JP4829471B2 - 水素製造方法 - Google Patents
水素製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4829471B2 JP4829471B2 JP2003324168A JP2003324168A JP4829471B2 JP 4829471 B2 JP4829471 B2 JP 4829471B2 JP 2003324168 A JP2003324168 A JP 2003324168A JP 2003324168 A JP2003324168 A JP 2003324168A JP 4829471 B2 JP4829471 B2 JP 4829471B2
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- hydrogen
- reaction
- water
- reduction
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 105
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims description 105
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 86
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 104
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 103
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 94
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 85
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- YPFNIPKMNMDDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]acetate;iron(3+) Chemical compound [Fe+3].OCCN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O YPFNIPKMNMDDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 133
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 73
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 60
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 43
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 26
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 10
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium trinitrate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Rh+3] SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- 229910017813 Cu—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 iron , metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SZQUEWJRBJDHSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate;nonahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O SZQUEWJRBJDHSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- CFYGEIAZMVFFDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Nd+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O CFYGEIAZMVFFDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002554 Fe(NO3)3·9H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017498 Nd(NO3)3.6H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- CHPZKNULDCNCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium nitrate Chemical compound [Ga+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O CHPZKNULDCNCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910003208 (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000608 Fe(NO3)3.9H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003205 Nd(NO3)3·6H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910007926 ZrCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001430 chromium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940044658 gallium nitrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005297 pyrex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004451 qualitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/12—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
- C01B3/061—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of metal oxides with water
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Description
FeOx+CH4→FeOx-y+y1H2O+y2CO+y3CO2
ここで、上記式中、FeOXは酸化鉄(化学式FenOmをFeOm/nと表記した)を表し、y=y1+y2+2y3、x≧yである。
FeOx-1+H2O→FeOx+H2
(参考例1)
Rhを添加した酸化鉄を以下に示す共沈法(尿素法)にて調製した。先ず、超音波で5分間脱気した水1L中に、Rhイオンが全金属イオンの5mol%となるように、硝酸鉄(III)九水和物(Fe(NO3)3・9H2O)(和光純薬工業株式会社製)0.019molと、ロジウムの塩化物(RhCl3・3H2O)(和光純薬工業株式会社製)0.001molと、沈殿剤として尿素1.0molを加えて溶解させた。混合溶液を攪拌しながら90℃に加熱し、3時間同温度に保持した。反応終了後、48時間放置し、沈殿させ、吸引ろ過を行った。得られた沈殿物を80℃で24時間乾燥して、その後300℃で3時間、500℃で10時間空気焼成を行った。このようにして得られたRh添加酸化鉄を、54.2mg秤量し、すなわち、Rhイオンが全金属イオンの5mol%添加されて、化合物がFe2O3とRh2O3となっているとした場合、Fe2O3(酸化第二鉄)が50mg含まれるように秤量し、これを後述する試験の試料として使用した。
酸素除去速度=(CO+2CO2)μmol/min
ロジウムの塩化物(RhCl3・3H2O)を一切添加しなかったことを除き、参考例1と同様の手順にて、無添加の酸化鉄を調製し、還元反応及び水分解反応の試験を行った。
ロジウムの塩化物(RhCl3・3H2O)0.001molに代えてネオジムの硝酸塩(Nd(NO3)3・6H2O)(添川理化学株式会社製)0.001molを添加したことを除き、参考例1と同様にして、Nd添加酸化鉄を調製し、還元反応及び水分解反応の試験を行った。比較例1及び2の各結果を、参考例1の結果と併せて図3、図7、図8に示す。
Rhイオン及びNdイオンがそれぞれ全金属イオンの5mol%となるように、硝酸鉄(III)九水和物(Fe(NO3)3・9H2O)の添加量を0.019molに代えて0.018molにしたこと、及びネオジムの硝酸塩(Nd(NO3)3・6H2O)(添川理化学株式会社製)0.001molをさらに添加したことを除き、参考例1と同様にして、Rh−Nd添加酸化鉄を調製し、還元反応及び水分解反応の試験を行った。
ロジウムの塩化物(RhCl3・3H2O)に代えて、パラジウムの塩化物(PdCl2)(和光純薬株式会社製)を添加したことを除き、実施例2と同様にして、Pd−Nd添加酸化鉄を調製し、還元反応及び水分解反応の試験を行った。実施例2及び3の各結果を、図4、図7、図8に示す。
ネオジムの硝酸塩(Nd(NO3)3・6H2O)に代えて、アルミニウムの硝酸塩(Al(NO3)3・9H2O)(和光純薬工業株式会社製)、クロムの硝酸塩(Cr(NO3)3・9H2O)(和光純薬工業株式会社製)、ガリウムの硝酸塩(Ga(NO3)3・nH2O(n=7〜9))(和光純薬工業株式会社製)、イットリウムの硝酸塩(Y(NO3)3・6H2O)(添川理化学株式会社製)、ジルコニウムの塩化物(ZrCl2O・8H2O)(関東化学株式会社製)、モリブデンのアンモニウム塩((NH4)6Mo7O24・4H2O)(和光純薬株式会社製)を添加したことを除き、実施例2と同様にして、Rh−Al添加、Rh−Cr添加、Rh−Ga添加、Rh−Y添加、Rh−Zr添加、Rh−Mo添加の各酸化鉄を調製し、還元反応及び水分解反応の試験を行った。実施例4、参考例5、実施例6〜8、参考例9の各結果を、図5〜図8に示す。
銅を添加した酸化鉄を以下に示す共沈法(尿素法)にて調製した。先ず、超音波で5分間脱気した水1L中に、硝酸鉄(III)九水和物(Fe(NO3)3・9H2O)(和光純薬工業株式会社製)0.018molと、銅の塩化物(Cu(NO3)2・3H2O)(和光純薬工業株式会社製)0.001molと、クロムの硝酸塩(Cr(NO3)3・9H2O)(和光純薬工業株式会社製)0.001molと、沈殿剤として尿素1.0molとを加えて溶解させた。混合溶液を攪拌しながら90℃に加熱し、3時間同温度に保持した。反応終了後、48時間放置し、沈殿させ、吸引ろ過を行った。得られた沈殿物を80℃で24時間乾燥して、その後300℃で3時間、500℃で10時間空気焼成を行った。このようにして得られたCu−Cr添加酸化鉄を、0.222g秤量し、すなわち、銅イオン及びクロムイオンがそれぞれ全金属イオンの5mol%添加されて、化合物がFe2O3、CuO及びCr2O3となっているとした場合、Fe2O3(酸化第二鉄)が0.2g含まれるように秤量し、これを後述する試験の試料として使用した。
銅の硝酸塩(Cu(NO3)2・3H2O)に代えて、ニッケルの硝酸塩(Ni(NO3)2・6H2O)(和光純薬工業株式会社製)、コバルトの硝酸塩(Co(NO3)2・6H2O)(和光純薬工業株式会社製)、ロジウムの塩化物(RhCl3・3H2O)(和光純薬工業株式会社製)、イリジウムの塩化物(IrCl3・nH2O)(添川理化学株式会社製)、塩化白金酸(H2PtCl6)(和光純薬工業株式会社製)を添加したことを除き、参考例10と同様にして、Ni−Cr添加、Co−Cr添加、Rh−Cr添加、Ir−Cr添加、Pt−Cr添加の各酸化鉄を調製し、還元反応及び水分解反応の試験を行った。また、銅の硝酸塩(Cu(NO3)2・3H2O)とクロムの硝酸塩(Cr(NO3)3・9H2O)に代えて、パラジウムの塩化物(PdCl2)(和光純薬株式会社製)とニッケルの硝酸塩(Ni(NO3)2・6H2O)を添加したことを除き、参考例10と同様にして、Pd−Ni添加酸化鉄を調製し、還元反応及び水分解反応の試験を行った。参考例11〜16の結果を図10、図11に示す。
11 還元ガス導入ライン
12 排ガス排出ライン
21 水導入ライン
22 水素排出ライン
31 空気供給ライン
51〜55 三方弁
61〜66 弁
70 反応器
72 ガラス管
74 ガス循環ポンプ
76 圧力計
78 ガスクロマトグラフ
80 電気炉
82 トラップ装置
84 ドライアイス
85 エタノール
86 冷水
88 真空ポンプ
90 試料
92、94 水
100 反応装置
102、104、106 管
110 電気炉
112、114、116 弁
120 気化器
130 ガスクロマトグラフ
Claims (1)
- 水を分解して水素を発生する金属である鉄の酸化物と、白金族元素、銅、ニッケル及びコバルトからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1つの第1の添加金属と、ネオジム、アルミニウム、ガリウム、イットリウム、ジルコニウム、チタン、及びスカンジウムからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1つの第2の添加金属とを含んでなり、共沈法により調製した媒体が、反応管の2つの区分にそれぞれ充填されており、上記の各区分に、炭化水素類を含む還元ガスを導入して上記媒体を還元する工程と、この還元工程で還元された媒体に、水を反応させて水素を発生させる水分解工程とを含み、上記2つの区分のうち一方の区分の媒体を上記還元工程で還元する間に、他方の区分の媒体を上記水分解工程で水素を発生させることによって、連続的に水素を製造する水素製造方法であって、上記媒体の全金属を100mol%とした場合、上記第1の添加金属の配合割合が5〜15mol%であり、上記第2の添加金属の配合割合が5〜15mol%である水素製造方法。
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