,N-ジイソプロピルアミノ)ホスホルアミダイト、および5’-O-ジメトキシトリチル-2’-O-メチル-ウリジン-3’-O-(2-シアノエチル-N,N-ジイソプロピルアミノ)ホスホラミダイト。標的化リガンド含有ホスホラミダイトを、無水ジクロロメタンまたは無水アセトニトリル(50mM)に溶解したが、他のすべてのアミダイトを無水アセトニトリル(50mM)に溶解し、そして、モレキュラーシーブ(3Å)を加えた。活性化剤溶液として5-ベンジルチオ-1H-テトラゾール(BTT、アセトニトリル中250mM)または5-エチルチオ-1H-テトラゾール(ETT、アセトニトリル中250mM)を使用した。カップリング時間は10分(RNA)、15分(標的化リガンド)、90秒(2’OMe)、および60秒(2’F)であった。ホスホロチオエート結合を導入するために、無水アセトニトリル中の3-フェニル1,2,4-ジチアゾリン-5-オン(POS、Poly Org, Inc., Leominster, MA, USAから入手した)の100mM溶液を使用した。
固相合成の終了後、乾燥した固体支持体を、水中の40wt%メチルアミンと28%水酸化アンモニウム溶液(Aldrich)の1:1容量溶液で30℃で2時間処理した。溶液を蒸発させ、固体残渣を水で復元した(下記参照)。
未精製オリゴマーを、TKSgel SuperQ-5PW1 3uカラムおよびShimadzu LC-8システムを使用した陰イオン交換HPLCにより精製した。緩衝液Aは20mMのTris、5mMのEDTA、pH9.0であり、20%のアセトニトリルを含有し、緩衝液Bは緩衝液Aと同じであるが1.5Mの塩化ナトリウムを添加した。260nmにおけるUVトレースを記録した。適切な画分を貯留し、次に100mMの重炭酸アンモニウムpH6.7および20%のアセトニトリルから成る泳動バッファーと共に、セファデックスG‐25媒体を充填したGE Healthcare XK16/40カラムを使用したサイズ排除HPLCに流した。
0.2×PBS(リン酸緩衝化生理食塩水、1×、Corning, Cellgro)中で等モルRNA溶液(センスおよびアンチセンス)を組み合わせることにより相補鎖を混合して、RNAi剤を形成した。この溶液を70℃のサーモミキサーに入れ、95℃に加熱し、95℃で5分間保持し、ゆっくりと室温まで冷却した。一部のRNAi剤を凍結乾燥し、-15~-25℃で保存した。二本鎖濃度は、0.2×PBS中で紫外-可視分光計で溶液の吸光度を測定することにより決定した。次に260nmでの溶液の吸光度に変換係数および希釈率を掛けて、二本鎖濃度を決定した。特に断りのない限り、すべての変換係数は0.037mg/(mL・cm)であった。いくつかの実験では、変換係数を、実験的に決定された吸光係数から計算した。
センス鎖の3’および5’末端の間のGalNAcリガンドの付着部位における差を評価するために、以下の表1に示した配列を有する、F12(本明細書中でF12 RNAi剤とも呼ばれる)に向けられた発現阻害オリゴマー化合物(二本鎖RNAi剤)を調製した:
二本鎖の発現阻害オリゴマー化合物(二本鎖RNAi剤)のセンス鎖の3’および5’末端のGalNAcリガンドの付着部位を更に評価するために、以下の表3に示した配列を有する、F12に向けられた組成物を調製した:
以下の表3に示した配列を有する、Lp(a)発現阻害オリゴマー化合物(二本鎖Lp(a)RNAi剤)を調製した:
Lp(a) RNAi剤のそれぞれの鎖は、MerMade96E(登録商標)(Bioautomation)またはMerMade12(登録商標)(Bioautomation)のいずれかを使用したオリゴヌクレオチド合成に使用される固相におけるホスホラミダイト技術に従って合成し、そして、相補鎖を、本明細書中に一般的に実施例10に記載の方法に従って、0.2×PBS(ホスファート緩衝化生理食塩水、1×、Corning, Cellgro)中で等モルRNA溶液(センスおよびアンチセンス)を組み合わせることによって混合して、二本鎖を形成した。
以下の表4に示した配列を有する、Lp(a)発現阻害オリゴマー化合物(二本鎖Lp(a)RNAi剤)を調製した:
センス鎖の5’末端にてそれぞれのGalNAcリガンド(すなわち、(NAG25)、(NAG28)、または(NAG30))に連結したLp(a)RNAi剤を、SC注射によって送達した。1日目に、SC注射は、生理食塩水、または緩衝化生理食塩水中のRNAi剤(AD03536、AD03538、またはAD03540)の0.5mg/kg(mpk)の用量のいずれかを含む、200μl溶液/20gマウスを、背部の肩間の弛んだ皮膚に投与した。1処置群あたり三(3)匹のapo(a)Tgマウスが存在する。
以下の表5に示した配列を有する、Lp(a)発現阻害オリゴマー化合物(二本鎖Lp(a)RNAi剤)を調製した:
(NAG31)は、本明細書中の構造1005に表される化学構造を有する。(NAG37)は、本明細書中の構造1008に表される化学構造を有する。
Lp(a) RNAi剤のそれぞれの鎖は、MerMade96E(登録商標)(Bioautomation)またはMerMade12(登録商標)(Bioautomation)のいずれかを使用したオリゴヌクレオチド合成に使用される固相におけるホスホラミダイト技術に従って合成し、そして、相補鎖を、本明細書中に一般的に実施例10に記載の方法に従って、0.2×PBS(ホスファート緩衝化生理食塩水、1×、Corning, Cellgro)中で等モルRNA溶液(センスおよびアンチセンス)を組み合わせることによって混合して、二本鎖を形成した。
それぞれのGalNAcリガンド(すなわち、(NAG25)、(NAG31)または(NAG37))に連結したLp(a)RNAi剤を、皮下(SC)注射のために当該技術分野で知られている医薬的に許容されるバッファーと組み合わせた。
それぞれのGalNAcリガンド(すなわち、(NAG25)、(NAG31)、または(NAG37))に連結したLp(a)RNAi剤を、SC注射によって送達した。1日目に、SC注射を、生理食塩水、または緩衝化生理食塩水中のRNAi剤(AD03536、AD03629またはAD04170)の3mg/kg(mpk)の用量のいずれかを、200μl溶液/20gマウスにて、背部の肩間の弛んだ皮膚に投与した。1処置群あたり四(4)匹のLp(a)Tgマウスが存在する。
GalNAc標的化リガンド(NAG25)[AD04162];(NAG37)[AD04623];(NAG31)[AD04512];(NAG33)[AD04650]または(NAG38)[AD04651]に、ホスホロチオアート連結によって5’末端にて結合した、F12発現阻害オリゴマー化合物(二本鎖F12 RNAi剤)を調製した。それぞれ二本鎖RNAi剤が、F12を対象とした。
以下の表記は、GalNAc標的化リガンド構造について使用される:
配列および修飾パターンは、先に示したように、F12 RNAi剤のそれぞれのセンス鎖の5’末端に位置するGalNAc標的化リガンド構造に存在する組成物の相違のみで、AD04162、AD04623、AD04512、AD04650、およびAD04651に関して同一であった。
以下の表6に示した配列を有する、Lp(a)発現阻害オリゴマー化合物(二本鎖Lp(a)RNAi剤)を調製した:
以下の表7に示した配列を有する、Lp(a)発現阻害オリゴマー化合物(二本鎖RNAi剤)を調製した:
それぞれのGalNAc標的化リガンド(すなわち、NAG33、NAG34またはNAG35)に連結したLp(a)RNAi剤を、SC注射によって投与した。1日目に、SC注射は、生理食塩水、または緩衝化生理食塩水中のRNAi剤(AD03721、AD03722、またはAD03723)の1mg/kg(mpk)の用量のいずれかを含む、200μl溶液/20gマウスを、背部の肩間の弛んだ皮膚に投与した。1処置群あたり三(3)匹のapo(a)Tgマウスが存在する。
本明細書中に記載したLp(a)トランスジェニックマウスを、インビボにおいてN-アセチル-ガラクトサミンリガンドを結合した二本鎖RNAi剤の有効性を評価するのに使用した。実施例15で先に記載した、二本鎖ID:AD04170を有するLp(a)に対するRNAi剤を製造した。先に記載したように、Lp(a)二本鎖ID:AD04170は、センス鎖の5’末端にて取り付けられた(NAG37)標的化リガンド(構造1008)を含む。
以下の表8に示した配列を有する、Lp(a)発現阻害オリゴマー化合物(二本鎖RNAi剤)を調製した:
F12に合わせて異なる配列を有し、かつ、センス鎖の5’末端でGalNAc標的化リガンド構造1008[(NAG37)]に連結されたF12RNAi剤を、作製し、そして、皮下(SC)注射のために当該技術分野で知られている医薬的に許容されるバッファーに組み合わせた。
インビボにおいてα-1アンチトリプシン(AAT)遺伝子に向けられたRNAi剤を評価するために、トランスジェニックPiZマウス・モデル(PiZマウス)を使用した。PiZマウスは、ヒトPiZ AAT変異対立遺伝子およびモデルヒトAATD(Carlson et al., Journal of Clinical Investigation 1989)を有する。
AAT RNAi剤を、医薬的に許容される生理食塩バッファー中で調製し、そして、AAT遺伝子発現のノックダウンを評価するために、PiZマウスには、背部の肩間の弛んだ皮膚内に、200μlの溶液/20gマウスの皮下(SC)注射によって投与した。各マウスのは、3mg/kg(mpk)のAD04463の単回SC投与量を与えた。3匹のマウスに、AAT RNAi剤を投与した(n=3)。
本発明を、その詳細な説明と併せて説明したが、前述の説明は例示を意図するものであり、添付の特許請求の範囲により定義される本発明の範囲を限定するものではないことを理解されたい。他の態様、利点、および変更は、以下の請求項の範囲内である。
Claims (18)
- リンカー、分岐点基、1もしくは複数のテザー、および1もしくは複数の標的化部分を含み、式(I)の構造を含む標的化リガンド又はその医薬的に許容され得る塩:
(a)該リンカーは、以下から成る群から選択される構造であり:
および
(b)前記分岐点基は、以下から成る群から選択される構造であり:
および
(c)各テザーは、独立して以下から成る群から選択され:
(式中、構造301におけるnは、1~20の整数であり、かつ、構造301におけるXは、O、S、またはNHである);
(式中、構造303におけるnは、1~20の整数であり、かつ、構造303におけるXは、O、S、またはNHである);
(式中、構造304におけるnは、1~20の整数であり、かつ、構造304におけるXは、O、S、またはNHである);
(式中、構造305におけるXは、O、S、またはNHである);
および
(式中、構造306におけるXは、O、S、またはNHである);
かつ
(d)各標的化部分は、独立して、以下から成る群から選択される:
N-アセチルガラクトサミン、ガラクトース、ガラクトサミン、N-ホルミル-ガラクトサミン、N-プロピオニル-ガラクトサミン、N-n-ブタノイルガラクトサミン、およびN-イソ-ブタノイルガラクトサミン}
但し、前記式(I)の構造を含む標的化リガンドは、以下からなる群から選択される構造を含む標的化リガンド又はその医薬的に許容され得る塩ではない:
(構造1018);
- 前記リンカーが、以下のとおりである、請求項1に記載の標的化リガンド又はその医薬的に許容され得る塩:
- 前記分岐点基が、以下のとおりである、請求項1に記載の標的化リガンド又はその医薬的に許容され得る塩:
又は
- 前記標的化部分が、N-アセチルガラクトサミンである、請求項1に記載の標的化リガンド又はその医薬的に許容され得る塩。
- 前記式(I)のnが3である、請求項1に記載の標的化リガンド又はその医薬的に許容され得る塩。
- 前記式(I)のnが4である、請求項1に記載の標的化リガンド又はその医薬的に許容され得る塩。
- 前記標的化リガンドが、RNAi剤に連結される、請求項1に記載の標的化リガンド又はその医薬的に許容され得る塩。
- 前記RNAi剤が一本鎖又は二本鎖である、請求項7に記載の標的化リガンド又はその医薬的に許容され得る塩。
- 前記RNAi剤が二本鎖である、請求項8に記載の標的化リガンド又はその医薬的に許容され得る塩。
- 対象における標的核酸の発現を阻害するための医薬組成物であって、請求項1に記載の標的化リガンドのいずれかに連結されたRNAi剤を含む医薬組成物。
- RNAi剤を哺乳動物細胞内に導入するための医薬組成物であって、RNAi剤に連結された請求項1に記載の標的化リガンドを含む医薬組成物。
- 前記細胞が対象の体内に存在する、請求項11に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記対象がヒトである、請求項12に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記RNAi剤が二本鎖RNAi剤である、請求項11に記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の標的化リガンド又はその医薬的に許容され得る塩を含むホスホラミダイト化合物を製造する方法であって:
(i)リンカーのカルボン酸部分(または、活性化エステル)を、分岐点基上に位置する末端アミンに共有結合で連結し、そして、
(ii)ホスホラミダイト形成試薬を用いたホスフィチル化反応によって、リンカーをホスホラミダイトのリン原子に連結し;それによって、標的化リガンドを含むホスホラミダイト化合物を形成することを含む該方法。 - 前記ホスホラミダイト形成試薬が、以下から選択される、請求項15に記載の方法:
- 薬剤として使用するための、RNAi剤に連結された請求項1に記載の標的化リガンド。
- 前記RNAi剤が二本鎖RNAi剤である、請求項17に記載の標的化リガンド。
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