JP5201987B2 - 軟骨欠損を処置するための、形態形成タンパク質の使用 - Google Patents
軟骨欠損を処置するための、形態形成タンパク質の使用 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、整形外科的組織修復に関する。より詳細には、本発明は、軟骨を修復または再生する方法に関する。
軟骨の修復および再生は、現代整形外科における主な問題の1つである。変形性関節症、椎間板変性、および半月板裂傷などの軟骨の損傷および変性障害は米国の成人における身体障害の主な原因であるので、非常に重要である。
本発明は、軟骨または軟骨周囲領域への骨形態形成タンパク質を含む組成物の投与による軟骨組織を修復および再生する方法を提供する。いくつかの実施形態では、本発明は、軟骨または軟骨周囲領域に治療有効量の形態形成タンパク質を含む組成物を投与する工程を含む、患者の軟骨欠損の修復方法を提供する。
本明細書中に記載の発明を完全に理解するために、以下に詳細な説明を記載する。
本発明の形態形成組成物を、軟骨修復(例えば、関節、半月板、椎間板)のために使用することができる。本明細書中に開示の形態形成タンパク質を含む形態形成組成物により、医師が局在化した刺激組織の再生または修復によって改善または矯正することができる種々の組織の損傷、組織の変性、または病態および障害を治療することが可能である。
その代表的な骨形態形成/骨形成タンパク質ファミリーメンバーにちなんで名付けられたBMPファミリーは、TGF−βタンパク質スーパーファミリーに属する。主に配列相同性に基づいて単離され報告された「BMP」(BMP−1からBMP−18)のうちのBMP−1以外のすべてが、依然として形態形成タンパク質のBMPファミリーのメンバーとして分類されている(Ozkaynakら,EMBO J.,9,pp.2085−93(1990))。
天然に存在する骨形態形成タンパク質は、そのC末端領域(ドメイン)中に実質的なアミノ酸配列相同性を共有する。典型的には、上記の天然に存在する骨形成タンパク質は、典型的には約30残基未満のN末端シグナルペプチド配列およびその後に切断されて約97〜106アミノ酸の成熟C末端ドメインを生成する「プロ」ドメインを有する前駆体として翻訳される。シグナルペプチドは、翻訳の際に、Von Heijne Nucleic Acids Research,14,pp.4683−4691(1986)の方法を使用して所与の配列で予想することができる切断部位で迅速に切断される。プロドメインは、典型的には、完全にプロセシングされた成熟C末端ドメインの約3倍の長さである。
COP5 LYVDFS−DVGWDDWIVAPPGYQAFYCHGECPFPLAD
COP7 LYVDFS−DVGWNDWIVAPPGYHAFYCHGECPFPLAD
COP5 HFNSTN−−H−AVVQTLVNSVNSKI−−PKACCVPTELSA
COP7 HLNSTN−−H−AVVQTLVNSVNSKI−−PKACCVPTELSA
COP5 ISMLYLDENEKVVLKYNQEMVVEGCGCR
COP7 ISMLYLDENEKVVLKYNQEMVVEGCGCR。
形態形成タンパク質を含む薬学的組成物は、種々の形態であり得る。これらには、例えば、粉末、錠剤、丸薬、座剤、溶液、懸濁液、ゲル、パテ、ペースト、乳濁液、および輸液などの固体、半固体、および液体の投薬形態が含まれる。好ましい形態は、意図される投与様式および治療への適用に依存し、当業者が選択することができる。投与様式には、経口、非経口、筋肉内、腹腔内、関節内、皮下、静脈内、病変内、または局所への投与が含まれ得る。組成物を、各投与経路に適切な投薬形態で処方することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、本発明の薬学的組成物を、組織の再生または修復を必要とする部位に(すなわち、軟骨に直接)投与する。他の実施形態では、本発明の薬学的組成物を、組織の再生または修復を必要とする部位の周辺に投与する。例えば、いくつかの実施形態では、本発明の薬学的組成物を、修復(すなわち、関節)を必要とする軟骨周囲領域(例えば、滑液)に投与する。他の実施形態では、本発明の薬学的組成物を、軟骨組織(例えば、半月板または椎間板)に直接投与することができる。
12匹の繁殖用(bred for purpose)の雌成体イヌを手術する。両後肢を準備し、滅菌した布で包む。長さ約4cmの内側傍膝蓋骨切片を作製する。膝蓋骨を側面に沿って引っ張って大腿骨顆部を露呈させる。右内側顆では、特別にデザインするか改変した5.0mmのドリル用ビットを使用して、軟骨層に及び、且つ軟骨下骨に6mmの深さで浸透した直径5.0mmの欠損を、大腿顆の中央の荷重負荷領域に作製する。動物をそれぞれ6匹の動物を含む2つの群に分ける。第1の群では、破片を除去して骨髄細胞を流出させるための大量の生理食塩水での洗浄後、適切な徐放性OP−1を欠損周囲の滑液に適用する。6匹の動物を含む第1の群では、右側の欠損に徐放性OP−1を投与する。全動物の左側の肢は、コントロールビーズ(0%OP−1)を投与したコントロールとしての役割を果たす。
18匹の繁殖用ヒツジを手術する。特別にデザインした装置を使用して、体重負荷がかかる顆状突起表面上に石灰化層に対して深さ2mmまでの直径10mmの軟骨欠損を、18匹のヒツジの後肢膝に作製する(血液の曝露は明白な失敗(failure)である)。全動物の右膝をコントロールとして処置しないままにする。
ヒツジは1回の損傷による衝撃後に進行性変形性関節症を引き起こすことが証明されているので、変形性関節症モデルとしてヒツジを使用する。12匹の14日間馴化させたメス交雑ヒツジを本研究で使用した。全ヒツジを全身麻酔し、無菌技術を使用して、3cmの関節切開を使用して両大腿頸骨関節にアクセスした。バネ荷重の機械装置を使用して、大腿顆の中央の荷重負荷領域に両側衝撃による損傷を作製した(30Mpa、直径6mm×2)(図1を参照のこと)。これらの切開の日常的な縫合後、ヒツジの各膝にOP−1を含むコラーゲンおよびカルボキシメチルセルロースのビヒクル(OP−1 Implant、340μg)またはビヒクルのみを関節内注射した。2つの実験群(N=6)を使用した。群Aには、一方の膝に、手術の当日(0日目)および1週間後(7日目)に0.3mlのOP−1+コラーゲン+カルボキシメチルセルロースを関節内に投与した。0日目の注射は、外科的切開を縫合した直後に行った。群Bには、0日目、7日目、14日目、21日目、28日目、および35日目に、一方の膝にOP−1を投与した。OP−1およびビヒクルの注射前に滑液を吸引し、炎症の指標として白血球数および総タンパク質を測定した。OP−1処置により、術後1週目に滑液中の白血球は有意に減少したが(p<.003、対応のあるT検定)、総タンパク質濃度は減少しなかった(図2を参照のこと)。
2Osteoarthritis Research Society International Scoreの計算=損傷重症度×1損傷について最大24の領域。
本研究は、研究前に14日間馴化させ、健康状態を評価した1.5〜2.5歳の成体雌交雑ヒツジ(N=12)を使用する。全身麻酔下で無菌技術を使用して、3cmの最小浸潤性関節切開術によって全ヒツジの両方(左および右)の内側大腿顆に標準化した30MPaの衝撃による損傷を負わせる。術後3週目に、表3にしたがって、ヒツジをジアゼパム(10mg/kg)およびケタミン(3〜5mg/kg)で鎮静して滑膜穿刺(synoviocentesis)のための膝を準備し、被験物質、偽薬、または生理食塩水を内側大腿頸骨関節に注射する。
健康なモルモット(自発性)およびACL切除したウサギ(誘導性)の変形性関節症モデルを使用した。3、6、および9月齢の14匹のモルモットの右膝に、50μgのrhOP−1を含むリン酸緩衝化生理食塩水(PBS)溶液を3週間間隔で12週間注射した。左膝を、未処置コントロールとして使用した。
非再吸収性の糸によって縫合した孔(直径6mm)および縦裂(長さ2cm)を、ヒツジの両膝の各内側半月に作製した。以下の2つの処置群が存在した:OP−1パテ群(カルボキシメチルセルロースを含む1gのウシ1型コラーゲンあたり3.5mgOP−1)および外科的に作製した欠損以外の処置を行わないコントロール群。OP−1処置動物に、切開の縫合直前に0.3ml(350mcg)を注射し、次いで、術後7日目に関節腔に注射した。
ヒツジにおける制御された外側の環状欠損の実験的誘導により、ヒトにおける椎間板再生が病理学的および生化学的に密接に再生される一連の事象が開始される。組成の変化には、病変部位の細胞によって合成されるコラーゲンの量および型の変動(Kaapaら 1994a,b,1995 Kaapa E.ら(1995)Collagen synthesis and types I,III,IV,and VI collagens in an animal model of disc degeneration,Spine 20,59−67;Kaapa Eら(1994)Collagens in the injured porcine intervertebral disc,J.Orthop.Res.12.93−102;and Kaapa Eら(1994)Proteoglycan chemistry in experimentally injured porcine intervertebral disk,J.Spin.Dis.7,296−306)、巨大な高浮遊密度アグリカン型プロテオグリカンの喪失および損傷椎間板中の小DS置換プロテオグリカンであるデコリンレベルおよびバイグリカンレベルの評価(Melrose J.ら(1992)A longitudinal study of the matrix changes induced in the intervertebral disc by surgical damage to the annulus fibrosus,J Orthop Res 10:665−676;Melrose J.ら(1997)Topographical variation in the catabolism of aggrecan in an ovine annular lesion model of experimental disc degeneration J Spinal Disord 10:55−67;およびMelrose J.ら(1997)Elevated synthesis of biglycan and decorin in an ovine annular lesion model of experimental disc degeneration,Eur Spine J 6:376−84)が含まれる。椎間板変性の結果としての軟骨終板(CEP)への血管供給の変化(Moore RJら(1992)Changes in endplate vascularity after an outer anulus tear in the sheep,Spine 17:874−878)および実験環状欠損に隣接する椎骨の再造形の変化(Moore RJ,ら(1996)Remodeling of vertebral bone after.outer anular injury in sheep,Spine 21:936−940.)、「修復された」病変罹患椎間板の生体力学的能力の変化(Latham JMら(1994)Mechanical consequences of annular tears and subsequent intervertebral disc degeneration,J Clin Biomech 9:211−9)、ならびに脊髄椎間関節の変形性関節症への変化(Moore RJら(1999)Osteoarthrosis of the facet joints resulting from anular rim lesions in sheep lumbar discs,Spine,24:519−525)も留意した。
手術の24時間前にヒツジを絶食させ、1gのチオペントンの静脈内注射によって麻酔する。正常な腰椎の生体構造を検証するために、側方単純X線写真を撮影する。2.5%ハロタンによる気管内挿管後に全身麻酔が維持され、パルス酸素測定および呼吸終期CO2測定によってモニタリングした。滅菌手術のために肋骨から腸骨稜までの左側腹部を準備する。ヒツジに1200mgのペニシリンを筋肉内注射する。脊椎の横突起の直前の左側の皮膚を切開し、前筋分割技術を使用した鈍的切開によって腰椎を露呈させる。血管および神経の生体構造を重視し、必要に応じて直接的な圧迫または電気焼灼器によって出血を制御する。
図11に示すように、椎間板組織を、四分円および髄核に帯状に切開する。
線維輪および髄核のサンプルを、氷上で細かく刻み、既知の湿重量の各組織帯の代表的な部分を一定重量まで凍結乾燥させる。組織の出発重量と最終重量との間の差により、その含水量が得られる。3連の部分(1〜2mg)の乾燥組織を、6M HClにて110℃で16時間水和し、中和水和物のアリコートを、組織コラーゲン含有量の基準としてヒドロキシプロリンについてアッセイする(Melrose Jら(1992)A longitudinal study of the matrix changes induced in the intervertebral disc by surgical damage to the annulus fibrosus,J Orthop Res 10:665−676;Melrose Jら(1994a)Proteoglycan heterogeneity in the normal adult ovine intervertebral disc,Matrix 14:61−75;Melrose Jら(1994b)Variation in the composition of the ovine intervertebral disc with spinal level and in its constituent proteoglycans,Vet Comp Orthop Traum 7:70−76;Melrose Jら(1991)The influence of scoliosis and ageing on proteoglycan heterogeneity in the human intervertebral disc J Orthop Res 9:68−77;and Melrose Jら(1996)Intervertebral disc reconstitution after chemonucleolysis with chymopapain is dependent on dosage:an experimental study in beagle dogs Spine 21:9−17)。乾燥組織の3連の部分(約2mg)を、パパインでも消化し、可溶化組織のアリコートを、異染色素である1,9−ジメチルメチレンブルーを使用して、組織プロテオグリカンの基準として硫酸化グリコサミノグリカンについてアッセイする(Melroseら 1991,1992,1994,1996,前出を参照のこと)。
組織化学的分析のために指定された脊髄運動セグメントを、骨用ノコギリ(bone saw)を使用した軟骨終板付近の頭蓋椎体および尾椎体を通した切断によって単離する。隣接する椎体セグメントを含む椎間板検体の全体を、10%中性緩衝化ホルマリンまたはHistochoice(登録商標)のいずれかで56時間ひとまとめに固定し、Faxitron HP43855A X線キャビネット(Hewlett Packard,McMinnville,USA)を使用して完全な脱灰が確認されるまで、10%蟻酸を含む5%NBFを振とうしながら2週間に数回交換して脱灰する。
種々の可動面(屈曲−伸展、横曲げ、圧迫、およびねじれ)における各椎単位(functional spinal unit)(FSU)について非破壊生体力学的可動域(ROM)分析を行う。各FSUは、2つの隣接した脊髄(介在椎間板および関連する靭帯)を含む。
実験技術を検証するために、ヒツジおよびカンガルーの脊髄についてパイロット研究を完了した。図12は、10回の屈曲伸展荷重サイクルにおけるヒツジFSUの典型的な「トルク対回転」プロットを示す。2つのプロットは、関節周囲の前輪状縁(anterior annular rim)病変前後のFSUを示す。輪状の切断により伸展中の可動域(ROM)が増加する一方で、屈曲ROMには影響がないことが認められる。このROMの増加全体は、脊髄の不安定度の増加を示す。別の所見は、荷重サイクルの高い反復性であり、これにより、試験設定の再現性が実証される。
本研究は、ヤギモデルにおける微小骨折手順によって誘導された修復組織の量および組成に対するOP−1の効果を評価する。体重が約25kgの全部で24匹の成体雄ヤギ(1.5〜3歳)を使用する。手術前に、膝関節を、変性関節欠損または他の顕著な整形外科上の問題を有する動物を排除するためにレントゲン写真で試験する。全動物の右膝の滑車溝(後膝関節)中に1つの(一辺が)8mmの正方形の軟骨欠損(石灰化軟骨層の最高到達点(tidemark)に至るまで軟骨を除去する)を作製する。これらのヤギのうちの12匹で、この軟骨欠損を質部位として使用する(IA群およびIB群)(以下の表4を参照のこと)。次いで、12匹の動物の右膝関節に微小骨折処置を行う(IIA群およびIIB群)。直径約1mmのピックを使用して16個の微小骨折孔を作製する。
Claims (18)
- 患者における軟骨欠損の修復において使用するためのOP−1を含有する組成物であって、
該軟骨は、滑液によって囲まれており、
該組成物は、該軟骨の周囲の滑液中に投与され、そして
該組成物は、注射可能な液体溶液または注射可能な液体懸濁液であり、徐放性処方物またはクリアランス遅延処方物として処方されることを特徴とする、
組成物。 - 患者における軟骨を再生または生成することにおいて使用するためのOP−1を含有する組成物であって、
該軟骨は、滑液によって囲まれており、
該組成物は、該軟骨の周囲の滑液中に投与され、そして
該組成物は、注射可能な液体溶液または注射可能な液体懸濁液であり、徐放性処方物またはクリアランス遅延処方物として処方されることを特徴とする、
組成物。 - 患者における軟骨成長を促進することまたは軟骨形成を加速させることにおいて使用するためのOP−1を含有する組成物であって、
該軟骨は、滑液によって囲まれており、
該組成物は、該軟骨の周囲の滑液中に投与され、そして
該組成物は、注射可能な液体溶液または注射可能な液体懸濁液であり、徐放性処方物またはクリアランス遅延処方物として処方されことを特徴とする、
組成物。 - 患者における軟骨分解を防止することあるいは軟骨損傷または軟骨変性疾患もしくは軟骨変性障害を処置することにおいて使用するためのOP−1を含有する組成物であって、
該軟骨は、滑液によって囲まれており、
該組成物は、該軟骨の周囲の滑液中に投与され、そして
該組成物は、注射可能な液体溶液または注射可能な液体懸濁液であり、徐放性処方物またはクリアランス遅延処方物として処方されることを特徴とする、
組成物。 - 前記軟骨が、関節軟骨および非関節軟骨からなる群から選択される、請求項1〜4のうちのいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記非関節軟骨が、半月板である、請求項5に記載の組成物。
- ポリエチレングリコールを含む、請求項1〜4のうちのいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記OP−1がグリコシル化されている、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記軟骨損傷または前記軟骨変性疾患が、変形性関節症、半月板裂傷、およびACL損傷からなる群から選択される、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 患者における軟骨欠損の修復において使用するための医薬の調製のためのOP−1の使用であって、
該軟骨は、滑液によって囲まれており、
該医薬は、該軟骨の周囲の滑液中に投与され、そして
該医薬は、液体溶液または液体懸濁液であり、徐放性処方物またはクリアランス遅延処方物として処方されることを特徴とする、
使用。 - 患者における軟骨を再生または生成することにおいて使用するための医薬の調製のためのOP−1の使用であって、
該軟骨は、滑液によって囲まれており、
該医薬は、該軟骨の周囲の滑液中に投与され、そして
該医薬は、液体溶液または液体懸濁液であり、徐放性処方物またはクリアランス遅延処方物として処方されることを特徴とする、
使用。 - 患者における軟骨成長を促進することまたは軟骨形成を加速させることにおいて使用するための医薬の調製のためのOP−1の使用であって、
該軟骨は、滑液によって囲まれており、
該医薬は、該軟骨の周囲の滑液中に投与され、そして
該医薬は、液体溶液または液体懸濁液であり、徐放性処方物またはクリアランス遅延処方物として処方されることを特徴とする、
使用。 - 患者における軟骨分解を防止することあるいは軟骨損傷または軟骨変性疾患もしくは軟骨変性障害を処置することにおいて使用するための医薬の調製のためのOP−1の使用であって、
該軟骨は、滑液によって囲まれており、
該医薬は、該軟骨の周囲の滑液中に投与され、そして
該医薬は、液体溶液または液体懸濁液であり、徐放性処方物またはクリアランス遅延処方物として処方されることを特徴とする、
使用。 - 前記軟骨が、関節軟骨および非関節軟骨からなる群から選択される、請求項10〜13のうちのいずれか1項に記載の使用。
- 前記非関節軟骨が、半月板である、請求項14に記載の使用。
- 前記医薬がポリエチレングリコールを含む、請求項10〜13のうちのいずれか1項に記載の使用。
- 前記OP−1がグリコシル化されている、請求項10〜13のうちのいずれか1項に記載の使用。
- 前記軟骨損傷または前記軟骨変性疾患が、変形性関節症、半月板裂傷、およびACL損傷からなる群から選択される、請求項13に記載の使用。
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JP2013213067A (ja) | 2013-10-17 |
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CA2567405A1 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
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JP2008500346A (ja) | 2008-01-10 |
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JP2011189200A (ja) | 2011-09-29 |
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