JP5573146B2 - 電気化学素子 - Google Patents
電気化学素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5573146B2 JP5573146B2 JP2009288586A JP2009288586A JP5573146B2 JP 5573146 B2 JP5573146 B2 JP 5573146B2 JP 2009288586 A JP2009288586 A JP 2009288586A JP 2009288586 A JP2009288586 A JP 2009288586A JP 5573146 B2 JP5573146 B2 JP 5573146B2
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 254
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 218
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 64
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 55
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- -1 tetrafluoroborate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007614 solvation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IRGDPGYNHSIIJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1C IRGDPGYNHSIIJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 110
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 47
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical group [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 42
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 36
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 23
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- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000000329 molecular dynamics simulation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 10
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004776 molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000004043 oxo group Chemical group O=* 0.000 description 4
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910021470 non-graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 239000003232 water-soluble binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
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- OSNIIMCBVLBNGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(dimethylamino)propan-1-one Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)C(=O)C1=CC=C2OCOC2=C1 OSNIIMCBVLBNGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017008 AsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000000278 Syzygium polyanthum Species 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011335 coal coke Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011331 needle coke Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical class CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/24—Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/34—Carbon-based characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/62—Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solute, e.g. salts, anions or cations therein
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/60—Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solvent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
- Y10T428/24298—Noncircular aperture [e.g., slit, diamond, rectangular, etc.]
- Y10T428/24314—Slit or elongated
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
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- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
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Description
次に、分子動力学シミュレーション(以下、MDシミュレーション)を用いた、活性炭のスリット細孔内のイオン伝導度の解析方法と、その結果について説明する。
次に、本実施例における電気二重層キャパシタのDCRの測定方法と結果について説明する。
次に、MDシミュレーションを用いて、本実施例のリチウムイオンキャパシタに用いる活性炭のスリット細孔内のイオン伝導度の解析方法と、その結果について説明する。
次に、本実施例のDCRの測定方法と結果について説明する。
2、11 正極
2a、3a、11a、12a 集電体
2b、3b、11b、12b 電極層
3、12 負極
4 セパレータ
5a、5b リード部
6 外装ケース
7 封口部材
8、10 電解液
Claims (11)
- 活性炭と電解液を少なくとも備えた電気化学素子であって、1.0nm≦W1<W2≦2.0nmであるW1とW2に対して、
前記活性炭のMPによりより得られるスリット幅がW1以上かつW2以下である細孔容積の総和が、同スリット幅が2.0nm以下である細孔容積の総和の15パーセント以上であり、
前記電解液に含まれるカチオンとアニオンおよび溶媒のファンデルワールス分子直径をそ
れぞれLcとLaおよびLsとし、
前記カチオンと前記アニオンおよび前記溶媒のファンデルワールス分子の最大幅をそれぞれLmax(c)とLmax(a)およびLmax(s)とし、
Lc、La、Ls、Lmax(c)、Lmax(a)、Lmax(s)の最大値を前記W1とし、
(Lc+La)、(Lc+Ls)、(La+Ls)、(Lmax(c)+Lmax(a))、(Lmax(c)+Lmax(s))、(Lmax(a)+Lmax(s))の最小値を前記W2とした電気化学素子。 - 前記活性炭のMP法により得られるスリット幅が前記W2以下である細孔容積の総和が0.9ml/g以上である、請求項1に記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記W2が1.1nmである、請求項2に記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記カチオンとして1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリウムを有し、前記アニオンとしてテトラフルオロボレートを有し、前記溶媒として少なくともプロピレンカーボネートを有する請求項1に記載の電気化学素子。
- 活性炭と電解液を少なくとも備えた電気化学素子に使用される活性炭であって、1.0nm≦W1<W2≦2.0nmであるW1とW2に対して、
前記活性炭のMPによりより得られるスリット幅がW1以上かつW2以下である細孔容積の総和が、同スリット幅が2.0nm以下である細孔容積の総和の15パーセント以上であり、
前記電解液に含まれるカチオンが、カチオンの溶媒和クラスタを形成し、カチオンの溶媒和クラスタとアニオンおよび溶媒のファンデルワールス分子直径をそれぞれLcとLaおよびLsとし、このカチオンの溶媒和クラスタと前記アニオン及び前記溶媒のファンデルワールス分子の最大幅をそれぞれLmax(c)とLmax(a)およびLmax(s)とし、Lc、La、Ls、Lmax(c)、Lmax(a)、Lmax(s)の最大値を前記W1とし、
前記W2が2.0nmである電気化学素子。 - 前記W1が1.3nmである、請求項6に記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記アニオンとしてテトラフルオロボレート、ヘキサフルオロフォスフェートのうち少な
くとも一つを含有した請求項6に記載の電気化学素子。 - 前記カチオンとしてリチウムを含有し、前記アニオンにテトラフルオロボレート、ヘキサフルオロフォスフェートのうち少なくとも一つを含有し、前記溶媒としてエチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネートのうち少なくとも一つを含有した請求項6に記載の電気化学素子。
- 正極と、
負極と、
カチオンとアニオンと溶媒を含む電解液と、
前記正極、前記負極および前記電解液を収納するケースとを少なくとも備え、
前記正極と前記負極の少なくとも一方が、請求項1に記載の活性炭および電解液を有する電気化学素子。 - 正極と、
負極と、
カチオンとアニオンと溶媒を含む電解液と、
前記正極、前記負極および前記電解液を収納するケースとを少なくとも備え、
前記正極と前記負極の少なくとも一方が、請求項6に記載の活性炭および電解液を有する電気化学素子。
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US13/517,360 US20120255858A1 (en) | 2009-12-21 | 2010-12-14 | Activated carbon for electrochemical element and electrochemical element using the same |
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