JP5424661B2 - 多孔質濾過膜用微孔形成剤、これを配合してなる多孔質濾過膜用樹脂組成物、及び多孔質濾過膜の製造方法 - Google Patents
多孔質濾過膜用微孔形成剤、これを配合してなる多孔質濾過膜用樹脂組成物、及び多孔質濾過膜の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5424661B2 JP5424661B2 JP2009017964A JP2009017964A JP5424661B2 JP 5424661 B2 JP5424661 B2 JP 5424661B2 JP 2009017964 A JP2009017964 A JP 2009017964A JP 2009017964 A JP2009017964 A JP 2009017964A JP 5424661 B2 JP5424661 B2 JP 5424661B2
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- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005337 ground glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PXDJXZJSCPSGGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid hexadecyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC PXDJXZJSCPSGGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAKXLTNAJLFSQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecyl tetradecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC QAKXLTNAJLFSQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005661 hydrophobic surface Effects 0.000 description 1
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- XUGNVMKQXJXZCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropyl palmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)C XUGNVMKQXJXZCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940113915 isostearyl palmitate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940094506 lauryl betaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GIWKOZXJDKMGQC-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead(2+);naphthalene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Pb+2].C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21.C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21 GIWKOZXJDKMGQC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FMMOOAYVCKXGMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N linoleic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC FMMOOAYVCKXGMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004668 long chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- ZYNDJIBBPLNPOW-KHPPLWFESA-N methyl erucate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC ZYNDJIBBPLNPOW-KHPPLWFESA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYDYPVFESGNLHU-KHPPLWFESA-N methyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC QYDYPVFESGNLHU-KHPPLWFESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940073769 methyl oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940078812 myristyl myristate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DVEKCXOJTLDBFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-dodecyl-n,n-dimethylglycinate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O DVEKCXOJTLDBFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NKBWPOSQERPBFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC NKBWPOSQERPBFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UPHWVVKYDQHTCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecylazanium;acetate Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN UPHWVVKYDQHTCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSCKTBJJRVPGKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCCCCCC[O-].CCCCCCCC[O-].CCCCCCCC[O-].CCCCCCCC[O-] KSCKTBJJRVPGKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYZUSRORWSJGET-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC YYZUSRORWSJGET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIGMITQLXAGZTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCC IIGMITQLXAGZTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000259 polyoxyethylene lauryl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001818 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- DQVOTEHORLHPRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl decanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC=C DQVOTEHORLHPRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEIOPEQGDSYOIH-MURFETPASA-N propan-2-yl (9z,12z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoate Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)C XEIOPEQGDSYOIH-MURFETPASA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- DZKXJUASMGQEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl tetradecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC DZKXJUASMGQEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
Description
本発明は、上記問題を解決し、酸で容易に除去でき廃液処理の問題もない多孔質濾過膜用微孔形成剤、該微孔形成剤等を配合した多孔質濾過膜用樹脂組成物、及び樹脂組成物からなる膜から微孔形成剤、又は微孔形成剤と有機液状体を除去することにより、膜性能、膜強度、生産コストの軽減等、優れた性能や特徴を有する多孔質濾過膜を提供するものである。
1.8≦Oa≦4 (ml/100m2 )
の範囲内である多孔質濾過膜用微孔形成剤である。
Oa={微孔形成剤の吸油量(ml/100g) }/Sw(m2 /g )
Sw :窒素吸着法によるBET比表面積(m2 /g)
D50:レーザー回折式(マイクロトラックFRA)における粒度分布において、大きな粒子側から起算した重量累計50%平均粒子径(μm)
また、本発明の多孔質濾過膜用微孔形成剤は、硝酸、塩酸等の酸性水溶液中で短時間で膜から除去できるので、廃液処理等の問題もなく、生産性が良好でコスト的にも有利である。
1.8≦Oa≦4 (ml/100m2 )
の範囲内であることを特徴とする。
また、原料である石灰石においては不純物に留意して選択することが好ましい。従って、焼成時の燃料としては一般にコークスや重油、軽油、灯油等が使用されているが、コスト的に許される限り、不純物が少ないという観点から、焼成には軽油や灯油を使用することが好ましい。
なお、空気分級をはじめ、乾燥工程で使用する空気や工程中での空気輸送などにおいて、大気中のホコリや塵(カーボンや微細金属)も、絶縁性を目的とした用途の場合には悪影響を与える要因となるため、各種フィルター等で除去する等の対策を施すことも効果的である。
(a)0.3≦D50≦1.5(μm)
(b)Da≦20(μm)
(c)3≦Sw≦60(m2 /g )
(d)1≦As≦4(mg/m2 )
(e)1.8≦Oa≦4(ml/100 m2)
但し、
D50:レーザー回折式(マイクロトラックFRA)における粒度分布において、大きな粒子側から起算した重量累計50%平均粒子径(μm)
Da :レーザー回折式(マイクロトラックFRA)における粒度分布において、最大粒子径(μm)
Sw :窒素吸着法によるBET比表面積(m2 /g)
As :次式により算出される単位比表面積当たりの熱減量:
{200℃〜500℃の微孔形成剤1g当たりの熱減量(mg/g)}/Sw(g/m2 )
Oa :次式により算出される吸油率:
{微孔形成剤の吸油量(ml/100 g) }/Sw(m2 /g )
上記(a)、(b)式は、本発明の微孔形成剤の分散状態を知る指標になるものである。
なお、平均粒子径(D50)及び最大粒子径(Da)の測定方法を下記に示す。
<測定方法>
マイクロトラックFRA(レーザー回折式粒度分布計)を用い、測定に用いる媒体としてメタノールを用いる。測定する前に、本発明の微孔形成剤試料の懸濁化を一定にするため、前処理として超音波分散機(日本精機製作所製)を使用し、300 μAで60秒間の一定条件で予備分散する。
前記した如く、表面処理剤量は炭酸カルシウム粒子の比表面積や表面処理剤の種類等によって異なるため、表面処理率(As)も一概に規定できないが、通常、1〜4mg/m2 であることが好ましい。表面処理率(As)が1mg/m2 未満では十分な分散効果が得られない場合があり、一方、4mg/m2 超えても、更なる効果向上が得られにくいばかりか、表面処理剤過多により表面処理剤成分が樹脂成分へ遊離する原因になる場合がある。従って、より好ましくは、1.5〜3.5mg/m2 、更に好ましくは2.0〜3.0mg/m2 である。
なお、表面処理率(As)の測定方法を下記に示す。
<測定方法>
熱天秤(リガク社製TG−8110型)にて、直径10mmで0.5mlの白金製容器に本発明の微孔形成剤試料100mgを入れ、15℃/分の昇温速度で昇温して200℃から500℃までの熱減量を測定し、微孔形成剤、即ち、表面処理した疎水化炭酸カルシウム粒子1g当りの熱減量率(mg/g)を求め、この値をBET比表面積で除して求める。
<測定方法>
本発明の微孔形成剤試料5gを中央がスリガラスになった吸油量測定専用のガラス板上にとり、酸価0.3〜0.6のアマニ油を用いJISK5101−19に準拠して測定する。
アマニ油量の終点は、試料がガラス板に粘りつく直前とし、吸油量は次式で求めることができ、この値を、BET比表面積で除して吸油率(Oa)を求める。
吸油量(ml/100 g) =アマニ油の量(ml)/微孔形成剤試料の質量(g)
これらの中でもポリフッ化ビニリデンで代表されるフッ素系樹脂が、耐薬品性、耐光性、耐熱性、耐寒性などに優れており好適である。
なお、ポリフッ化ビニリデン樹脂は、フッ化ビニリデン単独重合体及びフッ化ビニリデン共重合体が挙げられる。フッ化ビニリデン共重合体としては、フッ化ビニリデンと四フッ化エチレン、六フッ化プロピレン、三フッ化塩化エチレン、エチレンから選ばれた1種以上との共重合体であるものが用いられる。これらは混合して用いても何ら差し支えないが、好ましくはフッ化ビニリデン単独重合体が用いられる。
尚、以下の記載において、%、部は特に断らない限り、それぞれ重量%、重量部を意味する。
次に、界面活性剤(A) として脂肪酸石鹸(商品名:ノンサールSK−1;日本油脂社製)と、キレート化合物(B)としてヘキサメタリン酸ナトリウム(太平化学産業製)を、炭酸カルシウム固形分に対して各々3.5 %と1.2 %を表面処理し、表面処理炭酸カルシウムスラリーを得た。
その後、脱水・乾燥・解砕し、更に得られた乾粉を精密空気分級機(ターボクラシファイヤ)で分級を行い、疎水化炭酸カルシウム粒子からなる微孔形成剤を得た。得られた微孔形成剤の物性を表1に示す。
次に、界面活性剤(A) として脂肪酸石鹸(商品名:ノンサールSK−1;日本油脂社製)と、キレート化合物(B)としてポリカルボン酸系界面活性剤(商品名:AKM−0531;日本油脂社製)を、炭酸カルシウム固形分に対して各々6.0 %と1.5 %を表面処理し、表面処理炭酸カルシウムスラリーを得た。
その後、脱水・乾燥・解砕し、更に得られた乾粉を精密空気分級機(ターボクラシファイヤ)で分級を行い、疎水化炭酸カルシウム粒子からなる微孔形成剤を得た。得られた微孔形成剤の各種物性を表1に示す。
得られた濾過膜用樹脂組成物を2軸押出機にて中空糸状に成形した後、中空糸状成形物を60℃の1,1,1-トリクロロエタン中に1時間入れ、フタル酸ジオクチルを抽出除去した後、50%のエチルアルコール水溶液に30分入れ、水中に移して30分入れて中空糸状成形物を親水化した。次に、中空糸状成形物を20%の硝酸水溶液に30分入れ微孔形成剤を溶解除去した後、水洗及び乾燥した。得られた中空糸状多孔質濾過膜の物性を表2示す。
(1)空孔率(%)
空孔率(%)=100×[湿潤膜重量(g)−乾燥膜重量(g)]/ 水比重(g/cm3)/ 膜体積(cm3 )
膜体積(cm3 )=π×{[外径(cm)/ 2]2 −[内径(cm)/ 2]2 }×膜長(cm)
(2)平均孔径(μm)
ハーフドライ法で測定した。測定条件は、エタノール、25℃環境下、昇圧速度0.001MPa/秒。
平均孔径(μm )=[2860×表面張力(mN/m)]/ ハーフドライ空気圧力(Pa)
エタノール25℃の表面張力=21.97mN/m
(3)最大孔径(μm )
バブルポイント法で測定した。ハーフドライ法での膜から気泡が出てくる時の圧力(気泡発生空気圧力)から求める。
最大孔径(μm )=62834.2/ 気泡発生空気圧力(Pa)
(4)透水率(L/m2・hr)
25℃環境下、0.1MPa の圧力で25℃の純粋を内部に注入し、透過してくる透水量を測定した。
透水率(L/m2・hr)=透水量(L)/ π×膜内径(m)×膜有効長(m)×測定時間(hr)
(5)引張破断強度(MPa)、引張破断伸度(%)
引張試験機(島津製作所:オートグラフAG−I型)を用い、チャック間距離50mm、引張速度200mm/ 分、25℃環境下で測定した。
引張破断強度(MPa)=破断時荷重(N)/ 破断面積(m2)
引張破断伸度(%)=100×破断時変位(mm)/ 50(mm)
濾過膜の用途においては、引張破断強度は大きく、引張破断伸度は膜の孔径の安定性から小さい方が好ましい。
(6)屈曲破断回数
ASTM−D2176の準拠し中空糸状多孔質濾過膜試料を100mmの長さに切り取り、その下端部末端をヒートシールにより約10mmに亘って封止した後、下端部をエポキシ樹脂で浸透硬化させ、下端が10mm×20mm×高さ8mmに亘って硬度が98のエポキ樹脂で固定された屈曲破断試料を得た。この屈曲破断試料について、屈曲試験装置(東洋精機株式会社製,MIT−D)を用い、0.136MPa の一定応力印加下での屈曲破断回数を測定した。濾過膜の性能としては、屈曲破断回数が大きい程耐久性が良好で好ましい。
得られた濾過膜用樹脂組成物を、2軸押出機にて中空糸状に成形した後、中空糸状成形物を20%の硝酸水溶液に30分入れ微孔形成剤を溶解除去した後、水洗及び乾燥した。得られた中空糸状多孔質濾過膜の物性を表2示す。孔径が小さくなったことによる透水性の低下が見られるが、引張破断強度は大きく、また引張破断伸度は小さくなり、これらの物性の向上が認められる。
Claims (6)
- 炭酸カルシウム粒子が、飽和脂肪酸、不飽和脂肪酸、それらのアルカリ金属塩、アンモニウム塩から選ばれる少なくとも1種の界面活性剤(A)と、縮合リン酸、そのアルカリ金属塩、ホスホン酸、ポリカルボン酸、それらのアルカリ金属塩、アンモニウム塩から選ばれる少なくとも1種の、アルカリ土類金属に対してキレート能を有する化合物(B)とで表面処理された疎水化炭酸カルシウム粒子からなり、重量累計50%平均粒子径D50が0.3≦D50≦1.5(μm)の範囲内であり、下記式により算出される吸油率Oaが
1.8≦Oa≦4 (ml/100m2 )
の範囲内であることを特徴とする多孔質濾過膜用微孔形成剤。
Oa={微孔形成剤の吸油量(ml/100g) }/Sw(m2 /g )
Sw :窒素吸着法によるBET比表面積(m2 /g)
D50:レーザー回折式(マイクロトラックFRA)における粒度分布において、大きな粒子側から起算した重量累計50%平均粒子径(μm) - 請求項1記載の微孔形成剤20〜80重量%と、合成樹脂10〜50重量%と、有機液状体0〜35重量%を含有することを特徴とする多孔質濾過膜用樹脂組成物。
- 合成樹脂がポリフッ化ビニリデン樹脂であることを特徴とする請求項2記載の多孔質濾過膜用樹脂組成物。
- 有機液状体がフタル酸ジエチル、フタル酸ジブチル、フタル酸ジオクチル、フタル酸ジイソノニルよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種のフタル酸エステルであることを特徴とする請求項2又は3記載の多孔質濾過膜用樹脂組成物。
- 請求項2〜4のいずれか1項に記載の樹脂組成物を溶融成形して膜を得、次いで該膜から微孔形成剤と有機液状体を除去することを特徴とする多孔質濾過膜の製造方法。
- 微孔形成剤を酸で除去することを特徴とする請求項5記載の多孔質濾過膜の製造方法。
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