JP6413408B2 - Co2除去装置 - Google Patents
Co2除去装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6413408B2 JP6413408B2 JP2014141002A JP2014141002A JP6413408B2 JP 6413408 B2 JP6413408 B2 JP 6413408B2 JP 2014141002 A JP2014141002 A JP 2014141002A JP 2014141002 A JP2014141002 A JP 2014141002A JP 6413408 B2 JP6413408 B2 JP 6413408B2
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Description
層状複水酸化物を合成する方法としては、含浸法、混練法、共沈法、及びゾルゲル法などの調製方法が挙げられる。例えば、MgとAlの硝酸塩を含んだ溶液に、炭酸ナトリウムを添加した後、アンモニア水、水酸化Na、及び水酸化Caなどの塩基性の化合物を加えることでpHを8〜11に調整して、沈殿させて得てもよい。本沈殿で得られる物質は層状複水酸化物であるため、金属酸化物及び金属の複合酸化物を得るためには焼成してもよい。焼成温度はどのような温度でも構わないが、例えば400℃以上で焼成した場合に金属酸化物を得られる。
精製水1080gに硝酸セリウム六水和物26.05gを室温で激しく撹拌しながら溶解させた。前記水溶液を撹拌しながら28重量%のアンモニア水溶液を滴下しpHを9.0とした。8時間撹拌した後、1時間静置し、沈殿物を洗浄ろ過により収集した。その後、沈殿物を乾燥炉にて120℃で乾燥させ、大気雰囲気下の電気炉にて400℃で1時間焼成し、得られたセリウム酸化物をCO2捕捉材とした。
第一稀元素製のジルコニウム酸化物(RSC−100)をCO2捕捉材とした。
以下に、H2Oを流通させずにCO2を吸着させた場合の試験条件を示す。
CO2捕捉材は直径40mmの金型を使用して、プレス機により200kgfでペレット化し、破砕したのち篩を用いて0.5〜1.0mmの粒状に整粒した。その後、メスシリンダーを用いて1.0mlを測り、石英ガラス製反応管中に固定した。
150ml/分でHeを流通させながら、電気炉を用いてCO2捕捉材の温度を400℃に上昇させて1時間保持して不純物及び捕捉材に吸着したガスを除去した。
加熱前処理後、冷却してCO2捕捉材温度を50℃まで下げた。
電気炉で試料温度を50℃に保ちながらCO2パルス捕捉試験によりCO2捕捉量を測定した。サンプルガスとして12体積%のCO2と88体積%のHeからなる混合ガス10mlをパルス状で4分おきに2分間導入し、反応管出口のCO2濃度をガスクロマトグラフィにより測定した。パルス導入は反応管出口で測定されるCO2が飽和するまで実施した。また、キャリアガスとしてHeを使用した。
電気炉で試料温度を昇温速度10℃/分で400℃まで加熱してCO2の脱離量を測定した。
H2Oを流通させた後にCO2を吸着させた場合の試験条件を示す。CO2吸着試験−H2O流通なし、における測定方法において、冷却の後、吸着の前においてH2O流通処理を行った以外は同様の方法でCO2吸着量を評価した。
25℃の水が入ったバブラー容器において、150ml/分でHeを1時間流通させた。処理中のCO2捕捉材温度は電気炉で50℃に設定した。
×1.41(kg/L)×(Td−50)(K)×382(J/K・kg)・・・(2)
本結果から、H2O流通がある方が加熱に要するエネルギーが低くできることがわかった。
実施例1のセリウム酸化物におけるBET(Brunauer−Emmett−Teller)法を用いて−196℃での窒素の吸着等温線を測定し、比表面積を測定した。前処理として、真空引きを行いながら200℃で加熱した。実施例1の比表面積は130m2/gであった。
実施例1のセリウム酸化物におけるH2O吸着等温線を計測した。前処理として、真空引きを行いながら200℃で加熱した。その後真空引きを行いながら冷却し、試料温度は25℃で保持しながらH2Oを吸着させた。
実施例1のセリウム酸化物における表面にH2O単分子層を形成するための吸着量Qmlを算出した。前記BET法で求めた比表面積をSA、アボガドロ数をNA=6.02×1023、H2Oの吸着断面積を1.25×10-19m2とし、下記式(3)を用いて算出した。
本計算の結果、H2O単分子層吸着量Qmlは1.8mol/kgと算出された。
103 加熱用ガス
301、302、303、304 配管
401、402、403、404 弁
501 凝縮器
601 H2O濃度計
701 反応容器
801、802 CO2捕捉材
901 加熱器
Claims (10)
- ガス中のH2O及びCO2を捕捉する捕捉材と、
前記捕捉材が内部に設置され、2つ以上有する反応容器と、
前記ガス中のH2O濃度を計測するためのH2O計測器と、
前記H2O計測器で得た情報を基にH2O濃度を調整するH2O濃度調整機器と、
前記H2O濃度調整機器から前記反応容器にH 2 O及びCO 2 を含む前記ガスを導入して前記捕捉材に接触させるためのガス導入路と、
前記ガスを前記捕捉材に接触させた後に前記反応容器から排出するための第一のガス排出路と、
前記捕捉材から脱離したガスを前記反応容器から排出するための第二のガス排出路と、を含み、
前記捕捉材は、セリウムを含む酸化物もしくは複合酸化物を含む捕捉材Aと、少なくともゼオライトを含む捕捉材Bと、を含み、
前記ガスからCO2もしくはH2Oもしくはその両方を除去する場合において、前記ガスの流通方向が前記捕捉材Aから前記捕捉材Bの方向であることを特徴とするCO2除去装置。 - 請求項1に記載のCO2除去装置において、
前記捕捉材を加熱する加熱手段を有することを特徴とするCO2除去装置。 - 請求項1に記載のCO2除去装置において、
加熱用流体が前記捕捉材に接触するように構成され、
前記加熱用流体が、CO2、水蒸気、N2、燃焼排ガス、及び、大気から取り込んだ後に加熱して得たガス、から選ばれる少なくとも1つのガスを含む流体であることを特徴とするCO2除去装置。 - 請求項3に記載のCO2除去装置であって、
前記ガスの流通方向と、前記加熱流体の流通方向が同一方向であることを特徴とするCO2除去装置。 - 請求項3に記載のCO2除去装置であって、
前記ガスの流通方向と、前記加熱流体の流通方向が逆方向であることを特徴とするCO2除去装置。 - 請求項1に記載のCO2除去装置において、
前記捕捉材よりも高温の熱媒を伝熱機器に流通させ、伝熱機器からの伝熱により前記捕捉材を加熱するための機器を含むことを特徴とするCO2除去装置。 - 請求項2に記載のCO2除去装置において、
前記加熱手段は、電力により加熱する機器であることを特徴とするCO2除去装置。 - 請求項1〜7の何れかに記載のCO2除去装置において、
前記反応容器を減圧するための減圧機器を有することを特徴とするCO2除去装置。 - 請求項1〜8の何れかに記載のCO2除去装置において、
前記反応容器を加圧するための加圧機器を有することを特徴とするCO2除去装置。 - 請求項1〜9の何れかに記載のCO2除去装置において、
前記ガスが周辺の大気圧よりも高圧であることを特徴とするCO2除去装置。
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