JP5002040B2 - 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関の排気浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 94
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 227
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 165
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea;hydrate Chemical compound O.NC(N)=O WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 52
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 12
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000079 presaturation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
- B01D53/0454—Controlling adsorption
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
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- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D7/00—Control of flow
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- B01D2251/2067—Urea
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
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- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
- B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
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- F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
- F01N2250/02—Combinations of different methods of purification filtering and catalytic conversion
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- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
- F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/14—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics having more than one sensor of one kind
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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Description
内燃機関の排気通路に配置された選択還元型NOx触媒と、
前記選択還元型NOx触媒よりも上流の前記排気通路に配置され、前記選択還元型NOx触媒へNH3を供給するための還元剤を添加する還元剤添加部と、
を備えた内燃機関の排気浄化装置であって、
前記選択還元型NOx触媒へのNH3の吸着状態としては、吸着したNH3をNOxの還元反応に用いることのできる弱吸着状態と、前記弱吸着状態に変化させないと吸着したNH3をNOxの還元反応に用いることができない強吸着状態と、が存在し、
前記選択還元型NOx触媒に前記弱吸着状態で吸着しているNH3の実弱吸着量を算出する実弱吸着量算出部と、
前記実弱吸着量算出部で算出した前記実弱吸着量に応じて、前記還元剤添加部で添加される還元剤の添加制御を行う添加制御部と、
を備えた内燃機関の排気浄化装置である。
前記添加制御部は、前記実弱吸着量算出部で算出した前記実弱吸着量が前記目標弱吸着量算出部で算出した前記目標弱吸着量になるように、前記還元剤添加部で添加される還元剤の添加制御を行うとよい。
前記選択還元型NOx触媒から流出する排気中のNOx濃度を取得する第2NOx濃度取得部と、
前記第1NOx濃度取得部及び前記第2NOx濃度取得部により取得されたNOx濃度から前記選択還元型NOx触媒でのNOx浄化率を算出するNOx浄化率算出部と、
前記選択還元型NOx触媒の温度を取得する触媒温度取得部と、
を更に備え、
前記実弱吸着量算出部は、前記NOx浄化率算出部で算出されたNOx浄化率から導出されるNH3の消費量と、前記触媒温度取得部で取得された前記選択還元型NOx触媒の温度と、前記強吸着状態と前記弱吸着状態との間でのNH3の移動量と、前回の還元剤の添加量と、前記実弱吸着量の推定モデルと、に基づいて前記実弱吸着量を算出し、
前記目標弱吸着量算出部は、前記NOx浄化率算出部で算出されたNOx浄化率から導出されるNH3の消費量と、前記触媒温度取得部で取得された前記選択還元型NOx触媒の温度と、前記実弱吸着量の飽和特性と、に基づいて前記目標弱吸着量を算出するとよい。
前記実強吸着量算出部で算出した前記実強吸着量が、前記選択還元型NOx触媒から高濃度のNH3のすり抜けのおそれが生じるか否かの閾値となる所定量を超えると、前記選択還元型NOx触媒を昇温させる昇温制御部と、
を更に備えるとよい。
内燃機関の排気通路に配置された選択還元型NOx触媒と、
前記選択還元型NOx触媒よりも上流の前記排気通路に配置され、前記選択還元型NOx触媒へNH3を供給するための還元剤を添加する還元剤添加部と、
を備えた内燃機関の排気浄化装置の還元剤添加方法であって、
前記選択還元型NOx触媒へのNH3の吸着状態としては、吸着したNH3をNOxの還元反応に用いることのできる弱吸着状態と、前記弱吸着状態に変化させないと吸着したNH3をNOxの還元反応に用いることができない強吸着状態と、が存在し、
前記選択還元型NOx触媒に前記弱吸着状態で吸着しているNH3の実弱吸着量を算出し、算出された前記実弱吸着量に応じて、前記還元剤添加部で添加される還元剤の添加制御を行う内燃機関の排気浄化装置の還元剤添加方法である。
の吸着状態を考慮し、最適な還元剤の添加制御を行うことができる。
(内燃機関)
図1は、本発明の実施例1に係る内燃機関の概略構成を示す図である。図1に示す内燃機関1は、4つの気筒を有する車両駆動用の4ストロークサイクル・ディーゼルエンジンである。内燃機関1には、内燃機関1から排出された排気を流通させる排気通路2が接続されている。
算出した触媒床温推定マップとからSCR触媒床温を推定するものでもよい。
従来、SCR触媒3へ尿素水を添加する場合として、SCR触媒3のNH3を吸着する機能を利用し、予め飽和吸着量を超えない範囲の目標吸着量でNH3をSCR触媒3に吸着させて保持させておき、NOxの還元により保持されていたNH3が消費され次第、目標吸着量になるように消費されたNH3の量に応じた分だけ尿素水を供給する方法がある。本発明者らの知見によると、上記方法では、吸着したNH3の一部がNOx浄化に寄与しないことを見出した。
SCR触媒3に吸着しているNH3の吸着量を実弱吸着量という。また、強吸着状態でSCR触媒3に吸着しているNH3の吸着量を実強吸着量という。実弱吸着量が多く、実強吸着量が少なければ、吸着しているNH3は弱吸着状態から強吸着状態へ変化すると考えられる。一方、実弱吸着量が少なく、実強吸着量が多ければ、吸着しているNH3は強吸着状態から弱吸着状態へ変化すると考えられる。また、SCR触媒3の温度が高くなる程、吸着しているNH3は強吸着状態から弱吸着状態へ変化すると考えられる。図2に示すように、添加停止中の特性におけるNOx浄化率が得られなくなった点P1で吸着しているNH3吸着量が実強吸着量である。添加停止中の特性におけるNOx浄化率が得られなくなった点P1から増えるNH3吸着量が実弱吸着量である。
る空気量を掛けることで算出された入NOx量とNOx浄化率とからは、実際に還元された還元NOx量が算出できる。還元NOx量に還元反応させたNH3量がNH3の消費量(以下、消費NH3量という)である。消費NH3量と前回の尿素水の添加量とからは、SCR触媒3の全体のNH3吸着量が算出される。算出されたSCR触媒3の全体のNH3吸着量と、温度センサ8で検出されたSCR触媒床温とを、実弱吸着量の推定モデルに取り込むことにより、仮実弱吸着量を算出する。実弱吸着量の推定モデルは、SCR触媒3の全体のNH3吸着量を所定の割合で実弱吸着量と実強吸着量とに分けるものである。ここでの所定の割合は、SCR触媒床温によって変化するものであり、予め実験や検証等によって求めておくことができる。
と、SCR触媒3から高濃度のNH3のすり抜けのおそれが生じる量であり、SCR触媒3から高濃度のNH3のすり抜けのおそれが生じるか否かの閾値である。昇温制御部12fは、実強吸着量算出部12eで算出した実強吸着量と、所定量とを比較する。そして、昇温制御部12fは、実強吸着量が所定量を超える場合にSCR触媒3を300〜400℃に昇温させる。ここで、本実施例でのSCR触媒3を昇温させる方法としては、SCR触媒3よりも上流に配置されたDPF11を昇温するフィルタ強制再生制御と同じ制御を行う。すなわち、フィルタ強制再生制御と同様に、燃料添加弁9から燃料を添加し、添加された燃料が酸化触媒10で酸化されて排気が昇温される。昇温された排気は、DPF11を通過してSCR触媒3にも流入し、SCR触媒3が昇温される。なお、SCR触媒3を昇温させる方法としては、本実施例の方法以外にも、SCR触媒3よりも上流の排気通路2に配置されたバーナー装置で排気を昇温させたり、SCR触媒3に電気ヒータを設けてSCR触媒3を直接温めたりする方法でもよい。
添加制御部12dで消費NH3量Dbaseと差分補正添加量dとの和をとって算出される。添加NH3量Dnh3を算出後、尿素水の添加を実行する。
本発明に係る内燃機関の排気浄化装置は、上述の実施例に限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内において種々の変更を加えてもよい。
2:排気通路
3:SCR触媒
4:尿素水添加弁
5:尿素水タンク
6:第1NOxセンサ
7:第2NOxセンサ
8:温度センサ
9:燃料添加弁
10:酸化触媒
11:DPF
12:ECU
12a:浄化率算出部
12b:実弱吸着量算出部
12c:目標弱吸着量算出部
12d:添加制御部
12e:実強吸着量算出部
12f:昇温制御部
13:エアフローメータ
Claims (5)
- 内燃機関の排気通路に配置された選択還元型NOx触媒と、
前記選択還元型NOx触媒よりも上流の前記排気通路に配置され、前記選択還元型NOx触媒へNH3を供給するための還元剤を添加する還元剤添加部と、
を備えた内燃機関の排気浄化装置であって、
前記選択還元型NOx触媒へのNH3の吸着状態としては、吸着したNH3をNOxの還元反応に用いることのできる弱吸着状態と、前記弱吸着状態に変化させないと吸着したNH3をNOxの還元反応に用いることができない強吸着状態と、が存在し、
前記選択還元型NOx触媒に前記弱吸着状態で吸着しているNH3の実弱吸着量を算出する実弱吸着量算出部と、
前記実弱吸着量算出部で算出した前記実弱吸着量に応じて、前記還元剤添加部で添加される還元剤の添加制御を行う添加制御部と、
を備えた内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記選択還元型NOx触媒に前記弱吸着状態で吸着させるNH3の目標弱吸着量を算出する目標弱吸着量算出部を更に備え、
前記添加制御部は、前記実弱吸着量算出部で算出した前記実弱吸着量が前記目標弱吸着量算出部で算出した前記目標弱吸着量になるように、前記還元剤添加部で添加される還元剤の添加制御を行う請求項1に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記選択還元型NOx触媒に流入する排気中のNOx濃度を取得する第1NOx濃度取得部と、
前記選択還元型NOx触媒から流出する排気中のNOx濃度を取得する第2NOx濃度取得部と、
前記第1NOx濃度取得部及び前記第2NOx濃度取得部により取得されたNOx濃度から前記選択還元型NOx触媒でのNOx浄化率を算出するNOx浄化率算出部と、
前記選択還元型NOx触媒の温度を取得する触媒温度取得部と、
を更に備え、
前記実弱吸着量算出部は、前記NOx浄化率算出部で算出されたNOx浄化率から導出されるNH3の消費量と、前記触媒温度取得部で取得された前記選択還元型NOx触媒の温度と、前記強吸着状態と前記弱吸着状態との間でのNH3の移動量と、前回の還元剤の添加量と、前記実弱吸着量の推定モデルと、に基づいて前記実弱吸着量を算出し、
前記目標弱吸着量算出部は、前記NOx浄化率算出部で算出されたNOx浄化率から導出されるNH3の消費量と、前記触媒温度取得部で取得された前記選択還元型NOx触媒の温度と、前記実弱吸着量の飽和特性と、に基づいて前記目標弱吸着量を算出する請求項2に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記選択還元型NOx触媒に前記強吸着状態で吸着しているNH3の実強吸着量を算出する実強吸着量算出部と、
前記実強吸着量算出部で算出した前記実強吸着量が、前記選択還元型NOx触媒から高濃度のNH3のすり抜けのおそれが生じるか否かの閾値となる所定量を超えると、前記選択還元型NOx触媒を昇温させる昇温制御部と、
を更に備えた請求項1に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 内燃機関の排気通路に配置された選択還元型NOx触媒と、
前記選択還元型NOx触媒よりも上流の前記排気通路に配置され、前記選択還元型NOx触媒へNH3を供給するための還元剤を添加する還元剤添加部と、
を備えた内燃機関の排気浄化装置の還元剤添加方法であって、
前記選択還元型NOx触媒へのNH3の吸着状態としては、吸着したNH3をNOxの
還元反応に用いることのできる弱吸着状態と、前記弱吸着状態に変化させないと吸着したNH3をNOxの還元反応に用いることができない強吸着状態と、が存在し、
前記選択還元型NOx触媒に前記弱吸着状態で吸着しているNH3の実弱吸着量を算出し、算出された前記実弱吸着量に応じて、前記還元剤添加部で添加される還元剤の添加制御を行う内燃機関の排気浄化装置の還元剤添加方法。
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