JP5388580B2 - ヒトの健康に関する残差ベースの管理 - Google Patents
ヒトの健康に関する残差ベースの管理 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5388580B2 JP5388580B2 JP2008543413A JP2008543413A JP5388580B2 JP 5388580 B2 JP5388580 B2 JP 5388580B2 JP 2008543413 A JP2008543413 A JP 2008543413A JP 2008543413 A JP2008543413 A JP 2008543413A JP 5388580 B2 JP5388580 B2 JP 5388580B2
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Description
SBMの自動連想的形式は、
1.各端部で境界を画されたスカラ範囲内にあり、
2.2つのベクトルが同一である場合には、境界を画された端部の一方の端部の値を有し、
3.スカラ範囲にわたって単調に変化し、
4.2つのベクトルアプローチが同一であるときに増加する絶対値を有する。
瞬間心拍数(Instantaneous Heart Rate)−直前のQRSピークからの時間、または次のQRSピークまでの時間。
「最高」血圧(Blood Pressure “Systolic”)−ECGの現在のQRSピークから次の(または直前の)QRSピークまでのウィンドウ(window)における、連続血圧測定デバイス(カテーテル挿入型または非観血式(non-invasive))からの最高血圧の読取値。
「最低」血圧(Blood Pressure “Diastolic”)−ECGの現在のQRSピークから次の(または直前の)QRSピークまでのウィンドウにおける、連続血圧測定デバイス(カテーテル挿入型または非観血式(non-invasive))からの最低血圧の読取値。
「最高」血圧のラグ(“Systolic” BP Lag)−連続BP(血圧)測定センサからの血圧信号のQRSピークと次の「収縮(systolic)」(すなわち最高(highest))ピークとの間の時間。
「最低」血圧のラグ(“Diastolic” BP Lag)−連続BP(血圧)測定センサからの血圧信号のQRSピークと次の「拡張(diastolic)」(すなわち最低(lowest))ピークとの間の時間。
酸素飽和度ピーク(Oxygen Saturation Peak)(Ebb)−現在のQRSピークと次のQRSピークとの間の酸素飽和度(SpO2)の最高(最低)測定値。
温度(Temperature)−あるQRSピークから次のQRSピークまでのウィンドウにわたる温度センサの平均値、最大値、最小値、またはメジアン値。
瞬間呼吸速度(Instantaneous Respiration Rate)−ある完全な呼吸から次の呼吸までの時間。
心拍数(Heart beat count)−ある完全な呼吸中の心拍の数。
酸素化ラグ(Oxygenation lag)−呼吸サイクルのあるポイント、例えば吸入の終了と、例えば酸素濃度計からの血液酸素化信号のピークとの間のタイムラグ。
ウィンドウでの呼吸速度(Windowed Respiration Rate)−QRSピーク間隔(RR間隔としても知られる)によって定義される直前のm個のウィンドウにわたって測定される呼吸速度。値は、現在のQRSピークイベントに適合させた観察値に起因する。呼吸速度は、瞬間(現在の呼吸の周期)のもの、または平均化したものとすることができる。呼吸速度がm個のウィンドウ全体のスパンより長い場合、その呼吸サイクルの完全な呼吸速度の推定値を、部分的なサイクルから外挿(extrapolation)によって生成することができる。
ウィンドウでの呼吸の深さ(Windowed Respiration Depth)−QRSピーク間隔によって定義される直前のm個のウィンドウにわたって測定される呼気の最大量。値は、現在のQRSピークイベントに適合させた観察値に起因する。
心拍数変動(SDNNタイプ)−QRSピーク間隔によって定義される直前のm個のウィンドウにわたる瞬間心拍数の分散または標準偏差。m個のウィンドウの1つずつが瞬間心拍数を有し、分散または標準偏差は、m個全ての値にわたって計算される。
心拍数変動(RMSSDタイプ)−直前のm個のウィンドウにわたる瞬間心拍数(または、心拍周期)の連続する差の二乗の和の平方根。
1回換気量(または分時換気量)−(瞬間、またはウィンドウ、例えば1分間の平均/累積の)吐き出される空気または吸入される空気の量の基準。
CO2−吐き出される二酸化炭素の量、分圧、または濃度の測定値。
ピーク吸気圧力(Peak Inspiratory Pressure)−吸気サイクル中に人工呼吸器によって適用される最大圧力。
呼気終末陽圧(Positive End Expiratory Pressure)−呼気の終了時のベースライン陽圧。このパラメータは、ローカライズ変数として特に有用である可能性がある。
FIO2−吸入された空気中の酸素濃度、典型的にはパーセンテージ。この変数も、ローカライズ変数として特に有用である可能性がある。
PIF、PEF−空気のピーク吸気流/呼気流。
気道抵抗−陽圧換気に対する肺の抵抗の基準。
体重−被験者/患者のスケール測定された体重。
血中グルコースレベル−血液の小滴をサンプリングし、血液のグルコースレベルを測定する器具、または光学測定値から血中のグルコースレベルの判定を行う器具。
活動(Activity)−加速度計(accelerometer)を使用して、患者の運動の量を測定することがある。場合によっては、加速度計を取り付けて、特定の方向(例えば、上下対横)の運動を提供することができる。
周囲温度の差-外気と皮膚または周辺との間の温度の差の基準。
汗−被験者が発汗している度合いの基準。
Claims (20)
- ヒトの健康状態のモニタリング方法であって、コンピュータが、
前記ヒトから複数のバイタルサインの観察値を取得するステップであって、各バイタルサインは、生体信号の直接センサ測定値、または該直接センサ測定値のコンピュータ変換値である、ステップと、
前記取得した観察値が少なくとも1つの活動状態の特徴を示すかどうかをテストするステップと、
既知の健康状態下で前記少なくとも1つの活動状態における前記複数のバイタルサインの少なくとも一部のバイタルサインの動作の特徴を示すカーネルベースのモデルを、コンピュータメモリに提供するステップであって、前記カーネルベースのモデルは、前記複数のバイタルサインの格納された標本観察値のセットを備え、2つの同一のベクトルの比較に使用されるときに最大絶対値を有する出力を生成する少なくとも1つのカーネル演算を利用する、ステップと、
前記取得した観察値が前記少なくとも1つの活動状態の特徴を示すとき、前記標本観察値の少なくとも一部の線形結合を使用する前記カーネルベースのモデルを用いて、前記複数のバイタルサインのうちの少なくとも1つバイタルサインの推定値を計算するステップであって、前記標本観察値の少なくとも一部の線形結合は、少なくとも前記標本観察値を前記取得した観察値と比較するカーネル演算の結果から得られる、ステップと、
前記推定値を、前記取得した観察値内の前記複数のバイタルサインのうちの前記少なくとも1つのバイタルサインに対応する測定値と比較し、比較結果から、前記ヒトの健康状態の判定を行うのにコンピュータによって自動的にテストされる少なくとも1つの残差値を取得するステップと
を実行することを特徴とするモニタリング方法。 - 前記少なくとも1つの活動状態は、休憩状態を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のモニタリング方法。
- 前記休憩状態は、規則的な呼吸の中断が存在しないことによって特徴付けられることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のモニタリング方法。
- 前記複数のバイタルサインの観察値は、前記標本観察値のサブセットを使用して前記推定値が計算されるように、前記カーネルベースのモデルをローカライズするのに使用されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のモニタリング方法。
- 前記サブセットは、前記観察値を前記標本観察値と比較するカーネルベースの比較によって決定されることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のモニタリング方法。
- 前記比較は、前記ヒトの健康状態の前記判定を行うために少なくとも1つのしきい値と比較される、残差値をもたらすことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のモニタリング方法。
- 前記カーネルベースのモデルは、相似性ベースのモデルであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のモニタリング方法。
- 前記カーネルベースのモデルは、カーネル回帰推定であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のモニタリング方法。
- 前記複数のバイタルサインは、心拍変動の測定値、呼吸活動と該呼吸活動の結果である血中酸素の変化との間のタイムラグの測定値、QRSイベントと次の血圧イベントとの間のタイムラグの測定値、外気温と身体の或る位置の体温との差の測定値、および呼吸の深さの測定値のうちの少なくとも1つを含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のモニタリング方法。
- 前記カーネルベースのモデルは、ベクトルとして扱われる多変数の入力観察値間のベクトル差のノルムに基づいて、出力値を決定することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のモニタリング方法。
- 前記カーネルベースのモデルは、多変数の入力観察値の類似の要素間の個々の差に基づいて、出力値を決定することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のモニタリング方法。
- 前記複数のバイタルサインの前記標本観察値のセットは、モニタリングされている前記ヒトが属するヒトベースラインクラスの特徴を示す観察値を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のモニタリング方法。
- 前記ヒトベースラインクラスは、年齢の測定値、体重の測定値、性別、および医学的状態を含むセットのうちの少なくとも1つによって分類されることを特徴とする請求項12に記載のモニタリング方法。
- モニタリングされているヒトの複数のバイタルサインの入力観察値を提供するためのデータフィードであって、各バイタルサインは、生体信号の直接センサ測定値、または該直接センサ測定値のコンピュータ変換値である、該データフィードと、
前記データフィードからの入力観察値が少なくとも1つの活動状態の特徴を示すかどうかをテストし、少なくとも1つの活動状態の特徴を示さない入力観察値を除去するための状態認識ソフトウェアモジュールと、
既知の健康状態下で前記少なくとも1つの活動状態における前記複数のバイタルサインのうちの少なくとも一部のバイタルサインの動作の特徴を示し、前記複数のバイタルサインの格納された標本観察値のセットを備え、2つの同一のベクトルの比較に使用されるときに最大絶対値を有する出力を生成する少なくとも1つのカーネル演算を利用するカーネルベースモデリングのソフトウェアモジュールであって、前記状態認識ソフトウェアモジュールから入力観察値を受信し、少なくとも前記標本観察値を前記受信した入力観察値と比較するカーネル演算の結果から得られた前記標本観察値の少なくとも一部の線形結合を使用して前記複数のバイタルサインのうちの少なくとも1つバイタルサインの推定値を生成する、カーネルベースモデリングのソフトウェアモジュールと、
前記推定値を、前記入力観察値内の前記複数のバイタルサインのうちの前記少なくとも1つバイタルサインに対応する測定値と比較して残差を生成し、その結果から前記ヒトの健康状態の判定を行うように配置された残差分析ソフトウェアモジュールと
を備えたことを特徴とする、ヒトの健康状態をモニタリングするためのシステム。 - 前記データフィードは、病院の集中治療室内で前記モニタリングされているヒトの複数のセンサから入力観察値を取得し、前記複数のバイタルサインの前記標本観察値のセットは、前記モニタリングされているヒトが属するヒトベースラインクラスの特徴を示す観察値を含むことを特徴とする請求項14に記載のシステム。
- 前記ヒトベースラインクラスは少なくとも、年齢の測定値、体重の測定値、性別、および医学的状態を含むセットのうちの少なくとも1つによって分類されることを特徴とする請求項15に記載のシステム。
- 前記データフィードは、前記モニタリングされているヒトによって携行される携帯型の装置に取り付けられた複数のセンサからの入力観察値を、前記携帯型の装置から(a)インターネット、および(b)携帯通信ネットワークを含むセットのうちの少なくとも1つを介した伝送によって取得し、前記複数のバイタルサインの前記標本観察値のセットは、前記モニタリングされているヒトから、既知の健康状態下で以前に取得された観察値の少なくとも一部を含むことを特徴とする請求項14に記載のシステム。
- 前記残差分析ソフトウェアモジュールは、残差を少なくとも1つのしきい値でテストし、残差しきい値に基づいてウェブページのインターフェースに超過の通知を提供するようにさらに配置され、
(a)超過をモニタリングし、調査している状況、(b)超過が却下される状況、および(c)超過が確認される状況を含む、複数の状況のうちの少なくとも1つに対応するように医療スタッフが超過に注釈を付けることを可能にする、注釈データベースモジュールをさらに備えたことを特徴とする請求項14に記載のシステム。 - 前記複数のバイタルサインの格納された前記標本観察値のセットを、入力観察値を含むように更新するための適合ソフトウェアモジュールをさらに備えたことを特徴とする請求項14に記載のシステム。
- ヒトの健康状態のモニタリング方法であって、コンピュータが、
前記ヒトから、心拍変動の測定値、呼吸活動と該呼吸活動の結果である血中酸素の変化との間のタイムラグの測定値、QRSイベントと次の血圧イベントとの間のタイムラグの測定値、外気温と身体の或る位置の体温との差の測定値、および呼吸の深さの測定値のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、複数のバイタルサインの観察値を取得するステップであって、バイタルサインは、生体信号の直接センサ測定値、または該直接センサ測定値のコンピュータ変換値である、ステップと、
既知の健康状態下で前記複数のバイタルサインの少なくとも一部のバイタルサインの動作の特徴を示すカーネルベースのモデルを、コンピュータメモリに提供するステップであって、前記カーネルベースのモデルは、前記複数のバイタルサインの格納された標本観察値のセットを備え、2つの同一のベクトルの比較に使用されるときに最大絶対値を有する出力を生成する少なくとも1つのカーネル演算を利用する、ステップと、
前記標本観察値の少なくとも一部の線形結合を使用する前記カーネルベースのモデルを用いて、前記複数のバイタルサインのうちの少なくとも1つバイタルサインの推定値を計算するステップであって、前記標本観察値の少なくとも一部の線形結合は、少なくとも前記標本観察値を前記取得した観察値と比較するカーネル演算の結果から得られる、ステップと、
前記推定値を、前記取得した観察値内の前記複数のバイタルサインのうちの前記少なくとも1つのバイタルサインに対応する測定値と比較し、比較結果から、前記ヒトの健康状態の判定を行うのにコンピュータによって自動的にテストされる少なくとも1つの残差値を取得するステップと
を実行することを特徴とするモニタリング方法。
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US10722179B2 (en) | 2020-07-28 |
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