JP5137825B2 - Iii−v族半導体コア−ヘテロシェルナノクリスタル - Google Patents
Iii−v族半導体コア−ヘテロシェルナノクリスタル Download PDFInfo
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- JP5137825B2 JP5137825B2 JP2008516503A JP2008516503A JP5137825B2 JP 5137825 B2 JP5137825 B2 JP 5137825B2 JP 2008516503 A JP2008516503 A JP 2008516503A JP 2008516503 A JP2008516503 A JP 2008516503A JP 5137825 B2 JP5137825 B2 JP 5137825B2
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- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/60—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape characterised by shape
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
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- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- C09K11/70—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing phosphorus
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/88—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing selenium, tellurium or unspecified chalcogen elements
- C09K11/881—Chalcogenides
- C09K11/883—Chalcogenides with zinc or cadmium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C30B7/005—Epitaxial layer growth
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/34—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers
- H01S5/341—Structures having reduced dimensionality, e.g. quantum wires
- H01S5/3412—Structures having reduced dimensionality, e.g. quantum wires quantum box or quantum dash
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- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/81—Bodies
- H10H20/819—Bodies characterised by their shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrates
- H10H20/821—Bodies characterised by their shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrates of the light-emitting regions, e.g. non-planar junctions
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Description
(ii)優れた発光スペクトルをももたらす狭い粒子分布を示す。
(iii)例外的な安定性を提供する。
(iv)環境に優しく、よって、人体についてあるいは人体に関連する病気治療または診断の方法に使用され得る。
(v)種々の用途、例えば、生物学的な蛍光タグ付け、また、光ファイブ電気通信で要求される装置のような電気光学装置の中で実施され得る。
(ii)IIIa、IIa、Va或いはVIa族のイオンのグループから選択された可溶のカチオンまたは可溶のアニオンの第1の溶液を含有する溶液とコアを接触させて、カチオンあるいはアニオンをコア上で反応させるステップ、
(iii)IIIa、IIa、Va或いはVIa族のイオンのグループから選択された、ステップ(ii)の第1の可溶のカチオンあるいは可溶のアニオンの対イオンを含有する溶液と上記コアを接触させて、対イオンを反応させ、かつ、コア/シェル1構造を提供するステップ、
(iv)IIIa、IIa、Va或いはVIa族のイオンのグループから選択された可溶のカチオンまたは可溶のアニオンの第2の溶液を含有する溶液とコア/シェル1構造を接触させて、上記カチオンあるいはアニオンをコア/シェル1構造のシェル1の上で反応させるステップ、
(v)IIIa、IIa、Va或いはVIa族のイオンのグループから選択された、ステップ(iv)の第2の可溶のカチオンあるいは可溶のアニオンの対イオンを含有する溶液とコア/シェル1構造を接触させて、反応させ、且つ、コア/シェル1/シェル2構造を提供するステップ、及び、
(vi)オプションとして、ステップ(ii)〜(v)を繰り返して、より高次のコア/多重シェル半導体ナノクリスタルを形成するステップ。
時間分解測定のために、サンプルは、Nd:YAGレーザー(コンテニュアム社Miniliteシリーズ)の第2高調波(532nm)の5nsパルスによって10Hzの周波数で励起された。フォトルミネセンス信号は、検波モノクロメーターによる分散の後に、PMT(Photo Multiplier Tube、光電子増倍管)によって測定され、ディジタルオシロスコープで平均された。約600のパルスを、1つの減衰曲線を得るために使用した。システム応答時間(FWHM)は、散乱されたレーザー光の検出により測定されて、10nsであった。
TEM(透過型電子顕微鏡法)写真を、100kVで作動する顕微鏡を使用して撮った。TEM用のサンプルは、非晶質の炭素薄膜で覆われた、400メッシュの銅グリッド上に少量のサンプルトルエン溶液を滴下し、続いて、メタノールで洗浄して超過の有機残留物を除去することにより準備した。XRD(X線回折、X-Ray Diffraction)測定は、Cu Kα放射を用いて、40kV及び30mAで作動するX線回折装置上で行なった。サンプルは、低バックグラウンド散乱の石英基板上に薄層として形成した。X線光電子分光法測定は解析的なXPS装置を利用して実施した。その測定は、Auコーティングされた基板にヘキサンジチオールによってリンクされた単分子層の厚さのナノクリスタル膜上で行われた。
InAsコアの合成は、以前報告された物質の合成(例えばBaninら(Applied Physics Letters、1998年、第69号、頁1432、及びJournal of the American Chemical Society、2000年、第122巻、頁9692)を参照)と同様に達成された。
InPコアの合成は、以前に公表された方法(Guzelianら、Journal of Physical Chemistry、1996年、第100巻、頁7212)に従う。
400mgのポリビニルブチラール(粒子)は、トルエン(3ODまで)中に溶解された2gのヘテロ構造及び磁気撹拌機を含んだ20mlのガラス瓶に加えられた。その後、混合物は、4時間力強く攪拌された。攪拌中に、ポリマーは完全にトルエンに溶解する。次に、攪拌は止められ、溶液は乾燥するために3日間置かれた。乾燥する期間中に、トルエンは蒸発し、また、ヘテロ構造はポリマーチェーンの内部にトラップされた。製品は、粒子を含んだ透明な個別の光るポリマーであった。埋め込みプロセスの成功は次の三つの観点から見られた:(1)ナノクリスタルの存在に起因する複合材の色、(2)ナノクリスタルの吸収スペクトルを示す複合材の吸収スペクトル、及び(3)発光スペクトルが本発明のナノクリスタルの発光スペクトルであること。
Claims (22)
- コア/多重シェル半導体ナノクリスタルであって、
III/V族化合物からなるコア物質及び少なくとも2つのシェル物質を含み、
第1のシェル物質が前記コア物質をコーティングし、第2のシェル物質が前記第1のシェル物質をコーティングし、後続のシェル物質が順にそれぞれ前のシェル物質をコーティングし、各シェル物質がII/VI族、III/V族、或いはIII/VI族の化合物より独立に選択され、
前記コア物質が前記第1のシェル物質と異なり、且つ、各シェル物質がその隣接するシェルのシェル物質と異なり、
前記ナノクリスタルが、タイプ−Iのバンドオフセット、及び波長が400nm〜1600nmのルミネセンスを示すコア/多重シェル半導体ナノクリスタル。 - (i)前記コア物質のバンドギャップが、前記第1及び後続のシェル物質のバンドギャップ未満であり、
(ii)前記第1のシェル物質のバンドギャップが、前記コア物質のバンドギャップより大きく、後続のシェル物質のバンドギャップより小さく、
(iii)前記第2或いは後続のシェル物質のバンドギャップが、前記第1或いはその前のシェル物質のバンドギャップより大きく、後続のシェル物質のバンドギャップより小さい請求項1に記載のコア/多重シェル半導体ナノクリスタル。 - 1つのコア物質及び2〜7つのシェル物質を含む請求項1又は請求項2に記載のコア/多重シェル半導体ナノクリスタル。
- ドープされていないナノクリスタルである、請求項1〜請求項3の何れか一項に記載のコア/多重シェル半導体ナノクリスタル。
- コア/シェル1/シェル2半導体ナノクリスタルであって、
III/V族化合物からなるコア物質、並びに、各々独立にII/VI族、III/V族、或いはIII/VI族の化合物から選択された異なる化合物からなるシェル1物質及びシェル2物質を含み、
前記シェル1物質が前記コア物質をコーティングし、前記シェル2物質が前記第1のシェル1物質をコーティングし、
(i)前記コア物質のバンドギャップが、前記シェル1物質のバンドギャップ未満であり、
(ii)前記シェル1物質のバンドギャップが、前記コア物質のバンドギャップより大きく、前記シェル2物質のバンドギャップより小さいコア/シェル1/シェル2半導体ナノクリスタル。 - III/V族の化合物からなる前記コア物質が、InAs、InP、GaAs、GaP、GaSb、InSb、AlAs、AlP、AlSb、InGaAs、GaAsP及びInAsPから選択される請求項1又は5に記載のコア/多重シェル半導体ナノクリスタル。
- 前記II/VI族の化合物が、CdS、CdSe、CdTe、ZnS、ZnSe、ZnTe、HgS、HgSe、HgTe、CdZnSe、CdSSe及びZnSSeより選択される請求項1又は5に記載のコア/多重シェル半導体ナノクリスタル。
- 前記III/V族の化合物が、InAs、GaAs、GaP、GaSb、InP、InSb、AlAs、AlP、AlSb、InGaAs、GaAsP、及びInAsPより選択される請求項1又は5に記載のコア/多重シェル半導体ナノクリスタル。
- 前記III/VI族の化合物が、InS、In2S3、InSe、In2Se3、In4Se3、In2Se3、InTe、In2Se3、GaS、Ga2Se3、GaSe、Ga2Se3、GaTe、Ga2Te3、In2Se3−xTex、GaTeSe、及び(GaxIn1−x)Se3(ここでは、Xは0又は1である)より選択される請求項1又は5に記載のコア/多重シェル半導体ナノクリスタル。
- InAs/CdSe/ZnS、InAs/CdSe/CdS、InAs/InP/ZnSe、InP/ZnSe/ZnS、InP/CdS/ZnSe、InP/CdS/ZnSe、GaAs/CdSe/ZnS、及びGaAs/CdS/ZnSより選択される、請求項1又は5に記載のコア/多重シェル半導体ナノクリスタル。
- 少なくとも2つのシェルを有するコア/多重シェル半導体ナノクリスタルの製造方法であって、
(i)III/V族化合物からなるコアを提供するステップ、
(ii)IIIa、IIa、Va或いはVIa族のイオンのグループから選択された可溶のカチオンまたは可溶のアニオンの第1の溶液と前記コアを接触させて、前記カチオンあるいはアニオンを前記コア上で反応させるステップ、
(iii)IIIa、IIa、Va或いはVIa族のイオンのグループから選択された、前記ステップ(ii)の前記第1の可溶のカチオンあるいは可溶のアニオンの溶液の対イオンと前記コアを接触させて、前記対イオンを反応させて、コア/シェル1構造を提供するステップ、
(iv)IIIa、IIa、Va或いはVIa族のイオンのグループから選択された可溶のカチオンまたは可溶のアニオンの第2の溶液と前記コア/シェル1構造を接触させて、前記カチオンあるいはアニオンを前記コア/シェル1構造のシェル1の上で反応させるステップ、
(v)IIIa、IIa、Va或いはVIa族のイオンのグループから選択された、前記ステップ(iv)の第2の可溶のカチオンあるいは可溶のアニオンの溶液の対イオンと前記コア/シェル1構造を接触させて、且つ、反応させてコア/シェル1/シェル2構造を提供するステップ、及び、
(vi)オプション的に、前記ステップ(ii)〜前記ステップ(v)を繰り返して、より高次のコア/多重シェル半導体ナノクリスタルを形成するステップを含み、
前記コア/多重シェルが、ドープされておらず、タイプ−Iのバンドオフセット及び400nm〜1600nmの波長のルミネセンスを示すコア/多重シェル半導体ナノクリスタルの製造方法。 - 前記コア/シェル1及び前記コア/シェル1/シェル2構造を分離するステップをさらに含む請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の可溶のカチオン溶液が、Cd及びZnより選択される請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の可溶のアニオン溶液が、S、Se及びPより選択される請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の可溶のカチオン溶液が、Zn及びCdより選択される請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の可溶のアニオン溶液が、S及びSeより選択される請求項11に記載の方法。
- データ伝送光信号を増幅する広帯域の光増幅器であって、
請求項1〜請求項10の何れか一項に記載の、複数のコア/多重シェル半導体ナノクリスタル、及びポンピングを含み、
前記コア/多重シェルナノクリスタルの各々が、特定の光学バンドに対応するコア寸法を有し、且つ、光伝送媒質内の所定のポイントに位置し、
前記ポンピングが、可干渉光ソースを前記光伝送媒質へ接続し、前記光伝送媒質内で受信した前記データ伝送光信号を前記特定の光学バンド内で増幅するのに必要な光エネルギーで個々の前記ナノクリスタルを励起させる広帯域の光増幅器。 - 請求項1〜請求項10の何れか一項に記載の、複数のコア/多重シェル半導体ナノクリスタルを含む、発光ダイオード、生物学的なラベリング剤、光電デバイス、レーザーデバイス、または光データ通信システムより選択される装置である。
- 請求項1〜請求項10の何れか一項に記載の、複数のコア/多重シェル半導体ナノクリスタルを包含するホスト物質。
- ポリマーである請求項19に係るホスト物質。
- 前記ポリマーが、フッ素化ポリマー、ポリアクリルアミドのポリマー、ポリアクリル酸のポリマー、ポリアクリロニトリルのポリマー、ポリアニリンのポリマー、ポリベンゾフェノンのポリマー、ポリ塩化ビニル(メタクリル酸メチル)のポリマー、シリコーンポリマー、アルミニウムポリマー、ポリビスフェノールのポリマー、ポリブタジエンのポリマー、ポリジメチルシロキサンのポリマー、ポリエチレンのポリマー、ポリイソブチレンのポリマー、ポリプロピレンのポリマー、ポリスチレンのポリマー、及びポリビニルのポリマーより選択される請求項19に記載のホスト物質。
- 400〜1600nmの波長のルミネセンスを有する、請求項1〜請求項10のいずれか一項に記載の、複数のコア/多重シェル半導体ナノクリスタル。
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CN100570912C (zh) | 2009-12-16 |
EP1891686B1 (en) | 2011-08-10 |
CN101194372A (zh) | 2008-06-04 |
KR20080046158A (ko) | 2008-05-26 |
WO2006134599A1 (en) | 2006-12-21 |
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US20090230382A1 (en) | 2009-09-17 |
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