JP5345530B2 - 還元剤としてのアンモニアの使用下でリーンバーンエンジンの排ガス中の窒素酸化物を還元するための構造化scr触媒 - Google Patents
還元剤としてのアンモニアの使用下でリーンバーンエンジンの排ガス中の窒素酸化物を還元するための構造化scr触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5345530B2 JP5345530B2 JP2009518729A JP2009518729A JP5345530B2 JP 5345530 B2 JP5345530 B2 JP 5345530B2 JP 2009518729 A JP2009518729 A JP 2009518729A JP 2009518729 A JP2009518729 A JP 2009518729A JP 5345530 B2 JP5345530 B2 JP 5345530B2
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 165
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 151
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 84
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims description 80
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 42
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 115
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 111
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten trioxide Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005502 peroxidation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 7
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- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 urea Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
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- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DZKDPOPGYFUOGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten dioxide Inorganic materials O=[W]=O DZKDPOPGYFUOGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
この比較例においては、鉄交換されたゼオライトをベースとする慣例のSCR触媒の変換プロフィールを試験した。そのような触媒は、典型的に300℃を上回る温度で最大変換率を有する変換プロフィールを示す。以下でVK1と称すこの比較触媒を製造するために、鉄交換されたゼオライトから成る触媒活性コーティング6.4gを、不活性のセラミックハニカム体上に施与した。該ハニカム体の体積は0.04lであった。それは、0.17mmの壁厚でcm2当たり62個のセルを有していた。
この比較例においては、銅交換されたゼオライトをベースとする慣例のSCR触媒の変換プロフィールを試験した。そのような触媒は、本出願人の経験によれば、銅の比較的高い酸化作用に基づき、一般に350℃を下回る温度で変換プロフィールを示す。以下でVK2と称すこの比較触媒を製造するために、銅交換されたゼオライトから成る触媒活性コーティング10gを、不活性のセラミックハニカム体上に施与した。該ハニカム体の体積は0.04lであった。それは、0.17mmの壁厚でcm2当たり62個のセルを有していた。
垂直の材料帯域配置を有する、2つの本発明による構造化SCR触媒の変換プロフィールおよび老化挙動を試験した。該触媒を製造するために、2つの材料帯域から成る触媒活性コーティングを、不活性セラミックハニカム担体上に施与した。このために、該ハニカム体にまず、比較例2からの触媒VK2に相当する銅交換されたゼオライトからの材料帯域を備え付け、かつ該コーティングの接着をより良好なものとするために500℃で2時間のあいだ空気中で焼成した。引き続き、比較例1からのVK1に相当する鉄交換されたゼオライトから成る別の材料帯域を施与した。このように、図3Aに相当する垂直の材料帯域配置を有し、かつ0.04lの触媒体積を有する2つの本発明による触媒を製造した。両触媒は、cm2当たり62個のセルのセル数および0.17mmの壁厚を有していた。この2つの本発明による触媒の本質的な違いは、次の表中に記載された材料帯域の量比にあった。
この実施例においては、図3Dの中で示されているように、材料帯域の水平配置を有する本発明による触媒を試験した。そのために、0.17mmの壁厚を有し、0.04lの体積およびcm2当たり62個のセルのセル数を有する不活性セラミックハニカム体に、2つの材料帯域から成るコーティングを備え付けた。まずそれに、鉄交換されたゼオライトから成る材料帯域を慣例の浸漬法において不活性担体の長さの半分まで施与した。その後にまだ未コーティングの半分に、銅交換されたゼオライトから成る材料帯域を備え付け、そうして2つの材料帯域がオーバーラップ帯域を持たずに接した。
(3) 不活性ハニカム体
(4) 排ガスと最初に接触する比較的高い温度での変換プロフィールを有する材料帯域
(5) SCR反応において触媒活性担体でない場合に、排ガスと続いて接触する比較的低い温度での変換プロフィールを有する材料帯域
(6) 不活性担体
(7) 排ガスと続いて接触する比較的低い温度での変換プロフィールを有する材料帯域としてのSCR反応における触媒活性担体
(8) 材料帯域のオーバーラップ領域
(9) 未コーティングの中間帯域
AおよびB 2つの材料帯域の可能な垂直配置
C オーバーラップ領域を有する不活性担体上での2つの材料帯域の水平配置
DおよびE オーバーラップ領域を持たない不活性担体上での2つの材料帯域の水平配置
F 排ガスと続いて接触する材料帯域がSCR反応における触媒活性担体である時の、部分的なオーバーラップ領域を有する2つの材料帯域の水平配置
Claims (15)
- 還元剤としてのアンモニアまたはアンモニアに分解されうる化合物の使用下で内燃機関のリーン排ガス中の窒素酸化物を還元するための、排ガスと時間的に連続して接触する複数の触媒活性材料帯域から構成される構造化SCR触媒であって、その際、該材料帯域は、SCR反応の様々の変換プロフィールを示し、その際、浄化されるべき排ガスと最初に接触する材料帯域の変換プロフィールは、浄化されるべき排ガスと続いて接触する材料帯域の変換プロフィールより高い温度にある、前記構造化SCR触媒において、白金族金属を含有せず、浄化されるべき排ガスと最初に接触する帯域が、鉄交換されたゼオライトを含有し、かつ浄化されるべき排ガスと続いて接触する材料帯域が、遷移金属である銅交換されたゼオライトまたは五酸化バナジウム、三酸化タングステンおよび二酸化チタンまたはそれらの組み合わせ物から成る群から選択された遷移金属酸化物を含有するか、または遷移金属である銅交換されたゼオライトおよび五酸化バナジウム、三酸化タングステンおよび二酸化チタンまたはそれらの組み合わせ物から成る群から選択された遷移金属酸化物を含有し、かつ、浄化されるべき排ガスと最初に接触する材料帯域の変換プロフィールが350℃〜500℃の温度領域中にあり、浄化されるべき排ガスと続いて接触する材料帯域の変換プロフィールが100℃〜400℃の温度領域中にあることを特徴とする、還元剤としてのアンモニアまたはアンモニアに分解されうる化合物の使用下で内燃機関のリーン排ガス中の窒素酸化物を還元するための構造化SCR触媒。
- 材料帯域が垂直に重ねて配置されており、その際、上の層が、浄化されるべき排ガスと最初に接触する材料帯域であることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の構造化SCR触媒。
- 浄化されるべき排ガスと続いて接触する材料帯域が、上の層と、担体として用いられるハニカム体との間に配置されていることを特徴とする、請求項2記載の構造化SCR触媒。
- 浄化されるべき排ガスと続いて接触する材料帯域が、担体として用いられるハニカム体と同一物であることを特徴とする、請求項2記載の構造化SCR触媒。
- 材料帯域の間に、遷移金属原子に対して拡散バリヤーとして作用する別のコーティングが配置されていることを特徴とする、請求項2から4までのいずれか1項記載の構造化SCR触媒。
- コーティングが主として、交換されなかったゼオライト("H−ゼオライト")またはアンモニウム交換されたゼオライトまたはその組み合わせ物を含有することを特徴とする、請求項5記載の構造化SCR触媒。
- 材料帯域が、排ガスの流方向に連続して配置されていることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の構造化SCR触媒。
- 材料帯域が、担体として用いられるハニカム体上に配置されていることを特徴とする、請求項7記載の構造化SCR触媒。
- 材料帯域が、流方向で0〜5ミリメートルの縦伸びを有するオーバーラップ領域を有することを特徴とする、請求項8記載の構造化SCR触媒。
- 材料帯域の間に、流方向で0〜5ミリメートルの縦伸びを有するハニカム体の未コーティング部分が配置されていることを特徴とする、請求項8記載の構造化SCR触媒。
- 浄化されるべき排ガスと最初に接触する材料帯域が、ハニカム体の長さの5〜95%を占めることを特徴とする、請求項8記載の構造化SCR触媒。
- 請求項1から11までのいずれか1項記載の構造化SCR触媒を含有する排ガス浄化装置。
- 還元剤としてのアンモニアまたはアンモニアに分解されうる化合物の使用下で内燃機関のリーン排ガスから窒素酸化物を除去するための、請求項1から11までのいずれか1項記載の構造化SCR触媒の使用。
- 還元剤としてのアンモニアまたはアンモニアに分解されうる化合物の使用下で内燃機関のリーン排ガスから窒素酸化物を除去するための、請求項11記載の構造化SCR触媒の使用であって、その際、該触媒は、350℃を超えない温度で主として運転され、かつ浄化されるべき排ガスと最初に接触する材料帯域が、ハニカム体の長さの5〜50%を占める、請求項11記載の構造化SCR触媒の使用。
- 還元剤としてのアンモニアまたはアンモニアに分解されうる化合物の使用下で内燃機関のリーン排ガスから窒素酸化物を除去するための、請求項11記載の構造化SCR触媒の使用であって、その際、該触媒は、350℃を上回る温度で主として運転され、かつ浄化されるべき排ガスと最初に接触する材料帯域が、ハニカム体の長さの50〜95%を占める、請求項11記載の構造化SCR触媒の使用。
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DE102006031724A DE102006031724B3 (de) | 2006-07-08 | 2006-07-08 | Strukturierter SCR-Katalysator zur Reduktion von Stickoxiden im Abgas von Magermotoren unter Verwendung von Ammoniak als Reduktionsmittel |
DE102006031724.6 | 2006-07-08 | ||
EP06019975 | 2006-09-25 | ||
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PCT/EP2007/005006 WO2008006427A1 (de) | 2006-07-08 | 2007-06-06 | Strukturierter scr-katalysator zur reduktion von stickoxiden im abgas von magermotoren unter verwendung von ammoniak als reduktionsmittel |
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WO2008006427A1 (de) | 2008-01-17 |
KR20090027726A (ko) | 2009-03-17 |
JP2009542435A (ja) | 2009-12-03 |
US20100209327A1 (en) | 2010-08-19 |
EP2040834A1 (de) | 2009-04-01 |
US8568678B2 (en) | 2013-10-29 |
EP2040834B1 (de) | 2012-08-29 |
KR101362685B1 (ko) | 2014-02-13 |
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