JP7058656B2 - トランスサイレチン(TTR)iRNA組成物を用いてTTR関連疾患を治療または予防するための方法 - Google Patents
トランスサイレチン(TTR)iRNA組成物を用いてTTR関連疾患を治療または予防するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本願は、2016年12月16日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/435,127号明細書に対する優先権の利益を主張し、その内容全体は、参照により本明細書中に援用される。
本願は、ASCIIフォーマットで電子的に提出されている配列表を含み、ここでその全体は参照により援用される。2017年12月7日に作成された前記ASCIIコピーは、121301-07020_SL.txtという名称であり、サイズが9,480バイトである。
本発明がより容易に理解されるように、特定の用語を最初に定義する。これに加えて、パラメータの値または値範囲が列挙される場合は常に、列挙された値の中間の値および範囲もまた、本発明の一部であることが意図されることに留意すべきである。
本発明は、ヒト対象におけるTTR関連疾患、例えばトランスサイレチン媒介性アミロイドーシス(ATTRアミロイドーシス)、例えば遺伝性ATTR(h-ATTR)または非遺伝性ATTR(wt ATTR)を治療または予防するための方法を提供する。方法は、本発明のRNAi剤を治療有効量または予防有効量で対象に投与することを含む。
本発明の方法における使用に適したiRNAは、細胞、例えば対象、例えば哺乳動物、例えばTTR関連疾患を有するヒトの内部の細胞におけるTTR遺伝子の発現を阻害するための二本鎖リボ核酸(dsRNA)分子を含む。dsRNAは、TTR遺伝子発現中に形成されるmRNAの少なくとも一部と相補的である、相補性領域を有するアンチセンス鎖を含む。相補性領域は、約30ヌクレオチド以下の長さ(例えば約30、29、28、27、26、25、24、23、22、21、20、19、または18ヌクレオチド以下の長さ)である。TTR遺伝子を発現する細胞との接触に際して、iRNAは選択的に、TTR遺伝子(例えばヒト、霊長類、非霊長類、または鳥類Sertpinc1遺伝子)の発現を、例えばPCRまたは分枝DNA(bDNA)ベースの方法による、または例えばウエスタンブロット法またはフローサイトメトリー技術を使用する免疫蛍光分析などのタンパク質ベースの方法によるアッセイで、少なくとも約10%阻害する。
一実施形態では、本発明の方法における使用が意図されるiRNAのRNA、例えばdsRNAは、修飾されず、例えば、当該技術分野で公知でありかつ本明細書に記載の化学修飾および/またはコンジュゲーションを含まない。別の実施形態では、本発明の方法における使用が意図されるiRNA剤のRNA、例えばdsRNAは、安定性または他の有利な特徴を増強するため、化学修飾される。本発明の特定の実施形態では、本発明のiRNAのヌクレオチドの実質的すべてが修飾される。本発明の他の実施形態では、本発明のiRNAのヌクレオチドのすべてが修飾される。一部の実施形態では、本発明のiRNAのヌクレオチドの実質的すべてが修飾され、かつiRNAは、センス鎖上に8以下の2’-フルオロ修飾(例えば、7以下の2’-フルオロ修飾、6以下の2’-フルオロ修飾、5以下の2’-フルオロ修飾、4以下の2’-フルオロ修飾、3以下の2’-フルオロ修飾、または2以下の2’-フルオロ修飾)、またアンチセンス鎖上に6以下の2’-フルオロ修飾(例えば、5以下の2’-フルオロ修飾、4以下の2’-フルオロ修飾、3以下の2’-フルオロ修飾、または2以下の2’-フルオロ修飾)を含む。他の実施形態では、本発明のiRNAのヌクレオチドのすべてが修飾され、かつiRNAは、センス鎖上に8以下の2’-フルオロ修飾(例えば、7以下の2’-フルオロ修飾、6以下の2’-フルオロ修飾、5以下の2’-フルオロ修飾、4以下の2’-フルオロ修飾、3以下の2’-フルオロ修飾、または2以下の2’-フルオロ修飾)、またアンチセンス鎖上に6以下の2’-フルオロ修飾(例えば、5以下の2’-フルオロ修飾、4以下の2’-フルオロ修飾、3以下の2’-フルオロ修飾、または2以下の2’-フルオロ修飾)を含む。「ヌクレオチドの実質的すべてが修飾される」場合の本発明のiRNAは、全部ではないが大規模に修飾されており、5以下、4、3、2、もしくは1の非修飾ヌクレオチドを含み得る。
本発明の特定態様では、本発明の方法における使用が意図される二本鎖RNAi剤は、例えば、2011年11月18日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/561,710号明細書、または2012年11月16日に出願された国際出願PCT/US2012/065691号明細書(それら各々の内容は参照により本明細書中に援用される)に開示されるような化学修飾を含む。
5’np-Na-(XXX)i-Nb-YYY-Nb-(ZZZ)j-Na-nq3’(I)
(式中、
iおよびjは、各々独立して0または1であり;
pおよびqは、各々独立して0~6であり;
各Naは、独立して0~25の修飾ヌクレオチドを含むオリゴヌクレオチド配列を表し、各配列は少なくとも2つの異なる修飾ヌクレオチドを含み;
各Nbは、独立して0~10の修飾ヌクレオチドを含むオリゴヌクレオチド配列を表し;
各npおよびnqは、独立してオーバーハングヌクレオチドを表し;
NbおよびYは、同じ修飾を有さず;かつ
XXX、YYYおよびZZZは、各々独立して3つの連続ヌクレオチド上の3つの同一修飾の1つのモチーフを表す)
によって表されてもよい。好ましくは、YYYは、すべての2’-F修飾ヌクレオチドである。
5’np-Na-YYY-Nb-ZZZ-Na-nq3’(Ib);
5’np-Na-XXX-Nb-YYY-Na-nq3’(Ic);または
5’np-Na-XXX-Nb-YYY-Nb-ZZZ-Na-nq3’(Id)
によって表され得る。
5’np-Na-YYY-Na-nq3’(Ia)
によって表されてもよい。
5’nq’-Na’-(Z’Z’Z’)k-Nb’-Y’Y’Y’-Nb’-(X’X’X’)l-N’a-np’3’ (II)
(式中、
kおよびlは、各々独立して0または1であり;
p’およびq’は、各々独立して0~6であり;
各Na’は、独立して0~25の修飾ヌクレオチドを含むオリゴヌクレオチド配列を表し、各配列は少なくとも2つの異なる修飾ヌクレオチドを含み;
各Nb’は、独立して0~10の修飾ヌクレオチドを含むオリゴヌクレオチド配列を表し;
各np’およびnq’は、独立してオーバーハングヌクレオチドを表し;
ここでNb’およびY’は、同じ修飾を有さず;かつ
X’X’X’、Y’Y’Y’およびZ’Z’Z’は、各々独立して3つの連続ヌクレオチド上の3つの同一修飾の1つのモチーフを表す)
によって表されてもよい。
5’nq’-Na’-Z’Z’Z’-Nb’-Y’Y’Y’-Na’-np’3’(IIb);
5’nq’-Na’-Y’Y’Y’-Nb’-X’X’X’-np’3’(IIc);または
5’nq’-Na’-Z’Z’Z’-Nb’-Y’Y’Y’-Nb’-X’X’X’-Na’-np’3’(IId)
によって表され得る。
5’np’-Na’-Y’Y’Y’-Na’-nq’3’(Ia)
によって表されてもよい。
センス:5’np-Na-(XXX)i-Nb-YYY-Nb-(ZZZ)j-Na-nq3’
アンチセンス:3’np’-Na’-(X’X’X’)k-Nb’-Y’Y’Y’-Nb’-(Z’Z’Z’)l-Na’-nq’5’
(III)
(式中、
i、j、k、およびlは、各々独立して0または1であり;
p、p’、q、およびq’は、各々独立して0~6であり;
各NaおよびNa’は、独立して0~25の修飾ヌクレオチドを含むオリゴヌクレオチド配列を表し、各配列は少なくとも2つの異なる修飾ヌクレオチドを含み;
各NbおよびNb’は、独立して0~10の修飾ヌクレオチドを含むオリゴヌクレオチド配列を表し;
ここで各np’、np、nq’、およびnqは各々、存在または不在の場合があり、独立してオーバーハングヌクレオチドを表し;かつ
XXX、YYY、ZZZ、X’X’X’、Y’Y’Y’、およびZ’Z’Z’は、各々独立して3つの連続ヌクレオチド上の3つの同一修飾の1つのモチーフを表す)
によって表される。
5’np-Na-YYY-Na-nq3’
3’np’-Na’-Y’Y’Y’-Na’nq’5’
(IIIa)
5’np-Na-YYY-Nb-ZZZ-Na-nq3’
3’np’-Na’-Y’Y’Y’-Nb’-Z’Z’Z’-Na’nq’5’
(IIIb)
5’np-Na-XXX-Nb-YYY-Na-nq3’
3’np’-Na’-X’X’X’-Nb’-Y’Y’Y’-Na’-nq’5’
(IIIc)
5’np-Na-XXX-Nb-YYY-Nb-ZZZ-Na-nq3’
3’np’-Na’-X’X’X’-Nb’-Y’Y’Y’-Nb’-Z’Z’Z’-Na-nq’5’
(IIId)
5’-Na-YYY-Nb-3’
3’np’-Na’-Y’Y’Y’-Nb’5’
(IIIe)
を含む。
5’-usCfsuugguuacaugAfaaucccasusc-3’(配列番号6)、
5’-usCfsuugGfuuAfcaugAfaAfucccasusc-3’(配列番号7)、
5’-UfsCfsuugGfuuAfcaugAfaAfucccasusc-3’(配列番号8)、および
5’-VPusCfsuugGfuuAfcaugAfaAfucccasusc-3’(配列番号9)(式中、a、c、g、およびuは、2’-O-メチル(2’-OMe)A、C、G、またはUであり;Af、Cf、Gf、およびUfは、2’-フルオロA、C、G、またはUであり;かつsは、ホスホロチオエート結合であり;かつVPは、5’-リン酸模倣物である)からなる群から選択されるヌクレオチド配列を含む。
5’-usgsggauUfuCfAfUfguaaccaaga-3’(配列番号10)および
5’-usCfsuugguuacaugAfaaucccasusc-3’(配列番号6);
5’-usgsggauUfuCfAfUfguaaccaaga-3’(配列番号10)および
5’-usCfsuugGfuuAfcaugAfaAfucccasusc-3’(配列番号7);
5’-usgsggauUfuCfAfUfguaaccaaga-3’(配列番号10)および
5’-UfsCfsuugGfuuAfcaugAfaAfucccasusc-3’(配列番号8);かつ
5’-usgsggauUfuCfAfUfguaaccaaga-3’(配列番号10)および
5’-VPusCfsuugGfuuAfcaugAfaAfucccasusc-3’(配列番号9)(式中、a、c、g、およびuは、2’-O-メチル(2’-OMe)A、C、G、またはUであり;Af、Cf、Gf、およびUfは、2’-フルオロA、C、G、またはUであり;かつsは、ホスホロチオエート結合であり;かつVPは、5’-リン酸模倣物である)からなる群から選択されるヌクレオチド配列を含む。別の実施形態では、センスおよびアンチセンス鎖は、ヌクレオチド配列5’-usgsggauUfuCfAfUfguaaccaaga-3’(配列番号10)および5’-usCfsuugGfuuAfcaugAfaAfucccasusc-3’(配列番号7)(式中、a、c、g、およびuは、2’-O-メチル(2’-OMe)A、C、G、またはUであり;Af、Cf、Gf、およびUfは、2’-フルオロA、C、G、またはUであり;かつsは、ホスホロチオエート結合である)を含む。さらに別の実施形態では、センスおよびアンチセンス鎖は、ヌクレオチド配列5’-usgsggauUfuCfAfUfguaaccaagaL96-3’(配列番号15)および5’-usCfsuugGfuuAfcaugAfaAfucccasusc-3’(配列番号7)(式中、a、c、g、およびuは、2’-O-メチル(2’-OMe)A、C、G、またはUであり;Af、Cf、Gf、およびUfは、2’-フルオロA、C、G、またはUであり;かつsは、ホスホロチオエート結合である)を含む。さらに別の実施形態では、RNAi剤は、AD-65492である。
本発明のiRNAのRNAの別の修飾は、iRNAの活性、細胞分布、または細胞内取り込みを高める、1つまたは複数のリガンド、部分または複合体を、RNAに化学的に連結することを伴う。このような部分としては、コレステロール部分(Letsinger et al.,Proc.Natl.Acid.Sci.USA,1989,86:6553-6556)などの脂質部分;コール酸(Manoharan et al.,Biorg.Med.Chem.Let.,1994,4:1053-1060);例えばベリル-S-トリチルチオール(Manoharan et al.,Ann.N.Y.Acad.Sci.,1992,660:306-309;Manoharan et al.,Biorg.Med.Chem.Let.,1993,3:2765-2770)、チオコレステロール(Oberhauser et al.,Nucl.AcidsRes.,1992,20:533-538)などのチオエーテル;例えばドデカンジオールまたはウンデシル残基(Saison-Behmoaras et al.,EMBO J,1991,10:1111-1118;Kabanov et al.,FEBS Lett.,1990,259:327-330;Svinarchuk et al.,Biochimie,1993,75:49-54)などの脂肪族鎖;例えばジ-ヘキサデシル-rac-グリセロールまたはトリエチル-アンモニウム1,2-ジ-O-ヘキサデシル-rac-グリセロ-3-ホスホネート(Manoharan et al.,Tetrahedron Lett.,1995,36:3651-3654;Shea et al.,Nucl.Acids Res.,1990,18:3777-3783)などのリン脂質;ポリアミンまたはポリエチレングリコール鎖(Manoharan et al.,Nucleosides & Nucleotides,1995,14:969-973);またはアダマンタン酢酸(Manoharan et al.,Tetrahedron Lett.,1995,36:3651-3654);パルミチル部分(Mishra et al.,Biochim.Biophys.Acta,1995,1264:229-237);またはオクタデシルアミンまたはヘキシルアミノ-カルボニルオキシコレステロール部分(Crooke et al.,J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.,1996,277:923-937)が挙げられるが、これに限定されるものではない。
1つの実施形態では、リガンドまたは複合体は、脂質または脂質ベースの分子である。このような脂質または脂質ベースの分子は、好ましくは、例えばヒト血清アルブミン(HSA)などの血清タンパク質と結合する。HSA結合リガンドは、例えば身体の非腎臓標的組織などの標的組織への複合体の分布を可能にする。例えば標的組織は、肝臓の実質細胞をはじめとする肝臓であり得る。HSAに結合し得るその他の分子もまた、リガンドとして使用し得る。例えばナプロキセンまたはアスピリンを使用し得る。脂質または脂質ベースのリガンドは、(a)複合体の分解耐性を増大させ得て、(b)標的細胞または細胞膜の標的化またはそれへの輸送を増大させ得て、および/または(c)例えばHSAなどの血清タンパク質の結合を調節するのに使用し得る。
別の態様では、リガンドは細胞透過剤であり、好ましくはらせん細胞透過剤である。好ましくは、細胞透過剤は両親媒性である。例示的な細胞透過剤は、tatまたはアンテノペディア(antennopedia)などのペプチドである。細胞透過剤がペプチドである場合、それはペプチジル模倣薬、逆転異性体、非ペプチドまたは偽ペプチド結合、およびD-アミノ酸使用をはじめとする、修飾を受け得る。らせん剤は、好ましくは親油性および疎油性相を有するα-らせん剤である。
本発明の組成物および方法のいくつかの実施形態では、iRNAオリゴヌクレオチドは、炭水化物をさらに含む。炭水化物共役iRNAは、本明細書に記載されるような、核酸ならびに生体内治療用途に適する組成物の生体内送達に、有利である。本明細書の用法では、「炭水化物」は、各炭素原子に結合する酸素、窒素またはイオウ原子がある、少なくとも6個の炭素原子(直鎖、分枝または環状であり得る)を有する、1つまたは複数の単糖単位で構成される炭水化物それ自体;各炭素原子に結合する酸素、窒素またはイオウ原子がある、少なくとも6個の炭素原子(直鎖、分枝または環状であり得る)をそれぞれ有する、1つまたは複数の単糖単位で構成される炭水化物部分をその一部として有する化合物のいずれかである化合物を指す。代表的な炭水化物としては、糖類(単糖類、二糖類、三糖類、および約4、5、6、7、8、または9個の単糖単位を含有するオリゴ糖類)、およびデンプン、グリコーゲン、セルロース、および多糖類ガムなどの多糖類が挙げられる。特定の単糖類としては、TTR以上(例えばTTR、C6、C7、またはC8)の糖類が挙げられ;二および三糖類としては、2または3個の単糖単位を有する糖類が挙げられる(例えばTTR、C6、C7、またはC8)。
いくつかの実施形態では、本明細書に記載される複合体またはリガンドは、切断可能または切断不能であり得る、様々なリンカーによって、iRNAオリゴヌクレオチドに付着し得る。
1つの実施形態では、切断可能連結基は、還元または酸化に際して切断される酸化還元切断可能連結基である。還元的切断可能連結基の一例は、ジスルフィド連結基(-S-S-)である。切断可能連結基候補が、適切な「還元的切断可能連結基」か、または例えば特定のiRNA部分および特定の標的作用物質と共に使用するのに適するかどうかを判定するために、本明細書に記載される方法に頼ることができる。例えば候補は、例えば標的細胞などの細胞中で観察される切断速度を模倣する、当該技術分野で公知の試薬を使用して、ジチオスレイトール(DTT)、またはその他の還元剤とのインキュベーションによって評価し得る。候補はまた、血液または血清条件を模倣するように選択される条件下で評価し得る。1つの候補化合物は、血中で最大で約10%切断される。他の実施形態では、有用な候補化合物は、血液(または細胞外条件を模倣するように選択された生体外条件下)と比較して、細胞中(または細胞内条件を模倣するように選択された生体外条件下)で、少なくとも約2、4、10、20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90または約100倍より迅速に分解される。候補化合物の切断速度は、細胞内媒体を模倣するように選択された条件下で標準酵素動態アッセイを使用して、細胞外媒体を模倣するように選択された条件と比較して判定し得る。
別の実施形態では、切断可能なリンカーは、リン酸ベースの切断可能連結基を含む。リン酸ベースの切断可能連結基は、リン酸基を分解または加水分解する作用物質によって切断され得る。細胞中でリン酸基を切断する作用物質の一例は、細胞内のホスファターゼなどの酵素である。リン酸ベースの連結基の例は、-O-P(O)(ORk)-O-、-O-P(S)(ORk)-O-、-O-P(S)(SRk)-O-、-S-P(O)(ORk)-O-、-O-P(O)(ORk)-S-、-S-P(O)(ORk)-S-、-O-P(S)(ORk)-S-、-S-P(S)(ORk)-O-、-O-P(O)(Rk)-O-、-O-P(S)(Rk)-O-、-S-P(O)(Rk)-O-、-S-P(S)(Rk)-O-、-S-P(O)(Rk)-S-、-O-P(S)(Rk)-S-である。好ましい実施形態は、-O-P(O)(OH)-O-、-O-P(S)(OH)-O-、-O-P(S)(SH)-O-、-S-P(O)(OH)-O-、-O-P(O)(OH)-S-、-S-P(O)(OH)-S-、-O-P(S)(OH)-S-、-S-P(S)(OH)-O-、-O-P(O)(H)-O-、-O-P(S)(H)-O-、-S-P(O)(H)-O、-S-P(S)(H)-O-、-S-P(O)(H)-S-、-O-P(S)(H)-S-である。好ましい実施形態は、-O-P(O)(OH)-O-である。これらの候補は、上述したものと類似の方法を使用して評価し得る。
別の実施形態では、切断可能なリンカーは、酸切断可能連結基を含む。酸切断可能連結基は、酸性条件下で切断される連結基である。好ましい実施形態では、酸切断可能連結基は、pH約6.5以下(例えば約6.0、5.75、5.5、5.25、5.0以下)の酸性環境内において、または一般酸として作用し得る酵素などの作用物質によって切断される。細胞内では、エンドソームおよびリソソームなどの特定の低pH細胞小器官が、酸切断可能連結基の切断環境を提供し得る。酸切断可能連結基の例としては、ヒドラゾン、エステル、およびアミノ酸エステルが挙げられるが、これに限定されるものではない。酸切断可能基は、一般式-C=NN-、C(O)O、または-OC(O)を有し得る。好ましい実施形態は、炭素がエステルの酸素に付着する場合(アルコキシ基)は、アリール基、置換アルキル基、またはジメチルペンチルまたはt-ブチルなどの三級アルキル基である。これらの候補は、上述したものと類似の方法を使用して評価し得る。
別の実施形態では、切断可能なリンカーは、エステルベースの切断可能連結基を含む。エステルベースの切断可能連結基は、細胞内でエステラーゼおよびアミダーゼなどの酵素によって切断される。エステルベースの切断可能連結基の例としては、アルキレン、アルケニレン、およびアルキニレン基のエステルが挙げられるが、これに限定されるものではない。エステル切断可能連結基は、一般式-C(O)O-または-OC(O)-を有する。これらの候補は、上述したものと類似の方法を使用して評価し得る。
さらに別の実施形態では、切断可能なリンカーは、ペプチドベースの切断可能連結基を含む。ペプチドベースの切断可能連結基は、細胞内で、ペプチダーゼおよびプロテアーゼなどの酵素によって切断される。ペプチドベースの切断可能連結基は、アミノ酸の間に形成されて、オリゴペプチド(例えばジペプチド、トリペプチドなど)およびポリペプチドを生じる、ペプチド結合である。ペプチドベースの切断可能基には、アミド基(-C(O)NH-)は含まれない。アミド基は、あらゆるアルキレン、アルケニレンまたはアルキニレン(alkynelene)間に形成され得る。ペプチド結合は、アミノ酸の間に形成されて、ペプチドおよびタンパク質を生じる特殊なタイプのアミド結合である。ペプチドベースの切断基は、一般にアミノ酸の間に形成されて、ペプチドおよびタンパク質を生じるペプチド結合(すなわちアミド結合)に限定され、アミド官能基全体は含まない。ペプチドベースの切断可能連結基は、一般式-NHCHRAC(O)NHCHRBC(O)-を有し、式中、RAおよびRBは2つの隣接するアミノ酸のR基である。これらの候補は、上述したものと類似の方法を使用して評価し得る。
XまたはYの一方はオリゴヌクレオチドであり、他方は水素である)が挙げられるが、これに限定されるものではない。
式(XXXII)~(XXXV)、
q2A、q2B、q3A、q3B、q4A、q4B、q5A、q5B、およびq5Cは、独立して、0~20の各出現を表し、q2A、q2B、q3A、q3B、q4A、q4B、q5A、q5B、およびq5Cは、独立して、0~20の各出現を表し、反復単位は、同一であるかまたは異なり得て;
P2A、P2B、P3A、P3B、P4A、P4B、P5A、P5B、P5C、T2A、T2B、T3A、T3B、T4A、T4B、T4A、T5B、T5Cは、各出現についてそれぞれ独立して、不在、CO、NH、O、S、OC(O)、NHC(O)、CH2、CH2NHまたはCH2Oであり;
Q2A、Q2B、Q3A、Q3B、Q4A、Q4B、Q5A、Q5B、Q5Cは、各出現についてそれぞれ独立して、不在、アルキレン、置換アルキレンであり、1つまたは複数のメチレンは、O、S、S(O)、SO2、N(RN)、C(R’)=C(R’’)、C≡CまたはC(O)の1つまたは複数によって中断または終結され得て;
R2A、R2B、R3A、R3B、R4A、R4B、R5A、R5B、R5Cは、各出現についてそれぞれ独立して、不在、NH、O、S、CH2、C(O)O、C(O)NH、NHCH(Ra)C(O)、-C(O)-CH(Ra)-NH-、CO、CH=N-O、
L2A、L2B、L3A、L3B、L4A、L4B、L5A、L5BおよびL5Cはリガンドを表し;すなわち各出現についてそれぞれ独立して、単糖(GalNAcなど)、二糖類、三糖、四糖、オリゴ糖、または多糖類であり;Raは、Hまたはアミノ酸側鎖である)のいずれかで示される構造群から選択される、二価または三価の分枝リンカーと共役する。三価の共役GalNAc誘導体は、
式(XXXVI)、
L5A、L5BおよびL5Cは、GalNAc誘導体などの単糖を表す)などの標的遺伝子の発現を阻害するために、RNAi剤と共に使用するのに特に有用である。
本発明のiRNAの、細胞、例えばヒト対象(例えば、それを必要とする対象、例えば接触活性化経路遺伝子発現に関連した疾患、障害または状態を有する対象)内部の細胞への送達は、いくつかの異なる様式で達成され得る。例えば送達は、試験管内または生体内のどちらかで、細胞を本発明のiRNAに接触させることで実施してもよい。生体内送達はまた、例えばdsRNAなどのiRNAを含む組成物を対象に投与することで直接実施してもよい。代案としては、生体内送達は、iRNAをコードして発現を誘導する、1つまたは複数のベクターを投与することで、間接的に実施してもよい。これらの代替案は、下でさらに考察される。
接触活性化経路遺伝子を標的にするiRNAは、DNAまたはRNAベクターに挿入される転写単位から発現され得る(例えば、Couture,A,et al.,TIG.(1996)、12:5-10;Skillern,A.,et al.,国際PCT公開の国際公開第00/22113号パンフレット、Conrad,国際PCT公開の国際公開第00/22114号パンフレット、およびConrad,米国特許第6,054,299号明細書を参照)。発現は、使用される特定のコンストラクトおよび標的組織または細胞型次第で、一過性(数時間から数週間程度)または持続性(数週間から数ヶ月以上)であり得る。これらの導入遺伝子は、組み込み型または非組み込み型ベクターであり得る、直鎖コンストラクト、環状プラスミド、またはウイルスベクターとして導入し得る。導入遺伝子はまた、それが染色体外プラスミドとして遺伝するのを可能にするよう構築し得る(Gassmann,et al.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA(1995)92:1292)。
本発明は、本発明の方法における使用のための本明細書に記載されるiRNAを含む医薬組成物および製剤もまた含む。一実施形態では、本発明で提供されるのは、本明細書に記載されるiRNAと、薬学的に許容できる担体とを含有する医薬組成物である。iRNAを含有する医薬組成物は、TTR遺伝子の発現または活性に関連する、疾患または障害を治療するのに有用である。このような医薬組成物は、送達様式に基づいて調合される。一実施例は、例えば皮下(SC)または静脈内(IV)送達による、非経口送達を通じた、全身投与のために調合される組成物である。別の例は、例えば連続ポンプ輸液などの脳内点滴による、脳実質内への直接送達のために調合される組成物である。本発明の医薬組成物は、TTR遺伝子の発現を阻害するのに十分な用量で投与されてもよい。一実施形態では、本発明のiRNA剤、例えばdsRNA剤は、薬学的に許容できる担体中で皮下投与用に製剤化される。
本発明の組成物および方法で使用されるiRNAは、例えばリポソームまたはミセルなどの膜様分子アセンブリー内の送達のために調合し得る。本明細書の用法では、「リポソーム」という用語は、例えば1つの二重層または複数の二重層などの、少なくとも1つの二重層に配列された両親媒性脂質から構成される小胞を指す。リポソームは、親油性材料と水性内部から形成される膜を有する、単層のまたは多重膜小胞を含む。水性部分は、iRNA組成物を含有する。親油性材料は、水性内部を水性外部から隔離し、水性外部は、典型的にiRNA組成物を含まないが、場合によっては含んでもよい。リポソームは、活性成分の作用部位への移行と送達のために有用である。リポソーム膜は生体膜と構造的に類似するので、リポソームを組織に適用すると、リポソーム性二重層は細胞膜の二重層と融合する。リポソームと細胞の融合が進行するにつれて、iRNAを含む内部水性内容物が細胞内に送達され、そこではiRNAが標的RNAに特異的に結合し得て、iRNAを媒介し得る。場合によっては、リポソームもまた特異的に標的化され、例えばiRNAを特定の細胞型に誘導する。
例えば本発明のdsRNAなどのiRNAは、例えばLNPまたはその他の核酸-脂質粒子などの脂質製剤中で完全にカプセル化して形成してもよい。
i.エマルション
本発明の組成物は、エマルションとして調製し調合し得る。エマルションは、典型的に、通常、直径が0.1μmを超える小滴形態で、別の液体中に分散する1つの液体の不均一系である(例えばAnsel’s Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems,Allen,LV.,Popovich NG.,and Ansel HC.,2004,Lippincott Williams & Wilkins(8th ed.),New York,NY;Idson,Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms,Lieberman,Rieger and Banker(Eds.),1988,Marcel Dekker,Inc.,New York,N.Y.,volume 1,p.199;Rosoff,Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms,Lieberman,Rieger and Banker(Eds.),1988,Marcel Dekker,Inc.,New York,N.Y.,Volume 1,p.245;Block in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms,Lieberman,Rieger and Banker(Eds.),1988,Marcel Dekker,Inc.,New York,N.Y.,volume 2,p.335;Higuchi et al.,Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,Pa.,1985,p.301を参照されたい)。エマルションは、密接に混合して互いに分散する、2つの不混和性液体相を含む、二相性システムであることが多い。一般にエマルションは、油中水型(w/o)または水中油型(o/w)のいずれかであり得る。水性相がバルク油性相中に微細分散して、微小滴として分散される場合、得られた組成物は、油中水型(w/o)エマルションと称される。代案としては、油性相がバルク水性相中に微細分散して、微小滴として分散される場合、得られた組成物は、水中油型(o/w)エマルションと称される。エマルションは、分散相と、水性相および油性相いずれかの中の溶液として、またはそれ自体が別個の相として存在し得る、活性薬剤とに加えて、追加的な成分を含有し得る。乳化剤、安定剤、染料、および抗酸化物質などの医薬品賦形剤はまた、必要に応じてエマルション中に存在し得る。医薬品エマルションはまた、例えば油中水中油(o/w/o)および水中油中水型(w/o/w)エマルションなどの場合、2つを超える相を含む複数エマルションであり得る。このような複合体製剤は、単純な二成分エマルションが提供しない、特定の利点を提供することが多い。その中でo/wエマルションの個々の油滴が小さな水滴を囲い込む複数エマルションは、w/o/wエマルションを構成する。同様に、水の小球中に封入されて、油性連続相内で安定化される油滴システムは、o/w/oエマルションを提供する。
本発明の一実施形態では、iRNAと核酸の組成物は、マイクロエマルションとして調合される。マイクロエマルションは、単一の光学的に等方性で熱力学的に安定している溶液である、水、油、および両親媒性物質のシステムと定義され得る(例えばAnsel’s Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems,Allen,LV.,Popovich NG.,and Ansel HC.,2004,Lippincott Williams & Wilkins(8th ed.),New York,NY;Rosoff,Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms,Lieberman,Rieger and Banker(Eds.),1988,Marcel Dekker,Inc.,New York,N.Y.,volume 1,p.245を参照されたい)。典型的に、マイクロエマルションは、最初に油を水性界面活性剤溶液に分散して、次に一般に中間鎖長のアルコールである、十分な量の第4の成分を添加し、透明なシステムを形成することで、調製されるシステムである。したがって、マイクロエマルションは、界面活性分子の界面膜によって安定化された、2つの不混和性液体の熱力学的に安定した等方的に透明な分散体として記述されている(Leung and Shah,Controlled Release of Drugs:Polymers and Aggregate Systems,Rosoff,M.,Ed.,1989,VCH Publishers,New York,pages 185-215)。マイクロエマルションは、通常、油、水、界面活性剤、共界面活性剤、および電解質をはじめとする、3~5成分の組み合わせを通じて調製される。マイクロエマルションが、油中水型(w/o)または水中油型(o/w)であるかどうかは、使用される油および界面活性剤の特性と、界面活性剤分子の極性頭部および炭化水素尾部の構造および幾何学的充填とに左右される(Schott,Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,Pa.,1985,p.271)。
本発明のiRNA剤は、例えば微粒子などの粒子に組み込まれてもよい。微粒子は、噴霧乾燥によって製造し得るが、それはまた、凍結乾燥、蒸発、流動床乾燥、真空乾燥、またはこれらの技術の組み合わせをはじめとする、その他の方法によって製造してもよい。
一実施形態では、本発明は、様々な浸透促進剤を用いて、核酸、特にiRNAの動物皮膚への効率的な送達をもたらす。ほとんどの薬剤は、イオン化および非イオン化形態の双方で、溶液中に存在する。しかし通常、脂質可溶性または親油性薬剤のみが、細胞膜を容易に通過する。通過する膜が浸透促進剤で処理されれば、非親油性薬剤でさえも細胞膜を通過し得ることが発見されている。細胞膜横切る非親油性薬剤の拡散を助けるのに加えて、浸透促進剤はまた、親油性薬剤の透過性を高める。
本発明の特定の組成物は、また配合中に担体化合物が組み込まれる。本明細書の用法では、「担体化合物」または「担体」は、不活性(すなわちそれ自体は生物学的活性を有しない)であるが、例えば生物学的に活性の核酸を分解し、またはその循環からの除去を促進することで、生物学的活性を有する核酸の生物学的利用能を低下させる、生体内過程によって、核酸と認識される、核酸、またはその類似体を指し得る。核酸および担体化合物の、典型的に後者の物質の過剰量での同時投与は、恐らく通常の受容体に対する担体化合物と核酸間の競合のために、肝臓、腎臓またはその他の循環外貯蔵所で回収される核酸量の実質的低下をもたらし得る。例えば肝臓組織内の部分的ホスホロチオエートdsRNAの回収は、それが、ポリイノシン酸、硫酸デキストラン、ポリシチジック(polycytidic)または4-アセトアミド-4’-イソチオシアノ-スチルベン-2,2’-ジスルホン酸と同時投与された場合に、低下し得る(Miyao et al.,DsRNA Res.Dev.,1995,5,115-121;Takakura et al.,DsRNA & Nucl.Acid Drug Dev.,1996,6,177-183。
担体化合物とは対照的に、「薬学的担体」または「賦形剤」は、1つまたは複数の核酸を動物に送達するための、薬学的に許容可能な溶媒、懸濁剤またはあらゆるその他の薬理学的に不活性なビヒクルである。賦形剤は液体または固体であり得、核酸および所与の医薬組成物のその他の成分と組み合わせた際に、所望の嵩、粘稠度などを提供するように、計画される投与様式を念頭に置いて選択される。典型的な薬学的担体としては、結合剤(例えばα化トウモロコシデンプン、ポリビニルピロリドンまたはヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースなど);増量剤(例えば乳糖およびその他の糖類、微結晶セルロース、ペクチン、ゼラチン、硫酸カルシウム、エチルセルロース、ポリアクリレートまたはリン酸水素カルシウムなど);潤滑剤(例えばステアリン酸マグネシウム、滑石、シリカ、二酸化ケイ素のコロイド、ステアリン酸、ステアリン酸金属塩、水素化植物油、コーンスターチ、ポリエチレングリコール、安息香酸ナトリウム、酢酸ナトリウムなど);崩壊剤(例えばデンプン、デンプングリコール酸ナトリウムなど);および湿潤剤(例えばラウリル硫酸ナトリウムなど)が挙げられるが、これに限定されるものではない。
本発明の組成物は、医薬組成物中に従来法で見られるその他の補助剤成分を、技術分野で確立されたそれらの使用レベルで、さらに含有し得る。したがって例えば組成物は、例えば、止痒剤、渋味剤、局所麻酔薬または抗炎症剤などの追加的な適合性薬理的活性材料を含有することができ、または染料、着香剤、保存料、抗酸化剤、乳白剤、増粘剤、および安定剤などの本発明の組成物の様々な剤形を物理的に調合する上で有用な追加的材料を含有し得る。しかしこのような材料は、添加した場合に、本発明の組成物の成分の生物学的活性に過度に干渉すべきでない。製剤は滅菌され得て、所望ならば、製剤の核酸と有害に相互作用しない、例えば、潤滑剤、保存料、安定剤、湿潤剤、乳化剤、浸透圧圧力に影響を及ぼす塩、緩衝液、着色料、着香料および/または芳香族物質などなどの助剤と混合される。
本発明は、本発明の方法のいずれかを実施するためのキットをさらに提供する。かかるキットは、1つ以上の二本鎖RNAi剤と、本発明の方法のいずれかにおける使用が意図される二本鎖剤の使用説明書を提示するラベルとを含む。キットは、任意選択的には、細胞をRNAi剤と接触させるための手段(例えば、注射デバイスまたは注入ポンプ)、またはTTRの阻害を測定するための手段(例えば、TTR mRNAまたはTTRタンパク質の阻害を測定するための手段)をさらに含んでもよい。TTRの阻害を測定するためのかかる手段は、サンプル、例えば血漿サンプルなどを対象から得るための手段を含んでもよい。本発明のキットは、任意選択的には、RNAi剤を対象に投与するための手段または治療有効量もしくは予防有効量を決定するための手段をさらに含んでもよい。
第I相無作為化単一盲検プラセボ対照試験では、AD-65492(センス:5’-usgsggauUfuCfAfUfguaaccaaga-3’(配列番号10);アンチセンス:5’-usCfsuugGfuuAfcaugAfaAfucccasusc-3’(配列番号7)を、5mg(n=6)、25mg(n=6)、50mg(n=6)、100mg(n=6)、200mg(n=6)、または300mg(n=6)の単回用量として健常ヒトボランティアに投与した。試験に参加する対象の人口動態を表2に示す。
当業者は、本明細書に記載の具体的な実施形態および方法に対する多くの均等物を理解するか、または通常の実験を用いるだけで確認できるであろう。かかる均等物は、以下の特許請求の範囲の範囲によって包含されるように意図される。
Claims (27)
- TTR関連疾患を患うかまたはTTR関連疾患を発現するリスクがあるヒト対象を治療するための医薬組成物であって、前記医薬組成物が約25mgの一定用量で投与される二本鎖RNAi剤を含み、
ここで、TTR関連疾患は、老人性全身性アミロイドーシス(SSA)、全身性家族性アミロイドーシス、家族性アミロイド多発ニューロパチー(FAP)、家族性アミロイド心筋症(FAC)、軟膜/中枢神経系(CNS)アミロイドーシス、アミロイド性硝子体混濁、手根管症候群、および高サイロキシン血症からなる群から選択され、
ここで前記二本鎖RNAi剤は、アンチセンス鎖に相補的なセンス鎖を含み、
ここで前記センス鎖は、ヌクレオチド配列5’-usgsggauUfuCfAfUfguaaccaaga-3’(配列番号10)を含み、かつ前記アンチセンス鎖は、ヌクレオチド配列5’-usCfsuugGfuuAfcaugAfaAfucccasusc-3’(配列番号7)を含み、
ここで、a、c、g、およびuは、2’-O-メチル(2’-OMe)A、C、G、またはUであり;Af、Cf、Gf、およびUfは、2’-フルオロA、C、G、またはUであり;かつsは、ホスホロチオエート結合である、医薬組成物。 - TTR関連疾患を患うかまたはTTR関連疾患を発現するリスクがあるヒト対象における神経障害または生活の質の少なくとも1つの指標を改善するための医薬組成物であって、前記医薬組成物が約25mgの一定用量で投与される二本鎖RNAi剤を含み、
ここで、TTR関連疾患は、老人性全身性アミロイドーシス(SSA)、全身性家族性アミロイドーシス、家族性アミロイド多発ニューロパチー(FAP)、軟膜/中枢神経系(CNS)アミロイドーシス、および手根管症候群からなる群から選択され、
ここで前記二本鎖RNAi剤は、アンチセンス鎖に相補的なセンス鎖を含み、
ここで前記センス鎖は、ヌクレオチド配列5’-usgsggauUfuCfAfUfguaaccaaga-3’(配列番号10)を含み、かつ前記アンチセンス鎖は、ヌクレオチド配列5’-usCfsuugGfuuAfcaugAfaAfucccasusc-3’(配列番号7)を含み、
ここで、a、c、g、およびuは、2’-O-メチル(2’-OMe)A、C、G、またはUであり;Af、Cf、Gf、およびUfは、2’-フルオロA、C、G、またはUであり;かつsは、ホスホロチオエート結合である、医薬組成物。 - 前記指標が、神経障害指標である、請求項2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記神経障害指標が、神経障害(NIS)スコアまたは改定NIS(mNIS+7)スコアである、請求項3に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記指標が、生活の質指標である、請求項2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記生活の質指標が、SF-36(登録商標)健康調査スコア、Norfolk Quality of Life-Diabetic Neuropathy(Norfolk QOL-DN)スコア、NIS-Wスコア、Rasch-built Overall Disability Scale(R-ODS)スコア、複合自律神経症状スコア(COMPASS-31)、肥満度指数中央値(mBMI)スコア、6分歩行試験(6MWT)スコア、および10m歩行試験スコアからなる群から選択される、請求項5に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記ヒト対象が、TTR関連疾患の発現に関連したTTR遺伝子突然変異を有する、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記ヒト対象が、トランスサイレチン媒介性アミロイドーシス(ATTRアミロイドーシス)を有し、かつ前記医薬組成物が、前記ヒト対象におけるアミロイドTTR沈着を減少させる、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記ATTRが、遺伝性ATTR(h-ATTR)である、請求項8に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記ATTRが、非遺伝性ATTR(wt ATTR)である、請求項8に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記二本鎖RNAi剤が、皮下、静脈内、筋肉内、気管支内、胸膜内、腹腔内、動脈内、リンパ管、脳脊髄、およびそれらの任意の組み合わせからなる群から選択される投与手段により、前記ヒト対象に投与される、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記二本鎖RNAi剤が、皮下、筋肉内または静脈内投与を介して、前記ヒト対象に投与される、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記二本鎖RNAi剤が、皮下投与を介して、前記ヒト対象に投与される、請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記皮下投与が、自己投与である、請求項13に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記自己投与が、プレフィルドシリンジまたは自動注射器シリンジを介する、請求項14に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記ヒト対象由来のサンプル中のTTR mRNA発現またはTTRタンパク質発現のレベルが評価される、請求項1~15のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記二本鎖RNAi剤が、3か月ごと、4か月ごと、5か月ごと、6か月ごと、9か月ごと、または12か月ごとに前記ヒト対象に投与される、請求項1~16のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記二本鎖RNAi剤が、前記一定用量で、約3か月ごとに1回、前記ヒト対象に投与される、請求項1~16のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記二本鎖RNAi剤が、前記ヒト対象に慢性的に投与される、請求項1~18のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物が追加的治療薬をさらに含む、請求項1~19のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記追加的治療薬が、TTR四量体安定剤および/または非ステロイド性抗炎症剤である、請求項20に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記二本鎖RNAi剤の前記センス鎖が、少なくとも1つのリガンドにコンジュゲートされる、請求項1~21のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記リガンドが、二価または三価分岐リンカーを通じて結合された1つ以上のGalNAc誘導体である、請求項22に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記リガンドが、前記センス鎖の3’末端に結合される、請求項22に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記二本鎖RNAi剤の前記センス鎖が、ヌクレオチド配列5’-usgsggauUfuCfAfUfguaaccaagaL96-3’(配列番号15)を含み、かつ前記RNAi剤の前記アンチセンス鎖が、ヌクレオチド配列5’-usCfsuugGfuuAfcaugAfaAfucccasusc-3’(配列番号7)を含み、
ここで、a、c、g、およびuが、2’-O-メチル(2’-OMe)A、C、G、またはUであり;Af、Cf、Gf、およびUfが、2’-フルオロA、C、G、またはUであり;sが、ホスホロチオエート結合であり;かつL96が、N-[トリス(GalNAc-アルキル)-アミドデカノイル)]-4-ヒドロキシプロリノールである、
請求項1~26のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
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EP3555292A1 (en) | 2019-10-23 |
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US20190350962A1 (en) | 2019-11-21 |
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US20240100080A1 (en) | 2024-03-28 |
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