JP5575486B2 - 筋鞘にnNOSを回復させる合成ミニ/ミクロジストロフィン遺伝子 - Google Patents
筋鞘にnNOSを回復させる合成ミニ/ミクロジストロフィン遺伝子 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、少なくとも部分的に米国国立衛生研究所からのグラント番号AR49419下の政府支援により行われた。米国政府は本発明に一定の権利を有することができる。
本出願は、2007年1月18日に出願された米国仮出願シリアル番号60/881,129および2007年10月16日に出願された60/999,321の利益を主張する。
本特許または出願ファイルは、少なくとも1枚のカラーで作製された図面を含む。カラー図面を備えたこの特許または特許出願公報のコピーは、請求して必要な料金の支払いをすると官庁によって提供される。
動物モデルおよびインビボ遺伝子移入。この開示中で記述される動物実験はすべて、ミズーリ大学(University of Missouri)の研究所の動物実験委員会(Animal Care and Use Committee)によって承認されており、NIHガイドラインに従う。正常な実験用マウス(BL10マウス)およびジストロフィン欠損実験用マウス(mdxマウスおよびmdx4cvマウス)は、ジャクソン研究所(Jackson Laboratory)(バーハーバー、メイン)からもとは購入した。myoD/ジストロフィンダブルノックアウト(m−dko)マウスは、もとはオタワ研究所のMichael Rudnicki博士から入手した。続いてミズーリ大学での自家繁殖によってコロニーを確立し、12時間−12時間の明暗サイクルで20〜23℃の特定病原体未感染の動物施設中に、マウス(実験用マウスおよび繁殖用ペアを含む)を収容した。非ウイルス性プラスミドによるインビボの局部的なトランスフェクションまたはAAV仲介性局部的な遺伝子移入のいずれかによって、ジストロフィン発現、nNOS発現およびnNOS活性を評価するために、2つの筋肉(前脛骨(TA)筋および腓腹筋)を使用した。AAV仲介性遺伝子移入(局部的送達および全身的送達)後のジストロフィン発現、nNOS発現、nNOS活性および筋力改善に対して、長趾伸(extensor digitorium longus)(EDL)筋を使用した。血管内の全身的な遺伝子送達後のジストロフィン発現、nNOS発現、nNOS活性および筋肉の病状改善について、すべての身体の筋肉(骨格筋および心筋を含む)を解析した。これらの筋肉に対してプラスミドまたはAAVを送達するために、最初に筋肉の近位端部を2〜3mm切開して露出した。次に、33Gのハミルトン針を筋肉の中央の腹へ挿入した。ベクター(プラスミドまたはAAV)を、ゆっくり注入針を引き出しながら筋肉の中へ注入した。傷を縫合し、回復するまで動物をモニターした。
ジストロフィンミニ遺伝子(ΔH2−R15)の1つの実施例は、鋳型としてΔH2−R19ミニ遺伝子を使用して行なうことができる。図3は、全長遺伝子、ΔH2−R19ミニ遺伝子および3つの新しく合成されたミニ遺伝子を含むプロトタイプコンストラクトのための診断用切断を示す。ΔH2−R19ミニ遺伝子(筋鞘へnNOSを回復させることができない)はDMD遺伝子治療のために現在評価されているミニ遺伝子である(Harper et al., 2002; Lai et al., 2005)。ΔH2−R17、ΔH2−R16およびΔH2−R15は、ΔH2−R19ミニ遺伝子のリピートよりも、それぞれ2つ(R18およびR19)、3つ(R17、R18およびR19)ならびに4つ(R16、R17、R18およびR19)の追加のリピートを含むミニ遺伝子である。余分のリピートは、診断用バンドの分子量が次第に増加することによって可視化することができる。具体的には、それぞれの各コンストラクトをNsiI/SalIの二重消化により切断し、導入遺伝子から診断用フラグメントを遊離した。消化DNA断片を、アガロースゲル上で電気泳動にかけた。診断用バンドのサイズを分子量マーカー(1kbラダー)により決定した。星印は、不完全消化に起因するΔH2−R19コンストラクトの残存プラスミドを示す。
図4は、全長ジストロフィン遺伝子またはいくつかの合成ミニジストロフィン遺伝子(ΔH2−R15、ΔH2−R16、ΔH2−R17またはΔH2−R19)による処理後2か月齢のmdxマウスの骨格筋におけるnNOS回復およびジストロフィン発現の免疫蛍光法(IF)分析を示す。未処理のmdx筋肉における復帰線維のクローンもまた提供する。
ストリンジェントな組織酵素分析を実行して動員されているnNOSタンパク質の生化学的機能を決定した。nNOS活性結果もまた、明視野画像における青色で示されるnNOS活性染色と共に図5、6B〜6Eおよび7A〜7B中に含まれる。重要な問題は、本発明のミニ/ミクロ遺伝子の処理後に蛍光抗体染色によって検出されたnNOSタンパク質が、確かに機能的なタンパク質であるかどうかである。nNOSはNADPHジアフォラーゼ活性を有する(Hope et al., 1991; Bredt et al., 1991; Dawson et al., 1991)。本質的には、この酵素活性はNADPHから無色の可溶性テトラゾリウム塩への電子伝達を可能にし、最終的に有色の不溶性フォルマザン誘導体を産生する(Beesley, 1995; Rothe et al, 2005)。nNOS活性分析(すなわち本発明者によって用いられる組織酵素分析)は以前に他の研究者によって使用され、nNOSとα−シントロフィンとの間の機能的相互作用が確立された(Kameya et al., 1999)。蛍光抗体染色によってnNOSタンパク質が陽性に染色された筋線維は、イン・シトゥーの酵素分析によるnNOS活性もまた示した。表3は、図5中に表示される免疫染色およびnNOS活性分析結果の定量化を示す。表3は、R16−17ミクロドメインを備えたミニ/ミクロ遺伝子が、機能的なnNOSタンパク質を筋鞘へ回復させることができるという明らかな証拠を提供する。R16−17ミクロドメインのnNOSを動員する活性は、全長タンパク質中での天然の位置に依存しない。表3における結果は、本発明のミニ/ミクロ遺伝子によるnNOS回復がジストロフィンC末端ドメインに依存しないという結論をさらに強化する。
図6Aは、AAVベクター(すなわちΔR2−15/ΔR18−23/ΔCミクロ遺伝子を保有するAAVベクター)の実施例を示し、それを全長タンパク質および既存のΔ3849ミクロ遺伝子発現カセットと比較する(Wang et al., 2000)。AAVベクターの発現カセットは、CMVプロモーター、ΔR2−15/ΔR18−23/ΔCミクロ遺伝子およびSV40ポリAを含む。カセット全体は末端でAAVのITRが隣接する。AAVベクターは、AAV−6、AAV−8およびAAV−9などの選択されたAAV血清型のカプシッドの中へ全体のコンストラクト(AV.CMV.ΔR2−15/ΔR18−23/ΔC)をパッケージングすることによって作製した。図6Aは、他のミクロジストロフィンの発現カセット(MCK.ΔR3−22/ΔC)の構造もまた示す。このミクロ遺伝子は著者によってもとは「Δ3849ミニ遺伝子」と呼ばれた(Wang et al., 2000)。比較を容易にするために、このミクロ遺伝子は分子構造を反映してΔR3−22/ΔCミクロ遺伝子と名前を変える。
図7Aおよび7Bは、IF染色およびnNOS活性染色の結果を示す。これらの実験において、AV.CMV.ΔR2−15/ΔR18−23/ΔC(図7A)およびAV.CMV.ΔR3−15/ΔR17−23/ΔC(図7B)を、以前に出版されたプロトコールを使用してAAV−9の中へパッケージングし、パッケージングされたAAVベクターを、50日齢のmdxマウスのTA筋肉へ送達した(Bostick et al., 2007; Ghosh et al., 2007)。AAVに感染した筋肉を30日後に採取した。
mdxマウスにおける我々のインビボの研究は、R16単独(ΔR3−15/ΔR17−23/ΔCミクロ遺伝子など)またはR17単独(ΔH2−R16ミニ遺伝子など)のいずれかの存在では、筋鞘nNOS発現を回復できないことを示唆する。しかしながら、R16およびR17の両方が存在するとき(ΔR2−15/ΔR18−23/ΔCミクロ遺伝子など)には、nNOSは筋鞘へ動員される。直接的相互作用がR16−17とnNOSのPDZドメインとの間にあるかどうか決定するために、我々は酵母ツーハイブリッド分析を実行した(図8)。
Claims (11)
- 筋鞘にnNOSを回復させることができる合成非全長ジストロフィンタンパク質をコードする合成ミニジストロフィン又はミクロジストロフィン遺伝子を含む単離された合成核酸分子であって、前記非全長ジストロフィンタンパク質が、N末端からC末端までに、
(1)前記ジストロフィンタンパク質のN末端ドメインまたは前記ジストロフィンタンパク質の修飾されたN末端ドメインと、
(2)前記ジストロフィンタンパク質の中央のロッドドメインの少なくとも2つのリピートであって、R16およびR17を含む少なくとも2つのリピートと、
(3)前記ジストロフィンタンパク質の少なくとも2つのヒンジ領域であって、H1およびH4を含む少なくとも2つのヒンジ領域と、
(4)前記ジストロフィンタンパク質のシステインリッチドメインと、
を含み、前記ミニジストロフィン又はミクロジストロフィン遺伝子が、それぞれ5kb〜約8kbの長さ又は5kb未満の長さである、単離された合成核酸分子。 - 前記ジストロフィンタンパク質の中央のロッドドメインの少なくとも2つのリピートが、(1)R1、R16、R17およびR24、(2)R1−R2、R16、R17およびR24、(3)R1、R16−R19および24、(4)R1−R3、R16、R17およびR20−R24、ならびに(5)R1−R3およびR16−R24からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の単離された核酸分子。
- 前記ジストロフィンタンパク質の少なくとも2つのヒンジ領域が、H1、H3およびH4を含む、請求項1に記載の単離された核酸分子。
- 前記配列が、配列番号:7〜8および配列番号:10〜13からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の単離された核酸分子。
- 前記ジストロフィンタンパク質のC末端ドメインをコードする配列をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の単離された核酸分子。
- 請求項1に記載のいずれかの核酸分子によってコードされるポリペプチド。
- 発現カセットおよびウイルスの逆方向末端リピート(ITR)に作動可能に結合された、請求項1に記載の核酸分子を含む単一の組換えアデノ随伴ウイルス(AAV)ベクター。
- 2つのAAVベクターを含むデュアル組換えAAVベクターシステムであって、前記2つのAAVベクターのうちの1つが、請求項1に記載の核酸分子の一部を含み、かつもう一方のベクターが、前記核酸分子の残りの部分を含み、前記2つのベクターが、互いとの組換えで全長の前記核酸を産生することを可能にする配列をさらに含む、デュアル組換えAAVベクターシステム。
- 被験体におけるジストロフィン欠損疾患を治療するための薬剤の製造のための、治療的有効量の請求項7または8に記載のAAVベクターおよび薬学的に許容される担体の使用。
- 前記ジストロフィン欠損疾患が、デュシェンヌ型筋ジストロフィー(DMD)、ベッカー型筋ジストロフィー(BMD)、およびX連鎖性拡張型心筋症(XLDC)からなる群から選択される、請求項9に記載の使用。
- 1つ以上の請求項7または8に記載のAAVベクターおよび薬学的に許容される担体を含む医薬組成物。
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US99932107P | 2007-10-16 | 2007-10-16 | |
US60/999,321 | 2007-10-16 | ||
PCT/US2008/000717 WO2008088895A2 (en) | 2007-01-18 | 2008-01-18 | Synthetic mini/micro-dystrophin genes to restore nnos to the sarcolemma |
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