JP6612032B2 - 発光素子、照明装置、電子機器、及び発光素子の作製方法 - Google Patents
発光素子、照明装置、電子機器、及び発光素子の作製方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6612032B2 JP6612032B2 JP2015021852A JP2015021852A JP6612032B2 JP 6612032 B2 JP6612032 B2 JP 6612032B2 JP 2015021852 A JP2015021852 A JP 2015021852A JP 2015021852 A JP2015021852 A JP 2015021852A JP 6612032 B2 JP6612032 B2 JP 6612032B2
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- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
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- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QUBMWJKTLKIJNN-UHFFFAOYSA-B tin(4+);tetraphosphate Chemical compound [Sn+4].[Sn+4].[Sn+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QUBMWJKTLKIJNN-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- HTPBWAPZAJWXKY-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;quinolin-8-olate Chemical compound [Zn+2].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 HTPBWAPZAJWXKY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の発光素子について図1を用いて説明する。
EL層は、少なくとも発光物質を有する発光層を有し、逆構造においては陰極側から電子注入層、電子輸送層、発光層、正孔輸送層、正孔注入層の順に形成される。各層は必ずしも単層である必要はなく、2以上の層から構成されてもよい。また、電子注入層及び電子輸送層の機能を1の層で実現してもよく、正孔輸送層及び正孔注入層の機能を1の層で実現することもできる。また、発光層以外の層のうち1又は複数の層が省略される場合もある。
タンデム型発光素子において、複数のEL層の間に中間層を形成する。逆構造のタンデム型発光素子においては、中間層を構成する層として、陰極側から、電荷発生層、電子リレー層、電子注入バッファー層が形成される。さらに、本発明の一態様に係る逆構造のタンデム型発光素子においては、電子注入バッファー層と電荷発生層との間に、電子注入バッファー層の材料に含まれる金属の拡散を抑制する層を有する。
本発明の一態様の発光素子について図1を用いて説明する。図1は、基板100に形成された陰極101上に第1のEL層102が形成され、第1のEL層102上に中間層103が形成され、中間層103上に第2のEL層104が形成され、第2のEL層104上に陽極105が形成された発光素子の構造図である。図1において、第1のEL層102は、電子注入層102a、電子輸送層102b、発光層102c、正孔輸送層102dを有し、中間層103は、電荷発生層103a、電子リレー層103b、アルカリ金属乃至アルカリ土類金属の拡散を抑制する層103c、電子注入バッファー層103dを有し、第2のEL層は、電子輸送層104a、発光層104b、正孔輸送層104c、正孔注入層104dを有している。
本実施の形態においては、実施の形態1に記載の発光素子を有する発光装置について説明する。
本実施の形態では、実施の形態1に記載の発光素子を適用して作製された発光装置を用いて完成させた様々な電子機器の一例について、図4を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態では、実施の形態1に記載の発光素子を適用して作製された発光装置を用いて完成させた照明装置の一例について、図6を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様である発光素子を用いて作製される発光装置について、図13を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様である発光素子を適用して作製された発光装置について図14を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様である発光素子を適用して作製された照明装置について図15を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態においては、本発明の一態様の発光装置と組み合わせることができるタッチセンサ、及びモジュールについて、図16乃至図19を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様である発光素子の構造について、図20を用いて説明する。
まず、ガラス基板を用意した。
発光素子2は、中間層以外は発光素子1と同様に形成した。中間層の形成は、まず、第1のEL層上に、PCPPnと酸化モリブデンとを、PCPPn:酸化モリブデン=1:0.5(重量比)となるように共蒸着して電荷発生層103aを形成した。次に、バソフェナントロリン(略称:Bphen)を5mmの膜厚で蒸着してアルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属の移動を抑制する層103cを形成した。次に、酸化リチウム(Li2O)を1.5nmの膜厚で蒸着して形成したあと、バソフェナントロリン(略称:Bphen)を10nm蒸着して、電子注入バッファー層103dを形成した。
比較発光素子1は、中間層以外は発光素子1と同様に形成した。中間層の形成は、まず、第1のEL層上に、PCPPnと酸化モリブデンとを、PCPPn:酸化モリブデン=1:0.5(重量比)となるように共蒸着して電荷発生層103aを形成した。次に、銅フタロシアニン(略称:CuPc)を2nmの膜厚で蒸着し、電子リレー層103cを形成した。次に、電子注入バッファー層として酸化リチウム(Li2O)を1.5nmの膜厚で蒸着して形成したあと、バソフェナントロリン(略称:Bphen)を10nm蒸着して、電子注入バッファー層103dを形成した。
以上により得られた発光素子1及び発光素子2を、窒素雰囲気のグローブボックス内において、発光素子が大気に曝されないように封止する作業(具体的に、素子の周囲へのシール材塗布、UV処理、及び80℃にて1時間の熱処理)を行った後、発光素子1及び発光素子2の動作特性について測定を行った。なお、測定は室温(25℃に保たれた雰囲気)で行った。
比較発光素子1を、窒素雰囲気のグローブボックス内において、発光素子が大気に曝されないように封止する作業(具体的に、素子の周囲へのシール材塗布、UV処理、及び80℃にて1時間の熱処理)を行った後、比較発光素子1の動作特性について測定を試みた。なお、測定は室温(25℃に保たれた雰囲気)で試みた。
まず、ガラス基板を用意した。
比較発光素子2は、中間層以外は発光素子3と同様に形成した。中間層は、PCPPnと酸化モリブデンとを、PCPPn:酸化モリブデン=1:0.5(重量比)となるように共蒸着して電荷発生層103aを10nmの膜厚となるよう形成した。次に、銅フタロシアニン(略称:CuPc)を2nmの膜厚で蒸着し、電子リレー層103bを形成した。次に、カルシウム(Ca)を1nmの膜厚で蒸着して形成し、そのあとバソフェナントロリン(略称:Bphen)を10nm蒸着して、電子注入バッファー層103dを形成した。
以上により得られた発光素子3及び比較発光素子2を、窒素雰囲気のグローブボックス内において、発光素子が大気に曝されないようにそれぞれ封止する作業(具体的に、素子の周囲へのシール材塗布、UV処理、及び80℃にて1時間の熱処理)を行った後、これらの発光素子の動作特性について測定を行った。なお、測定は室温(25℃に保たれた雰囲気)で行った。
まず、ガラス基板を用意した。
以上により得られた発光素子4を、窒素雰囲気のグローブボックス内において、発光素子が大気に曝されないように封止する作業(具体的に、素子の周囲へのシール材塗布、UV処理、及び80℃にて1時間の熱処理)を行った後、発光素子4の動作特性について測定を行った。なお、測定は室温(25℃に保たれた雰囲気)で行った。
101 陰極
102 第1のEL層
102a 電子注入層
102b 電子輸送層
102c 発光層
102d 正孔輸送層
103 中間層
103a 電荷発生層
103b 電子リレー層
103c 層
103d 電子注入バッファー層
104 第2のEL層
104a 電子輸送層
104b 発光層
104c 正孔輸送層
104d 正孔注入層
105 陽極
200 基板
201 陰極
202(1) 第1のEL層
202(2) 第2のEL層
202(n−1) 第(n−1)のEL層
202(n) 第(n)のEL層
204 陽極
205(1) 第1の中間層
205(2) 第2の中間層
205(n−2) 第(n−2)の中間層
205(n−1) 第(n−1)の中間層
501 素子基板
502 画素部
503 駆動回路部(ソース線駆動回路)
504a、504b 駆動回路部(ゲート線駆動回路)
505 シール材
506 封止基板
507 配線
508 FPC(フレキシブルプリントサーキット)
509 nチャネル型FET
510 pチャネル型FET
511 スイッチングFET
512 電流制御用FET
513 陰極
514 絶縁物
515 第1のEL層
516 中間層
517 第2のEL層
518 陽極
519 発光素子
520 空間
2001 第1の基板
2002 発光部
2005a 第1の封止材
2005b 第2の封止材
2005c 第1の封止材
2005d 第2の封止材
2006 第2の基板
2011 第2の空間
2013 第1の空間
3100 発光装置
3101 基板
3103a 下部電極
3103b 下部電極
3103c 下部電極
3105a 透明導電層
3105b 透明導電層
3107a 隔壁
3107b 隔壁
3107c 隔壁
3107d 隔壁
3110 第1のEL層
3112 電荷発生層
3113 電子リレー層
3114 層
3116 電子注入バッファー層
3118 第2のEL層
3119 上部電極
3120a 発光素子
3120b 発光素子
3120c 発光素子
4000 照明装置
4001 照明装置
4003 基板
4005 基板
4007 逆構造のタンデム型発光素子
4009 電極
4011 電極
4013 下部電極
4014 EL層
4015 上部電極
4017 補助配線
4019 封止基板
4021 シール材
4023 乾燥剤
4025 基板
4027 拡散板
4100 照明装置
4101 照明装置
4103 封止基板
4105 平坦化膜
4107 逆構造のタンデム型発光素子
4109 電極
4111 電極
4113 下部電極
4114 EL層
4115 上部電極
4117 補助配線
4121 シール材
4125 基板
4127 拡散板
4129 バリア膜
4131 絶縁層
4500 タッチセンサ
4510 導電層
4510a 導電層
4510b 導電層
4510c 導電層
4520 導電層
4540 容量
4710 導電層
4810 絶縁層
4820 絶縁層
4910 基板
4920 基板
5000 モジュール
5001 上部カバー
5002 下部カバー
5003 FPC
5004 タッチパネル
5005 FPC
5006 表示パネル
5007 バックライトユニット
5008 光源
5009 フレーム
5010 プリント基板
5011 バッテリー
6001 基板
6002 発光素子
6003 第1の電極
6004 EL層
6005 第2の電極
6006 バッファー層
6007 第3の電極
6008 コンタクト部
6100 光散乱層
6101 光散乱体
6102 空気層
6103 高屈折率層
6104 素子層
7100 テレビジョン装置
7101 筐体
7103 表示部
7105 スタンド
7107 表示部
7109 操作キー
7110 リモコン操作機
7201 本体
7202 筐体
7203 表示部
7204 キーボード
7205 外部接続ポート
7206 ポインティングデバイス
7301 筐体
7302 筐体
7303 連結部
7304 表示部
7305 表示部
7306 スピーカ部
7307 記録媒体挿入部
7308 LEDランプ
7309 操作キー
7310 接続端子
7311 センサ
7312 マイクロフォン
7400 携帯電話機
7401 筐体
7402 表示部
7403 操作ボタン
7404 外部接続ポート
7405 スピーカ
7406 マイク
8001 照明装置
8002 照明装置
8003 照明装置
8004 照明装置
9033 留め具
9034 表示モード切り替えスイッチ
9035 電源スイッチ
9036 省電力モード切り替えスイッチ
9038 操作スイッチ
9630 筐体
9631 表示部
9631a 表示部
9631b 表示部
9632a タッチパネルの領域
9632b タッチパネルの領域
9633 太陽電池
9634 充放電制御回路
9635 バッテリー
9636 DCDCコンバータ
9637 操作キー
9638 コンバータ
9639 ボタン
Claims (10)
- 陰極と、
前記陰極上の第1のEL層と、前記第1のEL層上の第2のEL層と、
前記第2のEL層上の陽極と、
中間層と、を有し、
前記中間層は、前記第1のEL層と、前記第2のEL層との間に設けられ、
前記中間層は、第1の層と、前記第1の層上の第2の層と、前記第2の層上の第3の層と、前記第3の層上の第4の層と、を有し、
前記第1の層は、正孔輸送性材料と、電子受容体と、を有し、
前記第2の層は、第1の電子輸送性材料を有し、
前記第3の層は、第2の電子輸送性材料を有し、
前記第4の層は、アルカリ金属、アルカリ金属化合物、アルカリ土類金属、アルカリ土類金属化合物のいずれかを有し、
前記第1の電子輸送性材料と前記第2の電子輸送性材料とは、異なる材料である発光素子。 - 陰極と、
前記陰極上の複数のEL層と、
前記複数のEL層上の陽極と、
複数の中間層と、を有し、
前記複数の中間層のそれぞれは、前記複数のEL層の間にそれぞれ設けられ、
前記複数の中間層は、それぞれ、第1の層と、前記第1の層上の第2の層と、前記第2の層上の第3の層と、前記第3の層上の第4の層と、を有し、
前記第1の層は、正孔輸送性材料と、電子受容体と、を有し、
前記第2の層は、第1の電子輸送性材料を有し、
前記第3の層は、第2の電子輸送性材料を有し、
前記第4の層は、アルカリ金属、アルカリ金属化合物、アルカリ土類金属、アルカリ土類金属化合物のいずれかを有し、
前記第1の電子輸送性材料と前記第2の電子輸送性材料とは、異なる材料である発光素子。 - 請求項1または請求項2において、
前記第4の層は、リチウム、リチウムを含む化合物、カルシウム、カルシウムを含む化合物のいずれかを含む発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか一において、
前記陰極は、電界効果トランジスタと電気的に接続されている発光素子。 - 請求項4において、
前記電界効果トランジスタは、n型電界効果トランジスタである発光素子。 - 請求項4または請求項5において、
前記電界効果トランジスタは、半導体層に酸化物半導体を有する発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一に記載の発光素子を有する照明装置。
- 請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一に記載の発光素子と、カラーフィルターとを有する電子機器。
- 請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一に記載の発光素子と、タッチパネルとを有する電子機器。
- 陰極上に、第1のEL層を形成し、
前記第1のEL層上に、正孔輸送性材料と、電子受容体と、を有する第1の層を形成し、
前記第1の層上に、第1の電子輸送性材料を有する第2の層を形成し、
前記第2の層上に、第2の電子輸送性材料を有する第3の層を形成し、
前記第3の層上に、アルカリ金属、アルカリ金属化合物、アルカリ土類金属、アルカリ土類金属化合物のいずれかを有する第4の層を形成し、
前記第4の層上に第2のEL層を形成し、
前記第4の層は、蒸着法により形成される発光素子の作製方法。
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