JP6486268B2 - 抗egfr抗体及びその使用 - Google Patents
抗egfr抗体及びその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6486268B2 JP6486268B2 JP2015518639A JP2015518639A JP6486268B2 JP 6486268 B2 JP6486268 B2 JP 6486268B2 JP 2015518639 A JP2015518639 A JP 2015518639A JP 2015518639 A JP2015518639 A JP 2015518639A JP 6486268 B2 JP6486268 B2 JP 6486268B2
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Description
本発明を記述する前に、記述された特定の方法及び実験条件は変化することがあるため、本発明はこのような方法及び条件に限定されないことを理解しなければならない。また、本発明の範囲は、添付の特許請求の範囲によってのみ限定されるため、本明細書に用いる専門用語は、特定の実施態様を記述するためだけにあり、限定を意図しないことを理解しなければならない。
本明細書に用いる「EGFR」及び「EGFRフラグメント」という表現は、非ヒト種由来である(例えば、「マウスEGFR」、「マウスEGFRフラグメント」、「サルEGFR」、「サルEGFRフラグメント」など)と指定されない限り、ヒトEGFRタンパク質又はフラグメントを指す。ヒトEGFRの細胞外ドメインは、例えば、配列番号385のアミノ酸25〜645で示される、アミノ酸配列を有する。
本発明は、高親和性で単量体又は二量体EGFR分子に結合する抗EGFR抗体及びその抗原結合性フラグメントを含む。例えば、本発明は、例えば、本明細書の実施例3に指定されるようなアッセイ形式を使用して、表面プラズモン共鳴によって測定した場合に約20pM未満のKDで二量体EGFRに結合する抗体及び抗体の抗原結合性フラグメントを含む。ある実施態様において、本発明の抗体又は抗原結合性フラグメントは、例えば、本明細書の実施例3に指定されるようなアッセイ形式を使用して、表面プラズモン共鳴によって測定した場合に約15pM未満、約10pM未満、約8pM未満、約6pM未満、約4pM未満、約2pM未満、又は約1pM未満のKDで二量体EGFRに結合する。本発明はまた、例えば、本明細書の実施例3に指定されるようなアッセイ形式を使用して、表面プラズモン共鳴によって測定した場合に約200分を超えるt 1/2で二量体EGFRに結合する抗EGFR抗体及びその抗原結合性フラグメントを含む。ある実施態様において、本発明の抗体又は抗原結合性フラグメントは、例えば、本明細書の実施例3に指定されるようなアッセイ形式を使用して、表面プラズモン共鳴によって測定した場合に、約210分を超える、約220分を超える、約250分を超える、約260分を超える、約280分を超える、約300分を超える、約320分を超える、約340分を超える、約360分を超える、約380分を超える、約400分を超える、約450分を超える、約500分を超える、約550分を超える、約600分を超える、約650分を超える、約800分を超える、約1000分を超える、又はそれ以上のt 1/2で二量体EGFRに結合する。
本発明は、ヒトEGFRの細胞外ドメイン内(例えば、細胞外ドメインI、II、III、及び/又はIV内)に見られる1つ又はそれ以上のアミノ酸と相互作用する抗EGFR抗体を含む。抗体が結合するエピトープは、EGFRの細胞外ドメイン内にある3又はそれ以上(例えば、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20又はそれ以上)のアミノ酸の単一の隣接配列からなってもよい。あるいは、エピトープは、EGFRの細胞外ドメイン内にある複数の非隣接アミノ酸(又は、アミノ酸配列)からなってもよい。
完全ヒトモノクローナル抗体を含むモノクローナル抗体を生成する方法は、当技術分野で公知である。本発明の文脈では、任意のこのような公知の方法を用いて、ヒトEGFRへ特異的に結合するヒト抗体を作ることができる。
本発明の抗EGFR抗体及び抗体フラグメントは、記述された抗体のものとは異なるが、ヒトEGFRに結合する能力を保持する、アミノ酸配列を有するタンパク質を包含する。このような変異抗体及び抗体フラグメントは、親配列と比較したときにアミノ酸の1つ又はそれ以上の付加、欠失又は置換を含むが、記述された抗体のもの本質的に同等の生物活性を示す。同様に、本発明の抗EGFR抗体をコードするDNA配列は、開示された配列と比較したときにヌクレオチドの1つ又はそれ以上の付加、欠失又は置換を含むが、本発明の抗EGFR抗体又は抗体フラグメントと本質的に生物学的に同等である抗EGFR抗体又は抗体フラグメントをコードする配列を包含する。このような変異アミノ酸及びDNA配列の例は、上で議論されている。
本発明の特定の実施態様によれば、抗EGFR抗体は、ヒトEGFRに結合するが、他の種からのEGFRには結合しない。また、本発明は、ヒトEGFRに結合し、かつ1つ又はそれ以上の非ヒト種からのEGFRに結合する抗EGFR抗体を含む。例えば、本発明の抗EGFR抗体は、ヒトEGFRに結合してもよく、かつ、場合によっては、マウス、ラット、モルモット、ハムスター、スナネズミ、ブタ、ネコ、イヌ、ウサギ、ヤギ、ヒツジ、ウシ、ウマ、ラクダ、カニクイザル、マーモセット、アカゲザル又はチンパンジーのEGFRの1つ又はそれ以上に結合してもよいし、又は結合しなくてもよい。
本発明は、サイトトキシン、化学療法薬、免疫抑制薬又は放射性同位体のような治療部分に結合した抗EGFRモノクローナル抗体(「免疫複合体」)を包含する。細胞傷害性薬剤には、細胞に有害なあらゆる薬剤が含まれる。免疫複合体を形成するのに適した細胞傷害性薬剤及び化学療法剤の例は、当技術分野で公知である(例えば、WO05/103081を参照のこと)。
本発明の抗体は、単一特異性、二重特異性、又は多重特異性であってもよい。多重特異性抗体は、1つの標的ポリペプチドの異なるエピトープについて特異的であってもよいし、又は1つを超える標的ポリペプチドについて特異的な抗原結合性ドメインを含んでもよい。例えば、Tutt et al., 1991, J. Immunol. 147:60-69; Kufer et al., 2004, Trends Biotechnol. 22:238-244を参照のこと。本発明の抗EGFR抗体は、別の機能性分子、例えば、別のペプチド又はタンパク質に結合するか、又はそれと共に共発現することができる。例えば、抗体又はそのフラグメントは、1つ又はそれ以上の他の分子単位、例えば別の抗体又は抗体フラグメントに機能的に結合して(例えば、化学的カップリング、遺伝的融合、非共有結合的会合又はその他によって)、第2の結合特異性を有する二重特異性又は多重特異性抗体を産生することができる。例えば、本発明は、免疫グロブリンの1つのアームが、ヒトEGFR又はそのフラグメントについて特異的であり、かつこの免疫グロブリンの他のアームが第2の治療標的について特異的であるか、又は治療部分に結合している二重特異性抗体を含む。
本発明は、本発明の抗EGFR抗体又はその抗原結合性フラグメントを含む薬学的組成物を提供する。本発明の薬学的組成物は、適した担体、賦形剤及び改善された伝達、送達、耐性などをもたらす他の薬剤を用いて処方する。多くの適当な製剤は、すべての薬剤師に知られている処方集:Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, PAに見出すことができる。これらの製剤としては、例えば、散剤、ペースト剤、軟膏剤、ゼリー、ロウ、油、脂質、ベシクルを含む脂質(カチオン性又はアニオン性)(例えばLIPOFECTINTM、Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA)、DNAコンジュゲート(DNA conjugate)、無水吸収ペースト剤、水中油型及び油中水型乳剤、エマルジョンカーボワックス(emulsions carbowax)(さまざまな分子量のポリエチレングリコール)、半固体ゲル及びカーボワックスを含む半固体混合物が挙げられる。また、Powell et al. “Compendium of excipients for parenteral formulations” PDA (1998) J Pharm Sci Technol 52:238-311を参照のこと。
Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, IN)、NOVOPENTM I、II及びIII(Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, デンマーク)、NOVOPEN JUNIORTM(Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, デンマーク)、BDTMペン(Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ)、OPTIPENTM、OPTIPEN PROTM、OPTIPEN STARLETTM、及びOPTICLIKTM(sanofi-aventis, Frankfurt, ドイツ)が挙げられるが、それらに限定されるわけではない。本発明の薬学的組成物の皮下送達における用途を有する使い捨てのペン型送達デバイスの例としては、ほんの少し例を挙げれば、SOLOSTARTMペン(sanofi-aventis)、FLEXPENTM(Novo Nordisk)、及びKWIKPENTM(Eli Lilly)、SURECLICKTM自己注射器(Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA)、PENLETTM(Haselmeier, Stuttgart, ドイツ)、EPIPEN(Dey, L.P.)、及びHUMIRATMペン(Abbott Labs, Abbott Park IL)、が挙げられるが、それらに限定されるわけではない。
Eng. 14:201を参照のこと)。別の実施態様では、ポリマー物質を用いることができる;Medical Applications of Controlled Release, Langer and Wise (eds.), 1974, CRC Pres., Boca Raton, Florida参照。さらに別の実施態様では、放出制御システムを組成物の標的の近くに配置することができるため、全身用量の一部分しか必要としない(例えば、Goodson, 1984, in Medical Applications of Controlled Release, supra, vol. 2, pp. 115-138を参照のこと)。他の放出制御システムは、Langer, 1990, Science 249:1527-1533による総説に議論されている。
本発明の抗体は、とりわけ、EGFR発現又は活性に関連するか若しくはそれによって媒介されるか、又はEGFRとEGFRリガンド(例えば、EGF又はTGF−α)との相互作用を遮断することによって、又はそうでなければEGFR活性及び/又はシグナル伝達を阻害することによって、及び/又は受容体インターナリゼーションを促進することによって、及び/又は細胞表面受容体数を減少させることによって治療できる、あらゆる疾患又は障害の治療、予防及び/又は回復に有用である。例えば、本発明の抗体及び抗原結合性フラグメントは、高レベルのEGFRを発現する腫瘍の治療に有用である。本発明の抗体及び抗原結合性フラグメントは、例えば、脳及び髄膜、中咽頭、肺及び気管支樹、消化管、男性及び女性生殖器系、筋肉、骨、皮膚及び付属器、結合組織、脾臓、免疫系、造血細胞及び骨髄、肝臓及び尿路、並びに眼のような特殊な感覚器官に生じる原発性及び/又は転移性腫瘍の治療に用いてもよい。特定の実施態様では、本発明の抗体及び抗原結合性フラグメントを、以下のがん:腎細胞がん、膵がん、乳がん、頭頸部がん、前立腺がん、悪性神経膠腫、骨肉腫、結腸直腸がん、胃がん(例えば、MET増幅による胃がん)、悪性中皮腫、多発性骨髄腫、卵巣がん、小細胞肺がん、非小細胞肺がん(例えば、EGFR依存性非小細胞肺がん)、滑膜肉腫、甲状腺がん又は黒色腫の1つ又はそれ以上の治療に用いる。
本発明は、本発明の抗EGFR抗体を少なくとも1つのさらなる治療活性成分と併用して投与することを含む治療投与レジメンを含む。このようなさらなる治療活性成分の非限定的な例としては、他のEGFRアンタゴニスト(例えば、第2の抗EGFR抗体[例えば、セツキシマブ又はパニツムマブ]又はEGFRの小分子阻害剤[例えば、ゲフィチニブ又はエルロチニブ])、Her2/ErbB2、ErbB3又はErbB4などの別のEGFRファミリーメンバーのアンタゴニスト(例えば、抗ErbB2抗体、抗ErbB3抗体若しくは抗ErbB4抗体、又はErbB2、ErbB3若しくはErbB4活性の小分子阻害剤)、EGFRvIIIのアンタゴニスト(例えば、EGFRvIIIに特異的に結合する抗体)、cMETアンタゴニスト(例えば、抗cMET抗体)、IGF1Rアンタゴニスト(例えば、抗IGF1R抗体)、B−raf阻害剤(例えば、ベムラフェニブ、ソラフェニブ、GDC−0879、PLX−4720)、PDGFR−α阻害剤(例えば、抗PDGFR−α抗体)、PDGFR−β阻害剤(例えば、抗PDGFR−β抗体)、VEGFアンタゴニスト(例えば、VEGF−Trap、例えば、US7,087,411を参照のこと(本明細書においては「VEGF阻害性の融合タンパク質」とも称する)、抗VEGF抗体(例えば、ベバシズマブ)、VEGF受容体の小分子キナーゼ阻害剤(例えば、スニチニブ、ソラフェニブ又はパゾパニブ))、DLL4アンタゴニスト(例えば、US2009/0142354に開示される抗DLL4抗体、例えばREGN421)、Ang2アンタゴニスト(例えば、US2011/0027286に開示される抗Ang2抗体、例えばH1H685P)などが挙げられる。本発明の抗EGFR抗体と併用して有益に投与してもよい他の薬剤としては、小分子サイトカイン阻害剤、及びサイトカイン、例えばIL−1、IL−2、IL−3、IL−4、IL−5、IL−6、IL−8、IL−9、IL−11、IL−12、IL−13、IL−17、IL−18又はそれらのそれぞれの受容体に結合する抗体を含む、サイトカイン阻害剤が挙げられる。
また、本発明の抗EGFR抗体を、例えば、診断目的で、試料中のEGFR又はEGFR発現細胞の検出及び/又は測定に用いてもよい。例えば、抗EGFR抗体又はそのフラグメントを用いてEGFRの異常発現(例えば、過剰発現、過小発現、発現の欠如、など)を特徴とする状態又は疾患を診断してもよい。EGFRの例示的な診断アッセイは、例えば、患者から得た試料を、抗EGFR抗体が検出可能な標識又はレポーター分子で標識化された本発明の抗EGFR抗体と接触させることを含んでもよい。別法として、非標識抗EGFR抗体を、それ自体で検出可能に標識された二次抗体と併用して診断用途に用いることができる。検出可能な標識又はレポーター分子は、放射性同位体、例えば3H、14C、32P、35S若しくは125I;蛍光若しくは化学発光部分、例えばフルオレセインイソチオシアネート若しくはローダミン;又は、酵素、例えばアルカリホスファターゼ、ベータ−ガラクトシダーゼ、ホースラディッシュペルオキシダーゼ若しくはルシフェラーゼであることができる。試料中のEGFRを検出又は測定するのに用いることができる具体的で例示的なアッセイとしては、酵素結合免疫吸着検査法(ELISA)、放射免疫測定法(RIA)及び蛍光活性化セルソーター(FACS)が挙げられる。
EGFR発現細胞系を、免疫応答を刺激するアジュバントと共に、ヒト免疫グロブリン重鎖及びカッパ軽鎖可変領域をコードするDNAを含むVELOCIMMUNE(登録商標)マウスに直接投与した。抗体免疫応答を、EGFR特異的免疫測定法によってモニターした。所望の免疫応答が達成されたら、脾細胞を集め、マウス骨髄腫細胞を融合させてその生存能力を維持し、ハイブリドーマ細胞系を形成した。ハイブリドーマ細胞系をスクリーニングし、選択してEGFR特異的抗体を産生する細胞系を同定した。この技術を用いて、いくつかの抗EGFRキメラ抗体(すなわち、ヒト可変ドメイン及びマウス定常を備えた抗体)を得た。このように生成した例示的な抗体を、以下のように表わした:H1M085N、H1M086N、H1M089N、H1M102N、H1M103N、及びH1M116N。
表1に、選択された抗EGFR抗体の重鎖及び軽鎖可変領域アミノ酸配列対並びにそれらの対応する抗体識別子を記載する。
以下の実験には、比較のために、さまざまな対照構築物(抗EGFR抗体)が含まれた。対照構築物は、以下のように表わす:対照I:US7,060,808に記載された「mAb225」の重鎖及び軽鎖可変配列を有するキメラ抗EGFR抗体;並びに対照II:パニツムマブ又はVectibix(登録商標)としても公知の、ABX−EGFと呼ばれる市販の完全ヒトモノクローナル抗EGFR抗体。
選択した精製抗ヒトEGFRモノクローナル抗体への抗原結合についての平衡解離定数(KD値)を、37℃でリアルタイム表面プラズモン共鳴バイオセンサー(BiacoreT100)アッセイを使用して測定した。Biacoreセンサー表面をモノクローナルマウス抗ヒトFc抗体(GE Biosciences)で誘導体化し、ヒトIgG1 Fcフォーマット(抗体接頭辞H1H)で表される、抗EGFRモノクローナル抗体を捕捉した。種々の濃度のヒト単量体(EGFR.mmh;配列番号386)及び二量体(EGFR.mFc;配列番号387)タンパク質を、50μl/分の流量で抗EGFRモノクローナル抗体捕捉表面上に注射した。抗体−抗原結合を4〜5分間モニターし、一方、捕捉モノクローナル抗体表面からの抗原の解離を10分間モニターした。動的結合(Ka)及び解離(Kd)速度定数は、Scrubber 2.0曲線適合ソフトウェアを用いて、データを処理して1:1結合モデルに適合させることによって決定した。結合解離平衡定数(KD)及び解離半減期(t 1/2)は、以下のように動的速度定数から算出した:KD(M)=kd/ka;及びt 1/2(分)=(ln2/(60*kd)。異なる抗EGFRモノクローナル抗体についての動的結合パラメータを表2に示す。
抗EGFR抗体を、インビトロでのA431類表皮癌細胞の増殖を阻害するそれらの能力について試験した。A431細胞はEGFR遺伝子の増幅を有し、増殖についてEGFRシグナル伝達への強い依存性を示す。A431細胞を96ウェルプレート中において1ウェル当たり5.0x103細胞の密度で播種し、0.5%BSA及び1%ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン/グルタミンを含有するDMEM培地中でインキュベートした。EGFR特異的mAbを、60nMで開始して1:3連続希釈で細胞へ添加した。7日後、Alamar Blue(Invitrogen)で染色し、Flexstation III分光光度計で蛍光を測定することによって、生存細胞を定量化した。吸光度値を、12点希釈シリーズにわたって4パラメータロジスティック方程式を使用してプロットした(GraphPad Prism)。結果を表3に要約する。
抗体依存性細胞媒介性細胞傷害(ADCC)は、ナチュラルキラー細胞上のFc受容体が活性化され、標的細胞に対して細胞溶解酵素の放出を誘導する場合に生じる細胞プロセスである。インビトロでADCCを誘導する抗EGFR抗体の能力を、EGFRを内因的に過剰発現するA431標的細胞に対して、エフェクターとして末梢血単核球(PBMC)、又は主な「キラー」細胞を使用して評価した。
抗EGFR抗体H1H141Pを、免疫不全マウスにおけるヒト腫瘍異種移植片の増殖を阻害するその能力について試験した。簡潔には、2x10^6 FaDu頭頸部扁平上皮癌細胞を、C.B.−17 SCIDマウスの側腹部へ皮下移植した。腫瘍がおよそ200mm3の平均サイズに達した後、マウスを処置のためにグループに無作為化し(1群当たりN=6マウス)、ヒトFc対照タンパク質(12.5mg/kg;配列番号388)又はH1H141P(10mg/kg)のいずれかを週2回皮下注射した。マウスを15日間処置した。
Claims (8)
- ヒト上皮増殖因子受容体(hEGFR)に特異的に結合する、単離された抗体又はその抗原結合性フラグメントであって、ここで、抗体又は抗原結合性フラグメントが、(a)配列番号130に示されるアミノ酸配列を有する重鎖可変領域(HCVR)の相補性決定領域(CDR);及び(b)配列番号138に示されるアミノ酸配列を有する軽鎖可変領域(LCVR)のCDRを含む、単離された抗体又はその抗原結合性フラグメント。
- 抗体又は抗原結合性フラグメントが、配列番号132−134−136−140−142−144に示される、HCDR1−HCDR2−HCDR3−LCDR1−LCDR2−LCDR3ドメインを含む、請求項1に記載の単離された抗体又は抗原結合性フラグメント。
- ヒト上皮増殖因子受容体(hEGFR)に特異的に結合する、単離された抗体又はその抗原結合性フラグメントであって、ここで、抗体又は抗原結合性フラグメントが、(a)配列番号130に示されるアミノ酸配列を有する重鎖可変領域(HCVR);及び(b)配列番号138に示されるアミノ酸配列を有する軽鎖可変領域(LCVR)を含む、単離された抗体又はその抗原結合性フラグメント。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の抗体又は抗原結合性フラグメント、及び薬学的に許容される担体又は希釈剤を含む、薬学的組成物。
- 腫瘍増殖を阻害するための、請求項4に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 腫瘍が、腎腫瘍、膵腫瘍、頭頸部腫瘍、乳房腫瘍、前立腺腫瘍、結腸腫瘍、胃腫瘍、及び卵巣腫瘍、肺腫瘍、及び皮膚腫瘍からなる群より選択される、請求項5に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 第2治療剤と組み合わせて対象における腫瘍増殖を阻害又は軽減するための請求項4に
記載の薬学的組成物であって、ここで、第2治療剤が、HER2、ErbB3、ErbB4、cMet、IGF1R、Ang2、PDGFR−α又はPDGFR−βに特異的に結合する抗体又はその抗原結合性フラグメントである、薬学的組成物。 - 第2治療剤と組み合わせて対象における腫瘍増殖を阻害又は軽減するための請求項4に記載の薬学的組成物であって、ここで、第2治療剤がVEGFアンタゴニストである、薬学的組成物。
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