JP2023500884A - 筋疾患のための併用療法 - Google Patents
筋疾患のための併用療法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001500 prolyl group Chemical group [H]N1C([H])(C(=O)[*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylparaben Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003415 propylparaben Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002731 protein assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006337 proteolytic cleavage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000022587 qualitative or quantitative defects of dystrophin Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010059128 rabies virus glycoprotein peptide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003362 replicative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001718 repressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003705 ribosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012146 running buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 208000001076 sarcopenia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003497 sciatic nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013424 sirius red staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002460 smooth muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010356 sorbitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 210000003699 striated muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000341 threoninyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])(N([H])[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000005100 tissue tropism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000196 tragacanth Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116362 tragacanth Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108091006107 transcriptional repressors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000001890 transfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- PIEPQKCYPFFYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris acetate Chemical compound CC(O)=O.OCC(N)(CO)CO PIEPQKCYPFFYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000010415 tropism Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
特定の実施形態では、GDF5経路活性化物質はGDF5ペプチド、特に合成又は組換えGDF5、より詳細には組換えGDF5、例えば組換えヒトGDF5である。未処理野生型ヒトGDF-5(Uniprot受託番号P43026)は以下の配列を有する:
APLATRQGKRPSKNLKARCSRKALHVNFKDMGWDDWIIAPLEYEAFHCEGLCEFPLRSHLEPTNHAVIQTLMNSMDPESTPPTCCVPTRLSPISILFIDSANNVVYKQYEDMVVESCGCR
(配列番号9)。
APSATRQGKRPSKNLKARCSRKALHVNFKDMGWDDWIIAPLEYEAFHCEGLCEFPLRSHLEPTNHAVIQTLMNSMDPESTPPTCCVPTRLSPISILFIDSANNVVYKQYEDMVVESCGCR
(配列番号10)
R399、
F409~W417のうちのいずれか1つ、特にM412、G413、W414、及び/又はW417、
E434~M456のうちのいずれか1つ、特にF435、P436、L437、R438、S439、H440、P443、N445、V448、I449、L452、M453、S455、及び/又はM456、
S475、
I476、
F478、
K488~M493のうちのいずれか1つ、特にK488、Y490、及び/又はD492。
- R399はV、L、I、M、F、Y、W、E、又はDと置き換えられる、
- M412はV、L、I、F、Y、W、H、K、又はRと置き換えられる、
- W414はR、K、F、Y、H、E、又はDと置き換えられる、
- W417はR、K、F、Y、H、E、又はDと置き換えられる、
- F435はV、L、I、M、P、Y、W、H、K、又はRと置き換えられる、
- P436はV、L、I、M、F、Y、又はWと置き換えられる、
- L437はD又はEと置き換えられる、
- R438はK、D、H、N、M、E、Q、S、T、Y、又はWと置き換えられる、
- S439はK、D、E、H、R、M、T、N、Q、Y、又はWと置き換えられる、
- H440はV、I、M、F、Y、W、E、又はDと置き換えられる、
- P443はV、L、I、M、F、Y、W、A、又はSと置き換えられる、
- N445はD、Q、H、F、L、R、K、M、S、Y、又はWと置き換えられる、
- V448はF、L、I、M、P、Y、又はWと置き換えられる、
- I449はF、L、V、M、P、Y、又はWと置き換えられる、
- L452はF、I、V、M、P、Y、又はWと置き換えられる、
- M456はF、I、L、P、Y、W、S、T、N、Q、K、又はDと置き換えられる、
- S475はM、T、N、Q、Y、又はWと置き換えられる、
- K488はR、M、S、T、N、Q、Y、又はWと置き換えられる、
- Y490はE、H、K、R、Q、F、T、M、S、N、Q、又はWと置き換えられる、
- D492はG、E、M、S、T、N、Q、Y、W、H、K、又はRと置き換えられる、
- I476はG、A、V、L、M、F、Y、又はWと置き換えられる、
- F478はG、A、V、L、I、Y、又はWと置き換えられる。
R399はM又はEと置き換えられる、
W414はRと置き換えられる、
W417はR又はFと置き換えられる、
R438はKと置き換えられる、
S439はK又はEと置き換えられる、
I449はVと置き換えられる。
本発明は、筋疾患の処置に関する。遺伝子疾患は本発明からの恩恵を受けうる筋疾患のうちの1つである。特定の実施形態では、筋疾患は神経筋疾患又は筋骨格疾患である。
(i)ジストロフィンpre-mRNA内にエクソンスキッピングを誘導することができ、機能性ジストロフィンタンパク質をコードするmRNA転写物を産生するように筋細胞を誘導するアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドをコードする(以下の説明において「AONコードウイルス」とも称される)か、
(ii)筋細胞に、前記筋細胞のゲノムにおけるジストロフィン遺伝子を修正するための手段、例えば、ジストロフィン遺伝子に特異的な1つ若しくは複数のエンドヌクレアーゼを実装するゲノム編集手段を導入するように設計されるか、又は
(iii)機能性ジストロフィンタンパク質をコードする
ウイルスベクターである。
コイルとして相互作用する7つのヘリックスターンによって形成される。アルファ-ヘリックス2はより複雑な構造を有し、グリシン又はプロリン残基によって隔てられている4つのヘリックスターンと3つのヘリックスターンとのセグメントによって形成される。各リピートは2つのエクソンによってコードされ、エクソンは、典型的には、アルファ-ヘリックス2の第1の部分におけるアミノ酸47及び48をコードする核酸位間のイントロンによって分断されている。他のイントロンはリピートコード領域の種々の位置に見出され、通例ヘリックス-3に分散する。ジストロフィンはまた、粘菌(キイロタマホコリカビ(Dictyostelium discoideum))アルファ-アクチニンのC末端ドメインと相同性を示すシステインリッチセグメント(すなわち、280アミノ酸中15個のシステイン)を含むシステインリッチドメインをアミノ酸3080~3360付近に含有する。カルボキシ末端ドメインはアミノ酸3361~3685付近に位置する。
上述したように、本発明は、遺伝子療法による筋疾患の処置のための方法における、別の有効成分と組み合わせた使用のためのGDF5経路活性化物質に関する。
- ALSの処置のための、SOD1 pre-mRNA内におけるエクソンスキッピングに好適なAON、
- SMNタンパク質をコードする遺伝子、例えばSMN1若しくはSMN2遺伝子、より詳細にはSMN1遺伝子を含む、ウイルスベクター等のベクター、特にAAVベクター、
- DMDの処置のための、上に記載した機能性ジストロフィンをコードする遺伝子を含む、ウイルスベクター等のベクター、特にAAVベクター、又は
- (i)上に記載した、ジストロフィンpre-mRNA内におけるエクソンスキッピングに好適なAON若しくはそれをコードするベクター、及び(ii)DMDの処置のための、上に記載した機能性ジストロフィンをコードする遺伝子を含む、ウイルスベクター等のベクター、特にAAVベクター
を含む。
- 第1に、ジストロフィンpre-mRNAの一部に相補的であり、このpre-mRNAのmRNAへのプロセシングの間にエクソンスキッピングを誘導することができる、単離されたアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド、及び
- 第2に、デュシェンヌ型筋ジストロフィー治療物をコードする、例えば、(i)ジストロフィンpre-mRNA内にエクソンスキッピングを誘導することができるアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドをコードするか、(ii)ジストロフィン遺伝子編集手段をコードするか、又は(iii)機能性ジストロフィンをコードする、ウイルスベクター
の2工程投与を含みうる。
ウイルスベクター作製及び動物実験
一本鎖AAV1-U7ex23(7)、AAV1-U7scr(13)、及びAAV1-MD1(37)ベクターの生成のために、pAAV(U7smOPT-SD23/BP22)、pAAV(U7smOPT-scr)、及びコドン最適化pΔR4-R23/ΔCT(MD1)プラスミドを用いて3プラスミドトランスフェクションプロトコルを使用した。AAV-GDF5を、EcoRI及びNheI部位(GeneArt string、ThermoFisher社)に隣接するGdf5 ORF(NM_008109.2)のpSMD2 AAV2ベクター骨格への、CMVプロモーター下での直接クローニングによって生成した。pSUPER retro puro Scr ShRNA(SCRA)はJohn Gurdonから寄贈されたものであった(Addgeneプラスミド#30520)。BamHI部位をPCRによって挿入し、H1-SCRAカセットを、BamHI及びSalI部位を介してpSMD2-shにクローニングした。最終ウイルス調製物をPBS溶液において-80℃で保持した。ベクターの力価をリアルタイムPCRによって決定し、1ml当たりのベクターゲノム(vg/ml)として表した。3か月齢mdxマウスの前脛骨(TA)筋に1nmoleのPip6a-PMOオリゴヌクレオチド(GGCCAAACCTCGGCTTACCTGAAAT、配列番号11)を注射した(20)。加えて、1E+10又は1E+11vgを含有する50μlのAAV1-U7scr、AAV1-U7ex23、又はAAV1-MD1をC57BL/6(wt)又はmdx TAに注射した。AAV-GDF5を8週齢C57BL/6 TAに5E+10で注射した。対照として、8週齢C57/BL6マウスに同じ手順を使用してSCRA AAVベクターを注射した。マウスを注射の10又は12週間後に屠殺した。これらの動物実験は、Myology Research Center、Paris、Franceにおいて、倫理審査委員会によって承認されたガイドライン及びプロトコルに従って実施した。各実験につき1群当たり最低4匹のマウスに注射した。屠殺時、筋肉を回収し、液体窒素冷却イソペンタン中で急速凍結し、-80℃で保存した。
マウスへのAAVの注射の10週間後、坐骨神経を、ブプレノルフィン(vetergesic 1mg/Kg、皮下)を用いた全身麻酔(イソフルラン、3%誘導、2%維持)下で神経切除した(坐骨神経の5mm片の切除)。マウスを除神経の1、3、7、又は15日後に屠殺し、TAを切開、秤量し、その後、液体窒素において予め冷却したイソペンタン中で凍結し、組織学又は分子分析まで-80℃で保存した。
ゲノムDNAを、Puregene Bloodキット(Qiagen社)を使用してマウスの筋肉から抽出した。AAVゲノム及びゲノムDNAのコピー数を、Taqman(登録商標)Universal Master Mix(Applied Biosystems社)を使用したStepOnePlus(商標)(Applied Biosystems社)での絶対定量リアルタイムPCRによって100ngのゲノムDNAに関して測定した。プライマー(順方向:CTCCATCACTAGGGGTTCCTTG(配列番号3)及び逆方向:GTAGATAAGTAGCATGGC(配列番号4))、並びにプローブ(TAGTTAATGATTAACCC(配列番号5))を使用して、ウイルスゲノム配列を特異的に増幅した。参照試料として、pAAVプラスミドを10倍段階希釈した(107~101コピー)。全てのゲノムDNA試料を2連で分析した。
総RNAを、NucleoSpin(登録商標)RNA II(Macherey-Nagel社)を用いてマウスの筋肉から単離し、Superscript(商標)II及びランダムプライマー(Life technologies社)を使用することによって200ngのRNAに対して逆転写(RT)を実施した。スキッピングされていないジストロフィン転写物、及びスキッピングされたジストロフィン転写物をネステッドPCRによって検出し、記載の通りに定量した(9)。
総RNAを、TRizol(Life Technologies社)を製造業者の説明書に従って使用して、TA凍結切片から調製した。相補的DNAを、Superscript II逆転写酵素(Life Technologies社)を用いて生成するか、RT-PCRのためのPCR Master Mix(M7505、Promega社)を使用して増幅するか、又はリアルタイムqPCRによって分析した。リアルタイムqPCRを、Power SyberGreen PCR MasterMix(Applied Biosystems社)を使用したStepOne PlusリアルタイムPCRシステム(Applied Biosystems社)において実施した。全てのデータは、ΔΔCT法を使用して分析し、PO(マウス酸性リボソームリン酸化タンパク質)mRNA発現レベルに対して正規化した。mRNA倍率変化を算出するために基準とした試料を各パネルに示す。使用したプライマーを表にする。
タンパク質抽出物を、125mMスクロース、5mMトリス-HCl pH6.4、6%のXTトリシン泳動用緩衝液(Bio-Rad社)、10%SDS、10%グリセロール、5%β-メルカプトエタノールを用いて処理した、プールした筋肉切片から取得した。試料を、Pierce Compat-Able(商標)タンパク質アッセイ調製試薬セット(Thermo Scientific社)を用いて精製し、総タンパク質濃度を、Pierce BCAタンパク質アッセイキット(Thermo Scientific社)を用いて決定した。試料を95℃で5分間変性させ、100μgのタンパク質をCriterion XT酢酸トリスプレキャストゲル3~8%(Bio-Rad社)に添加した。膜を、ジストロフィンを対象とする一次モノクローナル抗体(NCL-DYS1、1:50、Leica Biosystems社;MANEX1011B、1:50、The Muscular Dystrophy Association Monoclonal Antibody Resourceから好意により寄贈された(38))及びα-アクチニン(1:1000、Sigma-Aldrich社)を用いてプロービングし、続いて、ヒツジ抗マウス二次抗体(西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼコンジュゲート;1:15000)及びPierce ECLウェスタンブロッティング基質(Thermo Scientific社)と共にインキュベートした。
12μmのTA切片を切断し、NCL-DYS2モノクローナル抗体(Leica Biosystems社)を使用してジストロフィン発現に関して検査した。Cavβ1 C末端のためのウサギポリクローナル抗体(AP16144b)をAbGent社から購入し、GDF5に対するマウスモノクローナルをSanta Cruz Biotechnologies社から取得した(SC-373744)。蛍光二次抗体であるヤギ抗ウサギ及びヤギ抗マウスをLife technologies社から購入した。
非治療ウイルスゲノム維持に対するAON前処置によるジストロフィン回復の効果
Mdx筋線維の筋細胞膜に一過性ジストロフィン発現を誘導するために、Mdx前脛骨(TA)筋に、11μgのPip6a-PMO、すなわちmdxエクソンスキッピングに特に効率的であるペプチド-ホスホロジアミデートモルホリノ(PPMO)アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドを注射した(20)。非治療AAV-U7scrベクター(非特異的スクランブル配列を保有)を同じ筋肉に、ジストロフィン救済が最適となる2週間後に高用量(1E+11ウイルスゲノム)で注射した(図1a)。本発明者らは、エクソンスキッピングを誘導することができず、それによってジストロフィン発現を救済することができないこれらのU7scrベクターが、3週間以内にジストロフィン欠損mdx筋から劇的に喪失することをこれまでに示した(13)。
U7ex23をコードするAAV1ベクター(AAV1-U7ex23)は、効率的なエクソン23スキッピング、したがって、mdx筋における準ジストロフィン救済を可能にする。AAV1-U7ex23を介した準ジストロフィン救済に対するAON前処置の利益を評価するために、11μgのPip6a-PMOアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドをmdx TAに注射し、2週間後にAAV1-U7ex23ベクターを注射した(図2a)。低ベクター用量(1E+10ウイルスゲノム)は弱い準ジストロフィン救済(正常レベルの5%未満)を可能にするため(13)、この用量を選択した。
AAV-マイクロジストロフィン遺伝子療法に対するAON前処置の有効性を評価するために、Pip6a-PMO AONをmdx TAに注射し、2週間後にマウスマイクロジストロフィン(MD1)を発現するAAV1-MD1ベクター(1E+10vg)を注射した(37)(図3a)。4週間後、強力なジストロフィン回復が、PPMO前処置によって誘導されたPPMO処置mdx TAにおいて観察された(図3c)。AAVゲノムコピー数及びマイクロジストロフィン発現は、PPMO/AAV1-MD1処置筋において、AAV1-MD1のみで処置した筋肉の3倍の大きさであり(図3b及び図3c)、AAV-マイクロジストロフィン遺伝子療法に対するPPMO前処置の利益を例証した。この実験は、AON前処置はDMDのためのAAVに基づく遺伝子療法の全てを増強することが可能であるという概念実証を確立する。
神経支配TAにCacnb1-E転写を誘導した(図4B、図4D、図4E)若齢TAにおいて、Cacnb1-D発現に影響を及ぼさずに(図4C)、GDF5をスクランブルと比較して過剰発現させた(図4A、図4D、図4E)。にもかかわらず、Id-1及びId-2転写によって確認されたGDF5過剰発現及びその活性化シグナル伝達(図4F、図4G)は、大半の場合、神経支配筋量を増加した(図4H~図4L)。
AAVゲノムは、確実にそのエピソーム性のために、AAV-U7媒介エクソンスキッピング療法中にジストロフィー筋から急速に喪失し、壊死/生成のサイクルを受けるジストロフィー筋肉線維の脆弱性は、異常に漏出性の膜を示し、加えてエクソソーム及び微小粒子の排泄の増加によって特徴付けられる(36)。本発明者らはここで、AAV-U7注射の時点での、PPMO前処置後の著しい(60%超)準ジストロフィン救済が、3週間後のmdx筋におけるウイルスゲノムの効率的な維持を可能にすることを示した。加えて、ウイルスゲノムのこの初期維持は、6か月後にAAV-U7による準ジストロフィン回復を、RNAレベルではおよそ6倍、タンパク質レベルではおよそ10倍向上する。
Claims (15)
- 筋疾患の処置における使用のための、GDF5経路活性化物質と、前記筋疾患の処置において使用するのに好適な少なくとも1つの他の有効成分とを含む組合せ物。
- GDF5経路活性化物質が、
ヒトGDF5等のGDF5をコードする遺伝子を含むベクター、又は
組換えヒトGDF5等の組換えGDF5
である、請求項1に記載の組合せ物。 - 少なくとも1つの他の有効成分が、(i)ジストロフィンpre-mRNAにエクソンスキッピングを誘導することが可能なアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド(AON)と、(ii)デュシェンヌ型筋ジストロフィー治療物をコードする、AAVベクター等のウイルスベクターとの組合せであり、前記成分(i)が成分(ii)を投与する前に投与される、デュシェンヌ型筋ジストロフィーの処置における使用のための、請求項1又は2に記載の組合せ物。
- 成分(ii)のウイルスベクターが、(a)ジストロフィンpre-mRNA内にエクソンスキッピングを誘導することができるアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドをコードするか、(b)ジストロフィン遺伝子編集手段をコードするか、又は(c)機能性ジストロフィンタンパク質をコードする、請求項3に記載の組合せ物。
- 前記AONが、ペプチド-ホスホロジアミデートモルホリノオリゴマー、特にPip6a-PMOオリゴマー等のホスホロジアミデートモルホリノオリゴマーである、請求項3又は4に記載の組合せ物。
- 成分(ii)の前記ウイルスベクターがU7-AONをコードする、請求項3から5のいずれか一項に記載の組合せ物。
- 成分(ii)の前記ウイルスベクターがミニ又はマイクロジストロフィン等の機能性短縮型ジストロフィンをコードする、請求項3から5のいずれか一項に記載の組合せ物。
- GDF5経路活性化物質が、
- 成分(i)の投与前、
- 成分(i)の投与中、
- 成分(i)の投与と成分(ii)の投与との間、
- 成分(ii)の投与中、又は
- 成分(ii)の投与後
に投与される、請求項3から7のいずれか一項に記載の組合せ物。 - 少なくとも1つの他の有効成分が、SOD1 pre-mRNAにエクソンスキッピングを誘導し、それによって未成熟停止コドンの成熟mRNAへの組込みを引き起こすことが可能なアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド(AON)である、筋萎縮性側索硬化症の処置における使用のための、請求項1又は2に記載の組合せ物。
- 少なくとも1つの他の有効成分が、SMN1又はSMN2遺伝子等の運動神経細胞生存タンパク質をコードする遺伝子を含むベクターである、請求項1又は2に記載の組合せ物。
- - GDF5経路活性化物質、及び
- 少なくとも1つの他の有効成分
を含むキット。 - 少なくとも1つの他の有効成分が、
- ジストロフィンpre-mRNAにエクソンスキッピングを誘導することが可能な単離されたAON、及び
- デュシェンヌ型筋ジストロフィー治療ウイルスベクター
を含む、請求項11に記載のキット。 - デュシェンヌ型筋ジストロフィーウイルスベクターが、
- ジストロフィンpre-mRNA内にエクソンスキッピングを誘導することができるアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドをコードするか、
- ジストロフィン遺伝子編集手段をコードするか、又は
- 機能性ジストロフィンタンパク質をコードする、
請求項12に記載のキット。 - GDF5経路活性化物質が、GDF5、特にヒトGDF5をコードする遺伝子を含む、プラスミド又はウイルスベクター等のベクター、特にウイルスベクター、より詳細にはAAVベクターである、請求項11から13のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
- GDF5経路活性化物質が組換えGDF5、特に組換えヒトGDF5である、請求項11から14のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
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