JP5018882B2 - 触媒担体及び排ガス浄化触媒 - Google Patents
触媒担体及び排ガス浄化触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5018882B2 JP5018882B2 JP2009520638A JP2009520638A JP5018882B2 JP 5018882 B2 JP5018882 B2 JP 5018882B2 JP 2009520638 A JP2009520638 A JP 2009520638A JP 2009520638 A JP2009520638 A JP 2009520638A JP 5018882 B2 JP5018882 B2 JP 5018882B2
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 221
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 70
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 280
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 246
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 122
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 108
- 150000001553 barium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 105
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 93
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 87
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical group O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 80
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 124
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 95
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 61
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 37
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 20
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 18
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium acetate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium nitrate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- UYXRCZUOJAYSQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;platinum Chemical compound [Pt].O[N+]([O-])=O UYXRCZUOJAYSQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XNDZQQSKSQTQQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)CCC1 XNDZQQSKSQTQQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 or Nd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004451 qualitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000021 acetate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VGBWDOLBWVJTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Ce+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VGBWDOLBWVJTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- QQZMWMKOWKGPQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QQZMWMKOWKGPQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9422—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by NOx storage or reduction by cyclic switching between lean and rich exhaust gases (LNT, NSC, NSR)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Description
12…アルミナ微粒子 13…バリウム化合物微粒子
20…白金微粒子
図1は、本実施例1の触媒担体及び排ガス浄化触媒の概念図である。本実施例1に係る触媒担体10は、希土類元素酸化物としてのセリアの一次粒子よりなるセリア微粒子11と、アルミナの一次粒子よりなるアルミナ微粒子12と、バリウム化合物の一次粒子よりなるバリウム化合物微粒子13とが互いに混合してなる。また、本実施例1に係る排ガス浄化触媒は、この触媒担体10と、この触媒担体上10上に担持された白金微粒子20とからなる。
本実施例2は、試薬として硝酸セリウムの代わりにセリアゾルを用いること以外は、前記実施例1と同様である。
図2は、比較例1の排ガス浄化触媒の概念図である。比較例1の排ガス浄化触媒は、触媒担体としてのアルミナ粒子120と、このアルミナ粒子120上に担持された白金微粒子200、セリア粒子110及びバリウム化合物粒子130とからなる。また、アルミナ粒子120はアルミナの一次粒子よりなり、セリア粒子110はセリアの一次粒子よりなり、バリウム化合物粒子130はバリウム化合物の一次粒子よりなる。また、アルミナの一次粒子よりなるアルミナ粒子120は複数個が凝集してアルミナ粒子集合体160を形成している。
図3は、比較例2の排ガス浄化触媒の概念図である。比較例2の排ガス浄化触媒は、触媒担体としてのアルミナ粒子120と、このアルミナ粒子120上に担持された白金微粒子200、セリア粒子110及びバリウム化合物粒子130とからなる。また、アルミナ粒子120はアルミナの一次粒子よりなり、セリア粒子110はセリアの一次粒子よりなり、バリウム化合物粒子130はバリウム化合物の一次粒子よりなる。ただし、セリアの一次粒子よりなるセリア粒子110は複数個が凝集してセリア粒子集合体150を形成している。また、バリウム化合物の一次粒子よりなるバリウム化合物粒子130は複数個が凝集してバリウム化合物粒子集合体140を形成している。また、アルミナの一次粒子よりなるアルミナ粒子120は複数個が凝集してアルミナ粒子集合体160を形成している。
熱耐久の評価試験のために、実施例1、実施例2、比較例1及び比較例2の排ガス浄化触媒を1mm角のペレット状に成形して試験片とした。そして、各試験片を空気中において750℃で5時間にわたって熱処理して、白金を劣化させた。
熱耐久後の各試験片について、白金粒径、バリウム化合物粒径及びセリア粒径を測定した。この白金粒径の測定は、0℃におけるCOパルス吸着法により行った。また、バリウム化合物粒径及びセリア粒径の測定は、X線回折分析(XRD)により行った、
また、熱耐久後の各試験片について、X線回折分析(XRD)による定性分析を行った。
さらに、熱耐久後の各試験片について、BET吸着法を用いて触媒の比表面積を求めた。
図6は、市販のアルミナ粉末に白金1g分のジニトロジアミン白金硝酸水溶液を含浸することで準備した、希土類元素酸化物微粒子が添加されていない排ガス浄化触媒(初期の白金粒径:4.5nm)と、この排ガス浄化触媒に希土類元素酸化物微粒子としてのランタン酸化物微粒子の一次粒子(平均一次粒子径:4.9nm)を添加した排ガス浄化触媒(初期の白金粒径:3.0nm)とについて、前述と同様の熱耐久試験を実施した場合の、熱耐久後の白金粒径を示すものである。なお、希土類元素酸化物微粒子としてのランタン酸化物微粒子は、アルミナゾルに沈殿法により担持することにより添加した。
Claims (9)
- 希土類元素酸化物の一次粒子よりなる希土類元素酸化物微粒子と、アルミナの一次粒子よりなるアルミナ微粒子と、バリウム化合物の一次粒子よりなるバリウム化合物微粒子とが互いに混合してなり、
前記希土類元素酸化物微粒子の一次粒子径が5nm以下であり、前記バリウム化合物微粒子の一次粒子径が10nm以下であることを特徴とする触媒担体。 - 前記バリウム化合物微粒子の一次粒子径が5nm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の触媒担体。
- 前記バリウム化合物微粒子の一次粒子径が2nm未満であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の触媒担体。
- 前記希土類元素酸化物はセリアであることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか一つに記載の触媒担体。
- 前記希土類元素酸化物微粒子の一次粒子径が3nm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか一つに記載の触媒担体。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか一つに記載の触媒担体と、該触媒担体に担持された白金微粒子と、を備えていることを特徴とする排ガス浄化触媒。
- 前記白金微粒子は、前記触媒担体のうち実質的に前記希土類元素酸化物微粒子上に担持されていることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の排ガス浄化触媒。
- 前記白金微粒子の全体を100質量%としたとき、70質量%以上の白金微粒子が前記希土類元素酸化物微粒子上に担持されていることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の排ガス浄化触媒。
- 前記白金微粒子の全体を100質量%としたとき、80質量%以上の白金微粒子が前記希土類元素酸化物微粒子上に担持されていることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の排ガス浄化触媒。
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WO2015143225A1 (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2015-09-24 | SDCmaterials, Inc. | Compositions for passive nox adsorption (pna) systems |
JP6516862B2 (ja) * | 2015-10-27 | 2019-05-22 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化用触媒及びその製造方法並びにそれを用いた排ガス浄化装置 |
WO2018021192A1 (ja) | 2016-07-29 | 2018-02-01 | 住友化学株式会社 | アルミナおよびそれを用いた自動車触媒の製造方法 |
US10702849B2 (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2020-07-07 | Pacific Industrial Development Corporation | Nano-rare earth oxide doped support for trapping of NOx and/or SOx |
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