JP5661066B2 - Method for treating incinerated ash containing radioactive material and treated solids - Google Patents
Method for treating incinerated ash containing radioactive material and treated solids Download PDFInfo
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- JP5661066B2 JP5661066B2 JP2012120693A JP2012120693A JP5661066B2 JP 5661066 B2 JP5661066 B2 JP 5661066B2 JP 2012120693 A JP2012120693 A JP 2012120693A JP 2012120693 A JP2012120693 A JP 2012120693A JP 5661066 B2 JP5661066 B2 JP 5661066B2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000012857 radioactive material Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cs+] AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 37
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 rubble Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;trihydroxy(trihydroxysilyloxy)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O[Si](O)(O)O HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052621 halloysite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、主に比較的低レベルの放射性物質を含む廃棄物等を焼却した際に排出される焼却灰の処理方法及び処理固形物に係り、特に、放射性物質として放射性セシウム及び／またはその化合物を含む焼却灰に対して有効な放射性物質を含有した焼却灰の処理方法及び処理固形物に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for treating incinerated ash discharged mainly when waste containing a relatively low level of radioactive material is incinerated, and to a treated solid substance, and in particular, radioactive cesium and / or a compound thereof as a radioactive material. The present invention relates to a method for treating incinerated ash containing a radioactive substance effective for incinerated ash containing, and a treated solid matter.
平成２３年（２０１１年）の「東日本大震災」では福島第１原発の事故で放射性物質が飛散したことから、例えば瓦礫などの廃棄物の焼却処理においては、焼却灰にこれら飛散に係る放射性物質を含み、その濃度が基準値を超えるとその処理や保管が必要になる。
その対策として、従来、例えば、セメントで固化する方法が知られている。これは、焼却灰，セメントに水を加えてこれを混練し、常態下で放置して凝固固化する。比較的固化処理費が安価で、耐熱，耐火性が大きく、強度も高いことから放射性物質の拡散を防止できる（例えば、特開平９−１０１３９８号公報（特許文献１）参照）。
また、従来においては、例えば、ガラスで固化する方法も知られている。これは、ガラス材料と焼却灰を混合し、高周波誘導加熱炉で１３００℃以上の高温で溶融し、その後冷却する。ガラスは不燃性で、耐熱，耐火性が大きく、また、耐薬品性にも優れ、放射性物質の拡散を確実に防止できる（例えば、特開２００３−１０７１９２号公報（特許文献２）参照）。
In the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, radioactive materials were scattered in the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. For example, in the incineration treatment of waste such as rubble, radioactive materials related to these scattering were put into incineration ash. If the concentration exceeds the reference value, it must be processed and stored.
Conventionally, for example, a method of solidifying with cement is known as a countermeasure. This is made by adding water to incinerated ash and cement, kneading them, and leaving them under normal conditions to solidify and solidify. Since the cost of the solidification treatment is relatively low, the heat resistance and the fire resistance are large, and the strength is high, diffusion of radioactive substances can be prevented (see, for example, JP-A-9-101398 (Patent Document 1)).
Conventionally, for example, a method of solidifying with glass is also known. In this method, a glass material and incinerated ash are mixed, melted at a high temperature of 1300 ° C. or higher in a high frequency induction heating furnace, and then cooled. Glass is nonflammable, has high heat resistance and fire resistance, is excellent in chemical resistance, and can reliably prevent the diffusion of radioactive substances (see, for example, JP-A-2003-107192 (Patent Document 2)).
ところで、上記従来の焼却灰をセメントで固化する方法にあっては、焼却灰が酸性の場合にはセメントの固化反応を阻害するので、アルカリで酸度調整する前処理が必要になり、工数増になって処理が煩雑になるという問題がある。また、セメントの固化体は、経年変化により強度低下が生じ、水透過性もあるので水溶性の塩類が溶出することがある等の欠点がある。
一方、ガラスによる固化方法にあっては、１３００℃以上の高温を付与するために例えば高周波誘導加熱炉等の特殊な装置が必要になり、また、セシウムが気化するので飛散対策防止施設で回収した高濃度のセシウム処理工程が必要になり、あるいは、添加剤も必要になることから、コスト高になるという欠点がある。
By the way, in the conventional method of solidifying the incineration ash with cement, when the incineration ash is acidic, the solidification reaction of the cement is inhibited, so a pretreatment to adjust the acidity with alkali is necessary, which increases the number of steps. There is a problem that the processing becomes complicated. Further, the solidified cement has drawbacks such as a decrease in strength due to secular change and water permeability, so that water-soluble salts may be eluted.
On the other hand, in the solidification method using glass, a special device such as a high-frequency induction heating furnace is required to give a high temperature of 1300 ° C. or higher, and since cesium is vaporized, it was collected at a facility for preventing scattering. Since a high concentration cesium treatment step is required or an additive is also required, there is a disadvantage that the cost is increased.
本発明は上記の問題点に鑑みて為されたもので、比較的低温で加熱して固化できるようにし、コストダウンを図るとともに、放射性物質を確実に封じ込めて、しかも、耐熱性，耐薬品性等の機能に優れ、経年変化の極めて少ない耐久性のある処理固形物にすることを図った放射性物質を含有した焼却灰の処理方法及び処理固形物を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and can be solidified by heating at a relatively low temperature to reduce costs, and to reliably contain radioactive substances, and to have heat resistance and chemical resistance. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for treating incinerated ash containing a radioactive substance which is excellent in functions such as the above, and has a durability which is extremely small with respect to aging, and a treated solid.
このような目的を達成するため、本発明は、放射性物質を含有した焼却灰を処理する方法において、上記焼却灰に、シラスバルーンの粉末を混合する混合工程と、該混合工程で得られた混合物を加熱して溶融若しくは半溶融する加熱工程と、その後、冷却する冷却工程とを備えた構成としている。 In order to achieve such an object, the present invention provides a method for treating incineration ash containing a radioactive substance, a mixing step of mixing shirasu balloon powder with the incineration ash, and a mixture obtained in the mixing step. It is set as the structure provided with the heating process which heats and melts or semi-melts, and the cooling process cooled after that.
シラスバルーンは、シラスを８００℃〜１２００℃で急速に加熱処理し、発泡させることにより得られる微細で約８ＭＰａの圧力で略６０％破壊する中空構造体である。そのため、９００℃〜１０００℃の比較的低温の温度で液状化し、特に、セシウム化合物は例えば塩化セシウムでは６４５℃から液状化するので放射性物質を取り込んで封じ込めることができる。このため、加熱設備として、従来のガラス固化法のような高周波誘導加熱炉を用いなくてもよく、また、気化したセシウム対策施設等の特殊な装置を用い、気化して回収した高濃度セシウム処理工程を設ける必要もないことから、それだけ、処理が簡易になりコストダウンを図ることができる。また、放射性物質がシラスバルーンの溶融または半溶融物に取り込まれるので確実に封じ込められ、しかも、耐熱性，耐薬品性等の機能に優れ、経年変化が極めて少ない耐久性の高い処理固形物を生成することができる。 A shirasu balloon is a hollow structure that is obtained by subjecting a shirasu to a rapid heat treatment at 800 ° C. to 1200 ° C. and foaming the shirasu at a pressure of about 8 MPa. Therefore, it is liquefied at a relatively low temperature of 900 ° C. to 1000 ° C., and in particular, cesium compounds are liquefied from 645 ° C., for example, with cesium chloride, so that radioactive substances can be taken in and contained. For this reason, it is not necessary to use a high-frequency induction heating furnace as in the conventional vitrification method as a heating facility, and a high concentration cesium treatment recovered by vaporization using a special apparatus such as a vaporized cesium countermeasure facility Since there is no need to provide a process, the process can be simplified and the cost can be reduced. In addition, radioactive materials are contained in the melt or semi-melt of Shirasu balloons, so that they can be reliably contained, and they have excellent functions such as heat resistance and chemical resistance. can do.
そして、必要に応じ、上記混合工程で、煉瓦原料の粉末を混合する構成としている。煉瓦原料を用いるので、それだけ、安価に処理することができる。また、煉瓦原料を用いるので、より一層、耐熱性，耐薬品性等の機能に優れ、経年変化が極めて少ない耐久性の高い処理固形物を生成することができる。 And it is set as the structure which mixes the powder of a brick raw material at the said mixing process as needed. Since brick material is used, it can be processed at low cost. Further, since the brick raw material is used, it is possible to produce a highly durable treated solid material that is further excellent in functions such as heat resistance and chemical resistance and has very little secular change.
また、必要に応じ、上記混合物を所定形状の成形物に成形する成形工程を備え、上記加熱工程において、上記成形物を焼成する構成としている。これにより、処理固形物が所定形状に形成されるので、例えば、建築資材などとして利用することができ、極めて有用になる。また、例えば、直方体ブロック状にしておけば、積み重ねが容易になり、保管する場合も容易になる。 Further, if necessary, a molding process for molding the mixture into a molded product having a predetermined shape is provided, and the molded product is fired in the heating process. Thereby, since a processing solid substance is formed in a predetermined shape, it can be used as, for example, a building material and is extremely useful. For example, if it is made a rectangular parallelepiped block shape, stacking becomes easy, and it becomes easy to store.
更に、必要に応じ、上記放射性物質は放射性セシウム及び／またはその化合物を含み、上記加熱工程において、塩化セシウムの沸点未満の温度で加熱する構成としている。焼却灰中においては、主に塩化セシウムの生成が考えられる。塩化セシウムの融点は６４５℃、沸点が１２９５℃である。そのため、この沸点未満の温度で加熱するので、塩化セシウムが気化することがなく、セシウムの放散を防止することができる。
そして、必要に応じ、上記混合物の水を除く全重量を５００としたとき、上記焼却灰，シラスバルーン及び煉瓦原料の混合重量比（焼却灰：シラスバルーン：煉瓦原料）を、（１００：１０：３９０），（１００：２０：３８０），（１００：３０：３７０），（１００：４０：３６０），（１００：５０：３５０），（１００：６０：３４０），（１００：７０：３３０），（１００：８０：３２０），（１００：９０：３１０），（１００：１００：３００）の何れかに設定した構成としている。
Furthermore, if necessary, the radioactive substance contains radioactive cesium and / or a compound thereof, and is heated at a temperature lower than the boiling point of cesium chloride in the heating step. In the incineration ash, the generation of cesium chloride can be considered. Cesium chloride has a melting point of 645 ° C. and a boiling point of 1295 ° C. Therefore, since heating is performed at a temperature lower than the boiling point, cesium chloride is not vaporized and cesium can be prevented from being diffused.
And if necessary, when the total weight of the mixture excluding water is 500, the mixing weight ratio of the incineration ash, shirasu balloon and brick material (incineration ash: shirasu balloon: brick material) is (100: 10: 390), (100: 20: 380), (100: 30: 370), (100: 40: 360), (100: 50: 350), (100: 60: 340), (100: 70: 330) , (100: 80: 320), (100: 90: 310), or (100: 100: 300).
そしてまた、上記目的を達成するため、本発明は、上記の放射性物質を含有した焼却灰の処理方法によって処理されて形成された処理固形物にある。これにより、放射性物質をシラスバルーンの溶融または半溶融物に取り込んで確実に封じ込め、しかも、耐熱性，耐薬品性等の機能に優れ、経年変化が極めて少ない耐久性の高い処理固形物になる。 And in order to achieve the said objective, this invention exists in the processing solid substance formed by processing by the processing method of the incineration ash containing said radioactive substance. As a result, the radioactive substance is taken into the melt or semi-melt of the shirasu balloon and is securely contained, and it becomes a highly durable treated solid having excellent functions such as heat resistance and chemical resistance and having very little secular change.
本発明によれば、シラスバルーンを用いたので、９００℃〜１１００℃程度の比較的低温の温度で放射性物質を取り込んで封じ込めることができる。このため、加熱設備として、従来のガラス固化法のような高周波誘導加熱炉、気化したセシウム飛散防止施設等の特殊な装置を用いなくてもよく、また、回収したセシウムが高濃度であっても特殊化処理工程を必要としなくてよく、それだけ、処理が簡易になりコストダウンを図ることができる。また、放射性物質をシラスバルーンの溶融または半溶融物に取り込んで確実に封じ込めることができ、しかも、耐熱性，耐薬品性等機能に優れ、経年変化が極めて少ない耐久性の高い処理固形物を生成することができる。 According to the present invention, since the shirasu balloon is used, the radioactive substance can be taken in and contained at a relatively low temperature of about 900 ° C. to 1100 ° C. For this reason, there is no need to use a special apparatus such as a high-frequency induction heating furnace such as a conventional vitrification method or a vaporized cesium scattering prevention facility as a heating facility, and even if the recovered cesium has a high concentration. There is no need for a special processing step, and accordingly, the processing is simplified and the cost can be reduced. In addition, radioactive materials can be reliably contained in molten or semi-melted shirasu balloons, and they have excellent durability such as heat resistance and chemical resistance. can do.
以下、添付図面に基づいて、本発明の実施の形態に係る放射性物質を含有した焼却灰の処理方法及び処理固形物について詳細に説明する。
実施の形態に係る放射性物質を含有した焼却灰の処理方法は、図１に示すように、焼却灰に、シラスバルーンの粉末，煉瓦原料の粉末を混合して混合物を得る混合工程（１）と、混合物に水を加えて所定形状の成形物に成形する成形工程（２）と、この成形工程で得られた成形物を焼成し、混合物を加熱して溶融若しくは半溶融する加熱工程（３）と、その後、この成形物を冷却して処理固形物とする冷却工程（４）とを備えている。
Hereinafter, based on an accompanying drawing, the processing method and processing solid thing of incineration ash containing a radioactive substance concerning an embodiment of the invention are explained in detail.
As shown in FIG. 1, the method for treating incinerated ash containing a radioactive substance according to the embodiment includes a mixing step (1) in which a mixture of shirasu balloon powder and brick raw material powder is mixed with incinerated ash. A molding step (2) for adding water to the mixture to form a molded product having a predetermined shape, and a heating step (3) for firing the molded product obtained in the molding step and heating or melting or semi-melting the mixture And a cooling step (4) after which the molded product is cooled to form a treated solid.
実施の形態に係る処理方法が対象とする焼却灰は、主には、ゴミ処理場から出る例えば瓦礫などの比較的低レベルの放射性物質を含む廃棄物等を焼却した際に排出されるもので、特に、放射性物質として放射性セシウム及び／またはその化合物を含む焼却灰である。焼却灰の中でも、飛灰には放射性セシウム及び／またはその化合物が多く含まれる。尚、例えば、原子力関連施設，医療機関，研究機関等から発生する廃棄物を、減容のために焼却する際に生じる焼却灰を対象とすることもできる。 The incineration ash targeted by the treatment method according to the embodiment is mainly discharged when incineration of waste or the like containing a relatively low level of radioactive material such as rubble from a garbage disposal site. In particular, incinerated ash containing radioactive cesium and / or a compound thereof as a radioactive substance. Among incineration ash, fly ash contains a lot of radioactive cesium and / or its compounds. In addition, for example, incineration ash generated when incinerating waste generated from nuclear facilities, medical institutions, research institutions, etc. for volume reduction can be targeted.
シラスバルーンは、シラスを８００℃〜１２００℃で急速に加熱処理し、発泡させることにより得られる微細な中空構造体である。原料となるシラスは、火山噴出物及びこれに由来する２次堆積物の総称であり、その化学組成は採取場所により多少の相違があるものの、通常、ＳｉＯ2 （６４〜７５重量％）、Ａｌ2 Ｏ3 （１１〜１６重量％）、Ｆｅ2 Ｏ3 （１〜４重量％）、ＣａＯ（１〜４重量％）、Ｎａ2 Ｏ（１〜４重量％）、Ｋ2 Ｏ（１〜４重量％）、ＭｇＯ（０．４〜１重量％）、ＴｉＯ2 （０．１〜４重量％）等からなる。９００℃から液状化するものが用いられる。 The shirasu balloon is a fine hollow structure obtained by subjecting a shirasu to a rapid heat treatment at 800 ° C. to 1200 ° C. to cause foaming. Shirasu as a raw material is a general term for volcanic ejecta and secondary deposits derived from it, and although its chemical composition varies slightly depending on the sampling location, it is usually SiO 2 (64-75% by weight), Al 2 O 3 (11-16 wt%), Fe 2 O 3 (1-4 wt%), CaO (1-4 wt%), Na 2 O (1-4 wt%), K 2 O (1-4) % By weight), MgO (0.4 to 1% by weight), TiO 2 (0.1 to 4% by weight) and the like. What liquefies from 900 degreeC is used.
シラスバルーンは、平均粒径が１μｍ〜１０００μｍのものを用いる。平均粒径が大きすぎると焼却灰との混合性が悪くなる。望ましくは、１０μｍ〜６００μｍ、より望ましくは、２０μｍ〜４００μｍ、特に望ましくは、３０μｍ〜２００μｍである。
また、シラスバルーンは、かさ比重が０．０５〜０．６のものを用いる。望ましくは、０．１〜０．５、より望ましくは、０．１５〜０．４ 、特に望ましくは、０．１５〜０．３である。
A shirasu balloon having an average particle diameter of 1 μm to 1000 μm is used. If the average particle size is too large, the mixing property with the incinerated ash is deteriorated. The thickness is desirably 10 μm to 600 μm, more desirably 20 μm to 400 μm, and particularly desirably 30 μm to 200 μm.
A shirasu balloon having a bulk specific gravity of 0.05 to 0.6 is used. Desirably, it is 0.1 to 0.5, more desirably 0.15 to 0.4, and particularly desirably 0.15 to 0.3.
煉瓦原料は、所謂煉瓦用粘土であり、一般的な鉱物組成は、石英（ＳiＯ2）、長石、粘土からなる。長石は主にカリ長石（Ｋ2Ｏ・Ａl2Ｏ3・６ＳiＯ2）、ソーダ長石（Ｋ2Ｏ・Ａl2Ｏ3・６ＳiＯ2）である。粘土は主にカオリナイト（Ａl2Ｏ3・２ＳiＯ2・２Ｈ2Ｏ）あるいはハロイサイト（Ａl2Ｏ3・２ＳiＯ2・４Ｈ2Ｏ）である。
煉瓦原料は、平均粒径が１μｍ〜５０００μｍのものを用いる。また、煉瓦原料は、かさ比重が１．５〜３のものを用いる。
The brick raw material is so-called brick clay, and the general mineral composition is composed of quartz (SiO 2 ), feldspar, and clay. Feldspar mainly
A brick material having an average particle diameter of 1 μm to 5000 μm is used. Moreover, a brick raw material with a bulk specific gravity of 1.5-3 is used.
次に、各工程について説明する。
（１）混合工程
焼却灰（飛灰）に、シラスバルーンの粉末，煉瓦原料の粉末の混合物を作成する。混合物に水を加える。混合攪拌機に入れて、５〜６ＭＰｓの圧力で混練した。
Next, each step will be described.
(1) Mixing step A mixture of shirasu balloon powder and brick raw material powder is prepared on incineration ash (fly ash). Add water to the mixture. It put into the mixing stirrer and knead | mixed with the pressure of 5-6MPs.
（２）成形工程
水を加えて混合した混合物を、成形型に入れ、加圧機により６ＭＰａの圧力で成型する。例えば、直方体状のブロック（例えば、幅１００ｍｍ×長さ１５０ｍｍ×厚さ７０ｍｍ）の成形物に成形した。
(2) Molding process The mixture obtained by adding water and mixing is put into a mold and molded by a pressure machine at a pressure of 6 MPa. For example, it was molded into a molded product having a rectangular parallelepiped block (for example,
（３）加熱工程
この加熱においては、焼成窯を用いた、焼成窯は、プロパンガス窯（幅５００ｍｍ×奥
４００ｍｍ×高５００ｍｍ）の倒焔式強制燃焼で１３００℃まで可能なバーナーを備えて構成される。
(3) Heating process In this heating, the firing kiln using a firing kiln is configured with a burner capable of up to 1300 ° C. by overturning forced combustion in a propane gas kiln (
焼成温度（加熱温度）は、塩化セシウムの沸点未満の温度に設定した。焼却灰中においては、主に塩化セシウムの生成が考えられる。塩化セシウムの融点は６４５℃、沸点が１２９５℃である。よって、加熱温度を１２９５℃以上に設定すると、塩化セシウムが気化して放散するので好ましくない。一方、シラスバルーンは９００℃程度から液状化する。そのため、加熱温度を、９００℃〜１２００℃、望ましくは、９５０℃〜１１００℃に設定する。実施の形態では、１０００℃に設定した。 The firing temperature (heating temperature) was set to a temperature below the boiling point of cesium chloride. In the incineration ash, the generation of cesium chloride can be considered. Cesium chloride has a melting point of 645 ° C. and a boiling point of 1295 ° C. Therefore, setting the heating temperature to 1295 ° C. or higher is not preferable because cesium chloride is vaporized and diffused. On the other hand, the shirasu balloon is liquefied from about 900 ° C. Therefore, the heating temperature is set to 900 ° C. to 1200 ° C., desirably 950 ° C. to 1100 ° C. In the embodiment, the temperature is set to 1000 ° C.
即ち、成形物を、焼成窯に入れ、１０００℃で５時間焼成した。そのため、この沸点未満の温度で加熱するので、塩化セシウムが気化することがなく、セシウムの放散を防止することができる。尚、水分の蒸発温度（１００℃）では、塩化セシウムは液状化しないので、蒸気にセシウムが混入することはない。
そして、シラスバルーンは、９００℃〜１０００℃の比較的低温の温度で液状化し、放射性物質を取り込んで封じ込めることができる。このため、加熱設備として、従来のガラス固化法のような高周波誘導加熱炉、気化したセシウム対策等の特殊な装置を用いなくてもよく、それだけ、処理が簡易になりコストダウンを図ることができる。また、放射性物質がシラスバルーンの溶融または半溶融物に取り込まれるので確実に封じ込められる。
That is, the molded product was placed in a firing kiln and fired at 1000 ° C. for 5 hours. Therefore, since heating is performed at a temperature lower than the boiling point, cesium chloride is not vaporized and cesium can be prevented from being diffused. At the moisture evaporation temperature (100 ° C.), cesium chloride is not liquefied, so cesium is not mixed into the vapor.
The shirasu balloon can be liquefied at a relatively low temperature of 900 ° C. to 1000 ° C., and the radioactive material can be taken in and contained. For this reason, it is not necessary to use a high-frequency induction heating furnace such as a conventional glass solidification method or a special apparatus such as a countermeasure against vaporized cesium as heating equipment, and the processing can be simplified and the cost can be reduced. . In addition, since the radioactive substance is taken into the melt or semi-melt of the shirasu balloon, it is surely contained.
（４）冷却工程
焼成窯から成形物を取り出し、常態温で５時間以上冷却した。これにより、処理固形物が作成された。
(4) Cooling step The molded product was taken out from the firing kiln and cooled at normal temperature for 5 hours or more. This created a treated solid.
このように作成された処理固形物は、焼却灰，シラスバルーン及び煉瓦原料で形成されるので、耐熱性，耐薬品性等の機能に優れ、経年変化が極めて少ない耐久性の高いものとなる。特に、煉瓦原料を用いるので、より一層、これらの機能の向上が図られる。また、処理固形物が所定形状（実施の形態では直方体ブロック状）に形成されるので、例えば、建築資材などとして利用することができ、極めて有用になる。また、積み重ねが容易になり、保管する場合も容易になる。 Since the treated solid material thus produced is formed of incinerated ash, shirasu balloons, and brick raw materials, it has excellent functions such as heat resistance and chemical resistance, and has high durability with very little secular change. In particular, since brick materials are used, these functions can be further improved. Moreover, since the treatment solid is formed in a predetermined shape (in the embodiment, a rectangular parallelepiped block shape), it can be used as, for example, a building material and is extremely useful. In addition, stacking is facilitated and storage is facilitated.
次に、実施例１〜１０を示す。実施例では、焼却灰として、岩手県Ｋ市の瓦礫焼却施設の飛灰を用いた。シラスバルーンとして、平均粒径が１９０μｍ以下のものを用いた。煉瓦原料として、ＪＩＳ−ＳＫ３４（かさ比重２．１）のものを用いた。各実施例において、これらの原料を、図２に示す重量比で混合した。水の重量比は５０とした。そして、上記の実施の形態に係る処理方法に従って処理固形物を作製した。 Next, Examples 1 to 10 are shown. In the examples, fly ash from a rubble incineration facility in K city, Iwate Prefecture was used as the incineration ash. A shirasu balloon having an average particle diameter of 190 μm or less was used. As a brick material, a material of JIS-SK34 (bulk specific gravity 2.1) was used. In each Example, these raw materials were mixed at a weight ratio shown in FIG. The weight ratio of water was 50. And the processing solid substance was produced according to the processing method which concerns on said embodiment.
次に、試験例について説明する。上記の実施例１〜１０において、焼却灰及び処理固形物について、放射性核種測定を行った。結果は、飛灰の放射性セシウムがトータルで１２８０Ｂｑ／Ｋｇあったものが、処理固形物では、大幅に下がり、その効果が極めて高いことが分かった。 Next, test examples will be described. In said Examples 1-10, the radionuclide measurement was performed about the incineration ash and the processing solid substance. The result is that radioactive cesium fly ash had 1280Bq / Kg in total, the process solids, down to atmospheric width, the effect was found to be extremely high.
尚、上記実施の形態では、本発明を主に比較的低レベルの放射性物質を含む焼却灰に適用した例で説明したが、本発明を高レベル，中レベルの放射性物質を含む焼却灰に適用してよいことは勿論である。
また、焼却灰においても、産業廃棄物処理施設から出る焼却灰、ゴミ処理場から出る焼却灰、バイオマス発電設備から出る焼却灰等、どのような施設から出る焼却灰であってもよい。
In the embodiment above Symbol embodiment, the present invention has been described in example applied to the incineration ash containing mainly relatively low levels of radioactive material, the present invention high level, the ash containing radioactive materials of the middle level Of course, it may be applied.
Incineration ash may also be incineration ash from any facility such as incineration ash from an industrial waste treatment facility, incineration ash from a garbage disposal site, or incineration ash from a biomass power generation facility.
上述もしたが、福島第１原発の事故で放射性物質が飛散したことから、瓦礫などの廃棄物の焼却処理においては、焼却灰にこれら飛散に係る放射性物質を含み、その濃度が基準値を超えることがあり得るが、その場合には、本発明の処理方法は、比較的低温で加熱して固化できるので、コストダウンを図ることができ、また、放射性物質を確実に封じ込めて、しかも、耐熱性，耐薬品性等の機能に優れ、経年変化の極めて少ない耐久性のある処理固形物とすることができることから、極めて有用になる。 As mentioned above, since radioactive materials were scattered in the accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, incineration of waste such as debris contained radioactive materials related to these scattering in the incineration ash, and the concentration exceeded the standard value. In this case, however, the treatment method of the present invention can be solidified by heating at a relatively low temperature, so that the cost can be reduced, and the radioactive substance can be reliably contained and heat-resistant. It is extremely useful because it can be made into a solid treated with excellent durability, chemical resistance, and the like, and can be a durable treated solid with very little secular change.
（１）混合工程
（２）成形工程
（３）加熱工程
（４）冷却工程
(1) Mixing step (2) Molding step (3) Heating step (4) Cooling step
Claims (3)
上記焼却灰に、シラスバルーンの粉末及び煉瓦原料の粉末を混合する混合工程と、該混合工程で得られた混合物を所定形状の成形物に成形する成形工程と、該成形工程で得られた成形物を塩化セシウムの沸点未満の温度で加熱しシラスバルーンを溶融若しくは半溶融して焼成する加熱工程と、その後、冷却する冷却工程とを備えたことを特徴とする放射性物質を含有した焼却灰の処理方法。 In a method for treating incinerated ash containing radioactive substances including radioactive cesium and / or compounds thereof ,
Mixing step of mixing shirasu balloon powder and brick raw material powder into the incinerated ash, molding step of molding the mixture obtained in the mixing step into a molded product of a predetermined shape, and molding obtained in the molding step Of incinerated ash containing radioactive material, characterized in that it comprises a heating step in which the product is heated at a temperature below the boiling point of cesium chloride to melt or semi-melt the shirasu balloon and then cooled. Processing method.
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