JP4442435B2 - 電荷輸送材料、電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジ及び画像形成装置 - Google Patents
電荷輸送材料、電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジ及び画像形成装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4442435B2 JP4442435B2 JP2005011971A JP2005011971A JP4442435B2 JP 4442435 B2 JP4442435 B2 JP 4442435B2 JP 2005011971 A JP2005011971 A JP 2005011971A JP 2005011971 A JP2005011971 A JP 2005011971A JP 4442435 B2 JP4442435 B2 JP 4442435B2
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- Prior art keywords
- photosensitive member
- resin
- charge transport
- layer
- electrophotographic photosensitive
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- LVEOKSIILWWVEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl 3-(3-oxo-3-tetradecoxypropyl)sulfanylpropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCSCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCC LVEOKSIILWWVEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- GQIUQDDJKHLHTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(ethenyl)silane Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)C=C GQIUQDDJKHLHTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MZHULIWXRDLGRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecyl 3-(3-oxo-3-tridecoxypropyl)sulfanylpropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCSCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCC MZHULIWXRDLGRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013799 ultramarine blue Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 1
- PZMFITAWSPYPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane-2,4-dione Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)CC(C)=O PZMFITAWSPYPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005050 vinyl trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOSXWYQMOYSSKB-LDKJGXKFSA-L water blue Chemical compound CC1=CC(/C(\C(C=C2)=CC=C2NC(C=C2)=CC=C2S([O-])(=O)=O)=C(\C=C2)/C=C/C\2=N\C(C=C2)=CC=C2S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1N.[Na+].[Na+] XOSXWYQMOYSSKB-LDKJGXKFSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- BOXSVZNGTQTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCC.CCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCC BOXSVZNGTQTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
式(1)中、X1及びX2はそれぞれ独立に、下記式(3)で表される基を示し、R 3は、メチル基を示し、k3は、0又は1を示し、X3は、下記一般式(4)又は下記一般式(5)で示される有機基を示す。
式(4)中、R5は、メチル基を示し、k5は、0又は1を示し、Ar1及びAr2はそれぞれ独立に、下記式(Ar−1−1)〜(Ar−4−1)で表される基を示す。
式(5)中、Ar3及びAr4はそれぞれ独立に、下記式(Ar−5−1)で表される基を示す。
ここで、上記式(Ar−3−1)および(Ar−5−1)中、R 10 は、メチル基を示し、k10は、0又は1を示し、R 12 は、メチル基を示し、k12は、0又は1を示す。
本実施形態の電荷輸送材料は、下記一般式(1)で表される化合物である。
式(1)中、X1及びX2はそれぞれ独立に、下記式(3)で表される基を示し、R 3は、メチル基を示し、k3は、0又は1を示し、X3は、下記一般式(4)又は下記一般式(5)で示される有機基を示す。
式(4)中、R5は、メチル基を示し、k5は、0又は1を示し、Ar1及びAr2はそれぞれ独立に、下記式(Ar−1−1)〜(Ar−4−1)で表される基を示す。
ここで、上記式(Ar−3−1)中、R 10 は、メチル基を示し、k10は、0又は1を示す。
式(5)中、Ar3及びAr4はそれぞれ独立に、下記式(Ar−5−1)で表される基を示す。
ここで、X1、X 2 は、上記一般式(1)におけるのと同義である。
ここで、R3、R5、k3、k5、Ar1及びAr2は、上記一般式(1)及び(4)におけるのと同義である。
ここで、X1、X2 、R 3 及びk3は、上記一般式(1)におけるのと同義である。
ここで、Ar 3及びAr 4は、上記一般式(5)におけるのと同義である。
図1(a)は、本発明の電子写真感光体の第一実施形態を示す模式断面図である。図1(a)に示す電子写真感光体100は、電荷発生材料を含有する層(電荷発生層1)と電荷輸送材料を含有する層(電荷輸送層2)とに機能が分離された積層型感光層6を備えるものであり、導電性支持体3上に電荷発生層1、電荷輸送層2が順次積層された構造を有している。そして、本発明の電荷輸送材料は、電荷輸送材料として電荷輸送層2に含有される。
図4及び図5は、それぞれ本発明の画像形成装置の好適な一実施施形態の基本構成を概略的に示す断面図である。
(化合物(I)の合成)
ビス−[4−(1−メチル−1−フェニル−エチル)−フェニル]−アミン20質量部、4,4’−ジヨード−ビフェニル10質量部、炭酸カリウム10質量部、及び銅粉5質量部を、100mLの3つ口フラスコへ入れ、230℃で、10時間撹拌し反応させた。反応終了後、水を加え、更にトルエンを加えることにより抽出を行った。トルエン層を濃縮後、トルエン/ヘキサンの体積比が2/1の混合溶媒を用いてカラムクロマトグラフィにより精製し、下記一般式(I)で表される目的の化合物(I)を得た。
ビス−[4−(1−メチル−1−フェニル−エチル)−フェニル]−アミン20質量部、4,4’−ジヨード−2,2’−ジメチル−ビフェニル10.7質量部、炭酸カリウム10質量部、及び銅粉5質量部を、100mLの3つ口フラスコへ入れ、230℃で、12時間撹拌し反応させた。反応終了後、水を加え、更にトルエンを加えることにより抽出を行った。トルエン層を濃縮後、トルエン/ヘキサンの体積比が2/1の混合溶媒を用いてカラムクロマトグラフィにより精製し、下記一般式(II)で表される目的の化合物(II)を得た。
ビス−[4−(1−メチル−1−フェニル−エチル)−フェニル]−アミン20質量部、4,4’−ジヨード−ビフェニル19.5質量部、炭酸カリウム10質量部、及び銅粉5質量部を、100mLの3つ口フラスコに入れ、230℃で、10時間撹拌し反応させた。反応終了後、水を加え、更にトルエンを加えることにより抽出を行った。トルエン層を濃縮後、トルエン/ヘキサンの体積比が2/1の混合溶媒を用いてカラムクロマトグラフィにより精製し、(4’−ヨード−ビフェニル−4−イル)−ビス−[4−(1−メチル−1−フェニル−エチル)−フェニル]−アミンを得た。
ビス−[4−(1−メチル−1−フェニル−エチル)−フェニル]−アミン10質量部、4,4’−ジヨード−ビフェニル110質量部、炭酸カリウム5質量部、及び硫酸銅1質量部を、3つ口フラスコに入れ、オイルバスを用い230℃で、10時間攪拌し反応させた。反応終了後、トルエンを加え無機物を除去した後、更にカラムクロマトグラフィにより精製し、(4’−ヨード−ビフェニル−4−イル)−ビス−[4−(1−メチル−1−フェニル−エチル)−フェニル]−アミン12質量部を得た。
ビス−[4−(1−メチル−1−フェニル−エチル)−フェニル]−アミン10質量部、4,4’−ジヨード−ビフェニル110質量部、炭酸カリウム5質量部、及び硫酸銅1質量部を、3つ口フラスコに入れ、オイルバスを用い230℃で、10時間攪拌し反応させた。反応終了後、トルエンを加え無機物を除去した後、更にカラムクロマトグラフィにより精製し、(4’−ヨード−ビフェニル−4−イル)−ビス−[4−(1−メチル−1−フェニル−エチル)−フェニル]−アミン12質量部を得た。
ビス−[4−(1−メチル−1−フェニル−エチル)−フェニル]−アミン10質量部、4,4’−ジヨード−ビフェニル110質量部、炭酸カリウム5質量部、及び硫酸銅1質量部を、3つ口フラスコに入れ、オイルバスを用い230℃で、10時間攪拌し反応させた。反応終了後、トルエンを加え無機物を除去した後、更にカラムクロマトグラフィにより精製し、(4’−ヨード−ビフェニル−4−イル)−ビス−[4−(1−メチル−1−フェニル−エチル)−フェニル]−アミン12質量部を得た。
4−{ビス−[4−(1−メチル−1−フェニル−エチル)−フェニル]−アミノ}−ベンズアルデヒド20質量部とベンズヒドリル−ホスホニックアシッドジエチルエステル12質量部とを、100mLの3つ口フラスコ中でジメチルホルムアルデヒド、NaHとともに反応させた。反応終了後、水を加え、トルエンで抽出した。抽出液を濃縮し、カラムクロマトグラフィにより精製し、下記一般式(VII)で表される目的の化合物(VII)を得た。
4−{ビス−[4−(1−メチル−1−フェニル−エチル)−フェニル]−アミノ}−ベンズアルデヒド20質量部とジ−p−トリルメチル−ホスホニックアシッドジエチルエステル17質量部とを、100mLの3つ口フラスコ中でジメチルホルムアルデヒド、NaHとともに反応させた。反応終了後水を加え、トルエンで抽出した。抽出液を濃縮し、カラムクロマトグラフィにより精製し、下記一般式(VIII)で表される目的の化合物(VIII)を得た。
1,3−ジイミノイソインドリン30質量部及び三塩化ガリウム9.1質量部をジメチルスルホキシド230質量部に加え、160℃で6時間攪拌することにより反応させ、赤紫色結晶を得た。得られた結晶をジメチルスルホキシドで洗浄した後、イオン交換水で洗浄し、乾燥することによりI型クロロガリウムフタロシアニンの粗結晶28質量部を得た。
(実施例1)
先ず、酸化亜鉛(テイカ社製、平均粒子径:70nm、比表面積値:15m2/g)100質量部をトルエン500質量部と攪拌混合し、シランカップリング剤「KBM603」(信越化学社製、商品名)1.25質量部を添加し、2時間攪拌した。その後トルエンを減圧蒸留にて留去し、150℃で2時間焼き付けを行い、表面処理酸化亜鉛顔料を得た。
電荷輸送材料として、化合物(I)の代わりに上記で合成した化合物(II)を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例2の電子写真感光体を作製した。
電荷輸送材料として、化合物(I)の代わりに上記で合成した化合物(III)を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例2の電子写真感光体を作製した。
アルミニウム基体の代わりに表面を陽極酸化したアルマイト基体を用い、更に下引層を形成しなかったこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例3の電子写真感光体を作製した。
電荷輸送材料として、化合物(I)の代わりに上記で合成した化合物(IV)を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例5の電子写真感光体を作製した。
電荷輸送材料として、化合物(I)の代わりに上記で合成した化合物(V)を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例6の電子写真感光体を作製した。
電荷輸送材料として、化合物(I)の代わりに上記で合成した化合物(VI)を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例7の電子写真感光体を作製した。
アルミニウム基体の代わりに表面を陽極酸化したアルマイト基体を用い、更に下引層を形成しなかったこと以外は実施例5と同様にして、実施例8の電子写真感光体を作製した。
電荷輸送材料として、化合物(I)の代わりに上記で合成した化合物(VII)を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例9の電子写真感光体を作製した。
電荷輸送材料として、化合物(I)の代わりに上記で合成した化合物(VIII)を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例10の電子写真感光体を作製した。
アルミニウム基体の代わりに表面を陽極酸化したアルマイト基体を用い、更に下引層を形成しなかったこと以外は実施例9と同様にして、実施例11の電子写真感光体を作製した。
電荷輸送材料として、化合物(I)の代わりに下記一般式(IX)で表される化合物(IX)を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例10の電子写真感光体を作製した。
上記で得られた実施例1〜11及び比較例1の電子写真感光体について、以下の手順で電子写真特性を評価した。
感光体に20mmφの小面積マスクを使用し、20℃、50%RHの環境下において、静電複写紙試験装置「EPA8200」(川口電機社製)を用いて、−5.0kVのコロナ放電により感光体を負帯電させた(帯電工程)。そして、干渉フィルターを用いて780nmに分光したハロゲンランプ光を帯電させた感光体に対して、感光体表面上において5.0μW/cm2となるように調整して照射した(露光工程)。このときの初期表面電位V0(V)、表面電位がV0の1/2になるまでの半減露光量E1/2(μJ/cm2)、及び、表面電位V0を計測してから1秒後の表面電位をV1として、{(V0−V1)/V0}×100で求められる暗減衰率(DDR)(%)をそれぞれ測定した。これらの結果を表4に示す。
上記した帯電工程及び露光工程と除電とを1回とする操作を1万回繰り返し、このときの初期表面電位V0(V)、表面電位がV0の1/2になるまでの半減露光量E1/2(μJ/cm2)、及び暗減衰率(DDR)(%)をそれぞれ測定した。これらの結果を表4に示す。
上記で合成した化合物(I)〜(VIII)及び化合物(IX)の電荷輸送材料について、これらの電荷輸送材料を含有する電荷輸送層の耐磨耗性を以下の方法により評価した。
Claims (4)
- 下記一般式(1)で表される電荷輸送材料。
[式(1)中、X1及びX2はそれぞれ独立に、下記式(3)で表される基を示し、R 3は、メチル基を示し、k3は、0又は1を示し、X3は、下記一般式(4)又は下記一般式(5)で示される有機基を示す。]
[式(4)中、R5は、メチル基を示し、k5は、0又は1を示し、Ar1及びAr2はそれぞれ独立に、下記式(Ar−1−1)〜(Ar−4−1)で表される基を示す。]
[式(5)中、Ar3及びAr4はそれぞれ独立に、下記式(Ar−5−1)で表される基を示す。]
[ここで、上記式(Ar−3−1)および(Ar−5−1)中、R 10 は、メチル基を示し、k10は、0又は1を示し、R 12 は、メチル基を示し、k12は、0又は1を示す。] - 導電性支持体と、該導電性支持体上に設けられる感光層とを備える電子写真感光体において、
請求項1に記載の電荷輸送材料が、前記感光層に含まれていることを特徴とする電子写真感光体。 - 請求項2に記載の電子写真感光体と、
前記電子写真感光体を帯電させるための帯電手段、前記電子写真感光体上に形成された静電潜像をトナーにより現像してトナー像を形成するための現像手段、及び、前記電子写真感光体の表面に残存したトナーを除去するためのクリーニング手段からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種と、
を備えることを特徴とするプロセスカートリッジ。 - 請求項2に記載の電子写真感光体と、
前記電子写真感光体を帯電させるための帯電手段と、
前記電子写真感光体上に静電潜像を形成するための露光手段と、
前記電子写真感光体上に形成された前記静電潜像をトナーにより現像してトナー像を形成するための現像手段と、
前記トナー像を被転写体に転写するための転写手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする画像形成装置。
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