JP4989034B2 - 半導体微粒子ペースト及びその製造方法、並びに光電変換素子 - Google Patents
半導体微粒子ペースト及びその製造方法、並びに光電変換素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4989034B2 JP4989034B2 JP2005092236A JP2005092236A JP4989034B2 JP 4989034 B2 JP4989034 B2 JP 4989034B2 JP 2005092236 A JP2005092236 A JP 2005092236A JP 2005092236 A JP2005092236 A JP 2005092236A JP 4989034 B2 JP4989034 B2 JP 4989034B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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Description
グレッツェル(Gratzel),外1名,「ネイチャー(Nature)」,(英国),1991年10月24日,第353巻,p.737−740
G=(2πN/60)2r/980=1.13379×10-6π2rN2
図1は、本発明における光電変換素子の半導体層に用いる半導体微粒子ペーストの製造工程の一例を示す概要図である。
本発明の光電変換素子の一例は、電極と、この電極の一方の主面に接して配置された半導体層と、この半導体層に対向して配置された対電極と、電極と対電極との間に配置された電解質層とを備える。上記半導体層は、上記半導体微粒子ペーストの実施の形態で説明した半導体微粒子ペーストが固定され、かつ、増感色素が担持されて形成されている。
(実施例1)
まず、酸化チタン粉末(日本アエロジル社製、平均1次粒子径約21nm)7.5重量部、アセチルアセトン0.5重量部及びエタノール22.5重量部を、遊星ボールミルを用いて、360rpmで2時間分散処理した。次に、半導体微粒子スラリーをエタノールで2倍に希釈し、遠心分離機(コクサン社製、冷却高速遠心機<H−9R>)を用いて、遠心加速度2800×g(5000rpm)で30分間遠心分離した。この遠心分離したスラリーの上澄み部を採取して半導体微粒子スラリー1を得た。次に、上記半導体微粒子スラリー1を、エタノールで希釈し酸化チタン含有率を1wt%に調整した。この採取し希釈したスラリー100重量部にエチルセルロース0.55重量部、テルピネオール3重量部を加え、50℃で12時間攪拌した後、エバポレーターで濃縮し、本実施例の半導体微粒子ペースト1を得た。
遠心分離を、遠心加速度99×g(2000rpm)で30分間行ったこと以外は、半導体微粒子スラリー1及び半導体微粒子ペースト1と同様にして、本実施例の半導体微粒子スラリー3及び半導体微粒子ペースト3を得た。
まず、酸化チタン粉末(日本アエロジル社製、平均1次粒子径約21nm)7.5重量部、アセチルアセトン0.5重量部及びエタノール22.5重量部を、遊星ボールミルを用いて、360rpmで2時間分散処理して、半導体微粒子スラリー4を得た。次に、半導体微粒子スラリー4をエタノールで希釈し酸化チタン含有率を10wt%に調整した。この希釈したスラリー10重量部に、エチルセルロース0.55重量部、テルピネオール3重量部を加え、50℃で12時間攪拌した後、エバポレーターで濃縮し、本比較例の半導体微粒子ペースト4を得た。すなわち、半導体微粒子ペースト4は、半導体微粒子ペースト1〜3に施した遠心分離工程を行わずに作製した半導体微粒子ペーストである。
まず、酸化チタン粉末(日本アエロジル社製、平均1次粒子径約21nm)3.5重量部及び酸化チタン粉末(触媒化成工業社製、平均1次粒子径約400nm)4重量部、アセチルアセトン0.5重量部及びエタノール22.5重量部を、遊星ボールミルを用いて、360rpmで2時間分散処理して、半導体微粒子スラリー5を得た。次に、半導体微粒子スラリー5をエタノールで希釈し酸化チタン含有率を20wt%に調整した。この希釈したスラリー5重量部に、エチルセルロース0.55重量部、テルピネオール3重量部を加え、50℃で12時間攪拌した後、エバポレーターで濃縮し、本比較例の半導体微粒子ペースト5を得た。すなわち、半導体微粒子ペースト5は、光電変換素子の半導体層の形成に従来用いられてきた半導体微粒子ペーストである。
(実施例3)
まず、厚さ1mmの導電性ガラス基板(旭硝子社製、表面抵抗15Ω/□)上に、半導体微粒子ペースト1を塗布して乾燥させた後、450℃で30分間焼成して、厚さ8μmの第1の半導体層を作製した。次に、この第1の半導体層上に、半導体微粒子ペースト5を塗布して乾燥させた後、450℃で30分間焼成して、厚さ4μmの第2の半導体層を作製した。この半導体層を備えた基板を、[Ru(4,4’−ジカルボキシル−2,2’−ビピリジン)2−(NCS)2]で表される増感色素を含む溶液中に浸漬し、20℃で24時間静置して、半導体層に上記増感色素を吸着させた。この溶液は、アセトニトリルとtert−ブタノールとを体積比が50:50になるように混合した混合溶媒に、上記増感色素を濃度が3×10-4mol/dm3になるように溶解させた溶液を使用した。
半導体微粒子ペースト1の替わりに半導体微粒子ペースト3を用いたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして本実施例の光電変換素子を得た。
半導体微粒子ペースト5の替わりに半導体微粒子ペースト2を用いたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして本実施例の光電変換素子を得た。すなわち、本実施例の光電変換素子は、実施例1の遠心分離の工程において上澄み部を採取した半導体微粒子ペーストと、沈澱部を採取した半導体微粒子ペーストとを用いて形成されている。
半導体微粒子ペースト1の替わりに半導体微粒子ペースト4を用いたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして本比較例の光電変換素子を得た。すなわち、本比較例の光電変換素子は、従来の光電変換素子として実施例3及び4の光電変換素子と比較することができる。
2、3 基板
4 電極
5 半導体層
6 対電極
7 電解質層
8 封止材
Claims (7)
- 光電変換素子の半導体層の形成に用いる半導体微粒子ペーストの製造方法であって、
(a)半導体微粒子を溶媒に分散させる工程と、
(b)前記工程(a)において得られた半導体微粒子スラリーを遠心分離し、平均2次粒子径が、5nm以上500nm以下の半導体微粒子を含む半導体微粒子スラリーを採取する工程と、
(c)前記工程(b)において得られた半導体微粒子スラリーを用いて、半導体微粒子ペーストを形成する工程とを含むことを特徴とする半導体微粒子ペーストの製造方法。 - 前記工程(b)の遠心分離は、遠心加速度が100×g以上13000×g以下で行われる請求項1に記載の半導体微粒子ペーストの製造方法。
- 前記工程(c)は、前記半導体微粒子スラリーの粘度調整を少なくとも含む工程である請求項1に記載の半導体微粒子ペーストの製造方法。
- 前記半導体微粒子ペーストに含まれる半導体微粒子の平均1次粒子径は、5nm以上50nm以下である請求項1に記載の半導体微粒子ペーストの製造方法。
- 光電変換素子の半導体層の形成に用いる半導体微粒子ペーストであって、
(a)半導体微粒子を溶媒に分散させる工程と、
(b)前記工程(a)において得られた半導体微粒子スラリーを遠心分離し、平均2次粒子径が、5nm以上500nm以下の半導体微粒子を含む半導体微粒子スラリーを採取する工程と、
(c)前記工程(b)において得られた半導体微粒子スラリーを用いて、半導体微粒子ペーストを形成する工程とを含む方法で製造され、
平均1次粒子径が5nm以上50nm以下の半導体微粒子を含むことを特徴とする半導体微粒子ペースト。 - 電極と、前記電極の一方の主面に接して配置された半導体層と、前記半導体層に対向して配置された対電極と、前記電極と前記対電極との間に配置された電解質層とを備えた光電変換素子であって、
前記半導体層は、請求項5に記載された半導体微粒子ペーストと、増感色素とを含むことを特徴とする光電変換素子。 - 前記半導体層のヘイズ率は、10%以下である請求項6に記載の光電変換素子。
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