CN108680746A - 一种控制肺癌细胞活力的分子靶标及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种与肺癌活力相关的分子靶标MMP11,在基因或者蛋白层面对MMP11进行干扰可以抑制肺癌细胞的生长。具体为:通过CRISP/cas9系统敲除肺癌细胞中的基质金属蛋白酶MMP11基因,或外源施加基质金属蛋白酶MMP11抗体的方法干扰MMP11蛋白活力,都可有效抑制肺癌细胞的生长能力。因此,本发明为发展针对肺癌细胞新的靶向治疗药物,提供了可靠的实验依据。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药领域,具体是关于控制肺癌细胞活力的靶标分子MMP11,对其进行干预可以抑制癌细胞的生长。
背景技术
肺癌是当前世界上最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。在我国,肺癌导致的死亡率在所有癌症中居于首位。肺癌的三大传统治疗手段是手术、放疗和化疗。外科手术和放疗都是局部治疗方式,对发生晚期转移的患者效果差。化疗是目前对晚期转移患者的一种主要治疗方式。但化疗药物无法特异杀伤肿瘤细胞,且多次化疗后会产生耐药性。随着“精准医疗”这一新兴概念在近年的兴起,越来越多分子靶向药物在肺癌中得到应用,肺癌治疗进入了一个全新的时代。
肺癌靶向治疗是指在肺癌分子生物学研究的基础上,将与肺癌发生、发展、预后等密切相关的生物靶标分子作为靶点,利用导向特异靶分子的生物学制剂或药物干预肿瘤细胞及其生长微环境,从而达到消除或抑制肿瘤发生发展的治疗方法。当前以肺癌细胞特异分子为作用靶标的治疗药物包括细胞生长因子受体抑制剂、血管生成抑制剂及信号传导抑制剂等药物。表面因子受体EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂吉非替尼( Gefitinib) 为首个被批准用于临床治疗的药物,并获得很好的疗效。其后,多种不同生物学功能治疗靶点,如调控血管生成或者肿瘤细胞生长信号传导的分子靶标,包括VEGF、ALK、MET、KRAS、ROS1、HER2等靶点相继发现,使靶向药物选择多样化并可对多个途径进行治疗。临床结果分子靶向治疗具有独特优势,但随着靶向药物耐药等不良现象的出现,使得肺癌的治愈仍然面临极大地挑战,需要发展新型靶向治疗药物。
发明内容 本发明的目的是提供一种控制肺癌细胞活力的分子靶标及其应用,对其干扰可以抑制肺癌细胞生长,为发展肺癌靶向药物提供新的实验基础。
为了达到上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案为:
一种控制肺癌细胞活力的分子靶标,所述分子靶标为基质金属蛋白酶MMP11。
一种针对离体培养的或者荷瘤裸鼠体内移植的肺癌细胞的基因靶向抑制方法,通过CRISP/Cas9手段敲除肺癌细胞中基质金属蛋白酶MMP11,可抑制肺癌细胞的离体增殖和迁移以及在荷瘤裸鼠体内的生长。
一种针对离体培养或者荷瘤裸鼠体内移植的的肺癌细胞的蛋白靶向抑制方法,通过对离体培养的细胞培养基中或者荷瘤裸鼠的静脉中施加基质金属蛋白酶MMP11抗体,可抑制肺癌细胞的生长。
一种针对离体培养或者荷瘤裸鼠体内移植的的肺癌细胞的蛋白靶向抑制方法,在体外培养基中所施加的基质金属蛋白酶MMP11抗体终浓度为1μg/ml;在荷瘤裸鼠体内施加的基质金属蛋白酶MMP11抗体终浓度为1μg/g体重。
大数据分析表明其在肺癌病人中表达增加,而且MMP11的表达增加会缩短肺癌病人的总生存期与无进展生存期,同时在肺癌病人血清中含量也增加。
基因干扰MMP11可以抑制离体培养或者荷瘤裸鼠体内移植的肺癌细胞活力,其特征在于:通过CRISP/Cas9手段敲除肺癌细胞中基质金属蛋白酶MMP11,可抑制肺癌细胞的离体增殖和迁移以及在荷瘤裸鼠体内的生长。
CRISPR 系统( Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short PalindromicRepeats)是从细菌和古细菌中发现的一种获得性免疫机制。它能借助guide RNA引导Cas9蛋白在特定的序列上形成DNA双链断裂,再由细胞内源DNA修复导致一种插入或者缺失效应引起靶基因移码突变而达成基因敲除的效果。
借助CRISPR 系统(lentiCRISPRv2慢病毒包装系统),设计guide RNA靶向MMP11基因,成功构建了MMP11敲除A549细胞株。进而通过体外细胞培养,对培养不同的时间的细胞进行计数,发现MMP11敲除细胞株的增殖能力显著降低。
上述实验是在体外环境下进行检测,但真实的体内环境可能与体外环境下有着很大的不同。因此,需要验证了在体内环境中,MMP11基因敲除是否对肺腺癌细胞有影响作用。将MMP11敲除的肺癌细胞株移植裸鼠皮下,模拟体内环境形成肿瘤克隆,对肺癌细胞在体内成瘤能力进行评估。结果发现:MMP11敲除细胞株在体内形成的肿块体积显著下降,表明其增殖能力被抑制。
干扰MMP11蛋白活力可以抑制离体培养或者荷瘤裸鼠体内移植的的肺癌细胞的抑制方法,通过对离体培养的细胞培养基中或者荷瘤裸鼠的静脉中施加基质金属蛋白酶MMP11抗体,可抑制肺癌细胞的生长。
根据抗体抗原拮抗的特性,分别添加不同浓度的MMP11抗体(浓度梯度1ug/ml、5ug/ml、10ug/ml)于细胞培养基中,并和正常细胞株比较。结果表明:外源施加MMP11抗体可以明显抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖,并且抑制效果与施加的MMP11抗体浓度呈现依赖关系,即抗体浓度越高,对肺癌细胞增殖的抑制效果越明显,并且在浓度低至1 μg/ml仍然具有明显的抑制效果。
同理,实验验证了在体内环境中,施加MMP11抗体是否能够抑制肺癌细胞的生长。通过在裸鼠皮下荷瘤,等肿瘤克隆形成2周后,通过为尾静脉注射MMP11抗体(剂量:1μg/g体重)间隔4天注射1次,共4次。30天后,取出肿块测量大小,结果表明:抗体注射显著抑制肺癌细胞在裸鼠体内的生长。
上述技术方案显示施加抗MMP11的抗体可以抑制肺癌细胞的活力,在体外培养基中所施加的基质金属蛋白酶MMP11抗体终浓度为1μg/ml;在荷瘤裸鼠体内施加的基质金属蛋白酶MMP11抗体终浓度为1μg/g体重。这些定量数据可为靶向肺癌的抗体治疗奠定实验与理论基础。
本发明中,提供了一种与肺癌活力相关的分子靶标MMP11,在基因或者蛋白层面对MMP11进行干扰可以抑制肺癌细胞的生长。具体为:通过CRISP/cas9 系统敲除肺癌细胞中的基质金属蛋白酶MMP11基因,或外源施加基质金属蛋白酶MMP11抗体的方法干扰MMP11蛋白活力,都可有效抑制肺癌细胞的生长能力。因此,本发明为发展针对肺癌细胞新的靶向治疗药物,提供了可靠的实验依据。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1提供的实验结果图。图1A和1B分别显示了MMP11在GEO数据库中代表肺腺癌数据集(GSE10072, GSE43458)和代表肺鳞癌的数据集(GSE2088, GSE31446)中的表达情况。
图2是本发明实施例2提供的实验结果图。图2A和2B显示了MMP11表达对应的肺癌病人的总生存期和无进展生存期。
图3是本发明实施例3实验结果图。分别比较了MMP11在正常人群与肺鳞癌患者血清中以及肺腺癌患者血清中的蛋白含量。
图4是本发明实施例4实验结果图。图4A利用蛋白印迹实验验证了MMP11基因的敲除效率;图4B验证MMP11基因敲除对肺癌细胞A549增殖能力的影响;图4C验证了MMP11基因敲除对肺癌细胞A549迁移能力的影响。(M-KO-1,MMP11敲除组1;M-KO-2,MMP11敲除组2)(*,P值<0.05; **,P值<0.01; ***,P值<0.001)
图5是本发明实施例5实验结果图。图5A验证抗MMP11抗体处理对肺癌细胞A549增殖能力的影响;图5B验证了抗MMP11抗体处理对肺癌细胞A549迁移能力的影响。(*,P值<0.05;**,P值<0.01; ***,P值<0.001)
图6是本发明实施例6实验结果图。图6A验证了MMP-11基因敲除对肺癌细胞A549在裸鼠体内成瘤能力的影响;图6B验证了抗MMP-11抗体干预对肺癌细胞A549在裸鼠体内成瘤能力的影响。(*,P值<0.05; **,P值<0.01; ***,P值<0.001)。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
具体的技术方案如下:
(1)实施例1. MMP11在肺癌样本中特异性高表达。
实验方法:根据公开的临床数据库GEO(Gene Expression Omnibus),研究者调取了包含大量肺癌(包括肺腺癌和肺鳞癌)样本基因表达数据,利用limma程序分析肺癌样本中基因表达情况。
实验结果:在肺腺癌数据集(GSE10072, GSE43458)(如图1A所示)和肺鳞癌数据集(GSE2088, GSE31446)(如图1B所示)中MMP11分子在肿瘤组织相较于癌旁正常组织都显著高表达。差异具有统计学意义(P值 < 0.0001)。
(2)实施例2. MMP11表达高低与肺癌病人总生存期和无进展生存期具有关联性。
实验方法:根据公开的临床数据库,研究者调取kmplot数据库中1928例肺癌样本,采用 cox函数回归分析MMP11表达与生存期数据,绘制出MMP11表达与Kaplan-Meier生存期曲线,统计分析MMP11表达与肺癌病人总生存期和无进展生存期的关联性。
实验结果:如图2A所示,MMP11高表达降低肺癌病人的总生存期,风险值HR为1.51(95%置信区间CI= 1.29-1.76),结果具有显著统计学差异(P=2.9e-07)。如图2B所示,MMP11高表达降低肺癌病人的无进展生存期,风险值为2.45 (95%置信区间CI=1.87-3.23),结果具有显著统计学差异 (P=2.8e-011)。表明MMP11的高表达与肺癌病人总生存期和无进展生存期降低有关。
(3)实施例3. 采用酶联免疫检测ELISA,分析MMP11蛋白在肺癌病人血清中的表达情况。结果表明MMP11蛋白浓度在肺癌病人血液中显著高于正常人群。
实验方法:采用双抗体夹心法测定基质金属蛋白酶MMP11浓度。首先用基质金属蛋白酶MMP11抗体包被微孔板,制成固相抗体;然后向包被固相抗体的微孔中分别加入血清,再与辣根过氧化物酶HRP 标记的MMP11酶标抗体结合,形成抗体-抗原-酶标抗体复合物;接着对微孔内进行洗涤,经过彻底洗涤后加入HRP过氧化酶的底物四甲基联苯胺TMB 显色;最后用酶标仪在 450nm 波长下测定吸光度OD 值,通过MMP11蛋白标准品构建标准浓度曲线计算样品种基质金属蛋白酶MMP11的浓度。
具体步骤如下:
1. 准备试剂、样品和MMP11蛋白标准品;
2. 加样:分别设空白孔(空白对照孔不加样品及酶标试剂,其余各步操作相同)、标准孔、待测样品孔。在酶标包被微孔板上标准品准确加样 50µl,待测样品孔中先加样品稀释液 40µl,然后再加待测样品 10µl(样品最终稀释度为 5 倍)。将样品加于酶标板孔底部,尽量不触及孔壁,轻轻晃动混匀;
3. 温育:用封板膜封板后置 37℃温育 30 分钟;
4. 配液:将 30 倍浓缩洗涤液用蒸馏水 30 倍稀释后备用;
5. 洗涤:小心揭掉封板膜,弃去液体,甩干,每孔加满洗涤液,静置 30 秒后弃去,如此重复 5 次,拍干;
6. 加酶:每孔加入酶标试剂 50µl,空白孔除外;
7. 温育:操作同 3;
8. 洗涤:操作同 5;
9. 显色:每孔先加入显色剂A 50µl,再加入显色剂B 50µl,轻轻震荡混匀,37℃避光显色15 分钟;
10. 终止:每孔加终止液 50µl,终止反应;
11. 测定:以空白空调零,450nm 波长测量各孔的吸光度(OD 值)。
实验结果:对收集的正常健康人血清与检查出肺癌的患者血清行ELISA方法检测,比较其血清中MMP11的含量。实验结果表明,实验中收集的一组肺癌患者 (包括一组6个肺鳞癌患者与18个肺腺癌患者),血清中MMP11含量显著高于正常组(12个正常体检人群)血清中MMP11蛋白的含量(P值=0.002,肺鳞癌与正常组比较)( P值=0.007,肺腺癌与正常组比较)(如图3所示)。
(4)实施例4. 敲除MMP11基因可以抑制肺癌细胞株的活力。
实验方法:通过Crisp/cas9工作原理,选择针对MMP11基因靶标序列构建靶向载体,基因敲除MMP11,分析其对肺癌细胞株A549的增殖与迁移的影响。实验中选择编码MMP11的基因序列内含子上2条靶向序列,其后跟PAM识别序列,设计合成了sgRNA。序列如下:
sgRNA1:oligo1-CACCGACATCATGATCGACTTCGCC,oligo2-AAACGGCGAAGTCGATCATGATGTC;
sgRNA2:oligo1-CACCGTCGTGCTTTCTGGCGGGCGC,oligo2-AAACGCGCCCGCCAGAAAGCACGAC。
克隆sgRNA序列进入lentiCRISPRv2,与PAX2以及pMD2.G三质粒共转染293FT细胞包装慢病毒,感染肺癌细胞A549,筛选后得到需要的MMP11敲除细胞系。其后将接种对照组和基因稳定敲除组的细胞种植于24-孔培养板中(104个细胞/孔),在5% CO2,37度培养,于不同时间段分别计数细胞数量。同时开展创伤愈合实验检测细胞迁移能力。在细胞培养6孔板中,使用200ul枪头进行划痕处理,并显微拍照记录初始划痕宽度。然后继续培养,在不同时间持续显微拍照记录创伤处细胞分布和划痕愈合速度,以检测目标基因对细胞迁移能力的影响。
实验结果: Western blot验证敲除效果,可见MMP11蛋白条带在敲除组细胞几乎消失,表明设计的两组sgRNA都成功实现了对MMP11敲除(如图4A所示)。细胞增殖实验结果显示,在起始种植相同细胞,经过不同时间增殖之后(1 day, 2 day, 3 day),分别检测计数敲除组与对照组细胞数量,可见敲除组细胞数量比对照组细胞在各时间段都有明显下降(如图4B所示),表明MMP11基因敲除能显著抑制肺癌细胞株的增殖。同时进行了划痕实验检测细胞的迁移能力,在两个MMP11敲除组中,随着时间的延长,其划痕的愈合速率相较于对照组明显下降(如图4C所示)。上述结果表明,表明当细胞敲除MMP11后,其增殖和迁移能力明显下降。
(5)实施例5. 抗体干预MMP11可以抑制肺癌细胞株的活力。
实验方法:通过抗体可以与抗原结合从而抑制抗原活性的原理,在起始种植了相同数量细胞的培养孔的培养基中分别加入不同浓度梯度的抗MMP11的抗体,观察施加了MMP11抗体对肺癌细胞的增殖能力和迁移能力的抑制作用。
实验结果:在起始种植相同细胞,对培养小孔中细胞经由各种浓度梯度MMP11抗体处理,经过不同时间增殖之后(0h,24h, 48h, 96h),开展细胞进行计数。统计结果表明,在添加了不同浓度MMP11抗体(1μg/ml, 5μg/ml, 10μg/ml)的培养皿中,肺癌细胞增殖能力较未处理对照组细胞有显著降低,且这种降低的程度与MMP11抗体浓度成正相关(如图5A所示)。可以观察到随着抗体浓度的增加以及处理时间的延长,细胞状态也发生皱缩。进一步通过在细胞培养基中加入与细胞增殖实验相同或更低浓度的抗MMP11的抗体,利用划痕实验检测抗体干预对细胞迁移能力影响。结果表明,在抗体浓度低至1μg/ml的条件下,细胞的迁移能力仍然被显著抑制(如图5B所示)。表明针对MMP11的抗体干预可有效抑制肺癌肿瘤细胞的活力。
(6)实施例6. 在体实验证实MMP11敲除或者抗体干预可以抑制肺癌细胞在裸鼠体内形成肿瘤。
实验方法:上述体外细胞学实验验证了基因敲除或者抗体干预MMP11都可以抑制肺癌细胞株的增殖和迁移活力。但这些实验并不能代表体内的细胞生存状况。通过裸鼠皮下成瘤,能够尽可能的模拟体内的肿瘤生存环境从而对实验结果进行进一步的论证。。将实验敲除组肺癌细胞以及对照组未处理细胞,以107个细胞每个瘤的细胞量接种至裸鼠右侧腋下,接种30天后比较实验敲除组以及对照组细胞成瘤的大小。另外,以107个细胞每个瘤的细胞量接种至裸鼠右侧腋下。经过两周左右可见明显皮下肿瘤形成后,通过尾静脉注射MMP11抗体 (1 μg / g体重)。每隔4天注射一次,共4次。其他组注射PBS作为对照处理。之后取出瘤体,分析不同组别间的差异。
实验结果:与体外敲除MMP11对肺癌细胞的增值能力相一致,体内试验表明,相较于对照组(注射了正常A549细胞的8只裸鼠),注射了MMP1基因敲除细胞的裸鼠(8只)形成的瘤体体积显著降低(如图6A所示)。另外,体内施加抗体治疗实验表明,在相同条件下种植了肺癌细胞的裸鼠,通过尾静脉进行抗体注射组(8只)的瘤体体积显著小于未进行抗体处理的对照组(8只)(如图6B所示),表明体内施加MMP11抗体治疗可以在体抑制肺癌肿瘤克隆的生长。实验表明:皮下注射MMP11敲除的肺癌细胞的裸鼠,或者接受MMP11抗体治疗的裸鼠,其皮下成瘤能力都显著受到抑制。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
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<110> 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院
<120> 一种控制肺癌细胞活力的分子靶标及其应用
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<212> DNA
<213> 人(Homo sapiens)
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<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Homo sapiens)
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<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Homo sapiens)
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Claims (4)
1.一种控制肺癌细胞活力的分子靶标,其特征在于:所述分子靶标为基质金属蛋白酶MMP11。
2.一种针对离体培养的或者荷瘤裸鼠体内移植的肺癌细胞的基因靶向抑制方法,其特征在于:通过CRISP/Cas9手段敲除肺癌细胞中基质金属蛋白酶MMP11,可抑制肺癌细胞的离体增殖和迁移以及在荷瘤裸鼠体内的生长。
3.一种针对离体培养或者荷瘤裸鼠体内移植的的肺癌细胞的蛋白靶向抑制方法,其特征在于:通过对离体培养的细胞培养基中或者荷瘤裸鼠的静脉中施加基质金属蛋白酶MMP11抗体,可抑制肺癌细胞的生长。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种肺癌细胞靶向抑制方法,其特征在于:在体外培养基中所施加的基质金属蛋白酶MMP11抗体终浓度为1μg/ml;在荷瘤裸鼠体内施加的基质金属蛋白酶MMP11抗体终浓度为1μg/g体重。
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