JP4073872B2 - C型肝炎阻害剤としての複素環式トリペプチド - Google Patents
C型肝炎阻害剤としての複素環式トリペプチド Download PDFInfo
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- JP4073872B2 JP4073872B2 JP2003564039A JP2003564039A JP4073872B2 JP 4073872 B2 JP4073872 B2 JP 4073872B2 JP 2003564039 A JP2003564039 A JP 2003564039A JP 2003564039 A JP2003564039 A JP 2003564039A JP 4073872 B2 JP4073872 B2 JP 4073872B2
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- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000013207 serial dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AWUCVROLDVIAJX-GSVOUGTGSA-N sn-glycerol 3-phosphate Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)COP(O)(O)=O AWUCVROLDVIAJX-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013222 sprague-dawley male rat Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004274 stearic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950000244 sulfanilic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- NHKZSTHOYNWEEZ-AFCXAGJDSA-N taribavirin Chemical compound N1=C(C(=N)N)N=CN1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 NHKZSTHOYNWEEZ-AFCXAGJDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950006081 taribavirin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001367 tartaric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005311 telbivudine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-CSMHCCOUSA-N telbivudine Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1[C@H]1O[C@@H](CO)[C@H](O)C1 IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-CSMHCCOUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004213 tert-butoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(O*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229960004559 theobromine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010043778 thyroiditis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011269 treatment regimen Methods 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylamine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)CCC YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005500 uronium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229950002819 valtorcitabine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000001862 viral hepatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
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- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
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- C07K5/0808—Tripeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic the side chain containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms, e.g. Val, Ile, Leu
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Description
本発明は、C型肝炎ウイルス(HCV)感染を治療するための化合物、その合成方法、組成物及び方法に関する。特に、本発明は、新規なペプチド類似体、当該類似体を含む医薬組成物、及び、HCV感染治療において当該類似体を使用する方法に関する。
C型肝炎ウイルス(HCV)は、輸血によって生じる及び世界的な地域感染型の非A非B型肝炎の主要な病因的要素である。世界中で2億人をこえる人々がこのウイルスに感染していると推定される。高い百分率のキャリアは慢性的に感染するようになり、多くはいわゆる慢性C型肝炎と呼ばれる慢性肝疾患へと進行する。このグループは、次には、深刻な肝疾患、例えば肝硬変、肝臓癌及び死へと導く末期的肝疾患の高いリスクを有する。
GB2,337,262; JP10298151; JP11126861; JP11292840; JP2001-103993; US6,159,938; US 6,187,905; 国際公開第97/43310号パンフレット; 国際公開第98/17679号パンフレット; 国際公開第98/22496号パンフレット; 国際公開第98/46597号パンフレット; 国際公開第98/46630号パンフレット; 国際公開第99/38888号パンフレット; 国際公開第99/50230号パンフレット; 国際公開第99/64442号パンフレット; 国際公開第99/07733号パンフレット; 国際公開第99/07734号パンフレット; 国際公開第00/09543号パンフレット; 国際公開第00/09558号パンフレット; 国際公開第00/20400号パンフレット; 国際公開第00/59929号パンフレット; 国際公開第00/31129号パンフレット; 国際公開第01/02424号パンフレット; 国際公開第01/07407号パンフレット; 国際公開第01/16357号パンフレット; 国際公開第01/32691号パンフレット; 国際公開第01/40262号パンフレット; 国際公開第01/58929号パンフレット; 国際公開第01/64678号パンフレット; 国際公開第01/74768号パンフレット; 国際公開第01/77113号パンフレット; 国際公開第01/81325号パンフレット; 国際公開第02/08187号パンフレット; 国際公開第02/08198号パンフレット; 国際公開第02/08244号パンフレット; 国際公開第02/08251号パンフレット; 国際公開第02/08256号パンフレット; 国際公開第02/18369号パンフレット; 国際公開第02/60926号パンフレット 及び 国際公開第02/79234号パンフレット
本発明の範囲には、式(I):
R1はヒドロキシ又はNHSO2R1A(式中、R1Aは(C1-8)アルキル、(C3-7)シクロアルキル又は{(C1-6)アルキル-(C3-7)シクロアルキル }(これらは全てハロ、シアノ、ニトロ、O-(C1-6)アルキル、アミド、アミノ又はフェニルで1〜3回適宜置換されている)であるか、又は、R1Aはハロ、シアノ、ニトロ、(C1-6)アルキル、O-(C1-6)アルキル、アミド、アミノ又はフェニルで1〜3回適宜置換されているC6又はC10アリールである)であり、
R2はt-ブチル、-CH2-C(CH3)3又は-CH2-シクロペンチルであり、
R3はt-ブチル又はシクロヘキシルであり、
R4はシクロブチル、シクロペンチル又はシクロヘキシルである。)
で表される化合物又はその医薬的に許容しうる塩が含まれる。
定義
本明細書で使用するとき、他に断らない限り、以下の定義が適用される。
式(I)で表される化合物の置換基又は不斉中心の絶対配置を指定するために(R)又は(S)を使用する場合、当該指定は化合物全体との関連でなされ、置換基又は不斉中心単独との関連でなされるものではない。
抗ウイルス剤:リバビリン及びアマンタジン;
免疫調節剤:クラスIインターフェロン、クラスIIインターフェロン及びPEG化インターフェロン;
HCVライフサイクルの別標的の阻害剤: NS3ヘリカーゼ、HCV NS2/3プロテアーゼ及び配列内リボソーム進入部位(IRES)から選ばれる標的を阻害する薬剤;
HIV阻害剤:ヌクレオシド阻害剤、非ヌクレオシド阻害剤、プロテアーゼ阻害剤、融合阻害剤及びインテグラーゼ阻害剤;又は
HBV阻害剤:HBVウイルスDNAポリメラーゼを阻害する薬剤又はHBVワクチン
前記式(I)で表される化合物において、R1がヒドロキシ、NHSO2Me、NHSO2-シクロプロピル又はNHSO2Phである化合物が好ましい。より好ましくは、R1はNHSO2Me又はヒドロキシである。特に好ましくは、R1はヒドロキシである。
本発明の医薬組成物は、あらゆる経口的に許容される剤型(カプセル、錠剤及び水性の懸濁液及び溶液が含まれるがこれらにされるものではない)で経口投与されるだろう。経口用途の錠剤の場合、一般的に使用される担体にはラクトース及びコーンスターチが含まれる。潤滑剤、例えばステアリン酸マグネシウムも典型的に添加される。カプセル形態での経口投与のための、有用な希釈剤にはラクトース及び乾燥コーンスターチが含まれる。水性懸濁液を経口投与するとき、活性成分は乳化剤及び懸濁化剤と組み合わせる。所望により、ある種の甘味剤及び/又は香料添加剤及び/又は着色剤を添加してもよい。
温度は摂氏で提供する。他に断らない限り、溶液の百分率は容量に対する質量の関係(weight to volume relationship)で表し、溶液比は容量に対する容量の関係(volume to volume relationship)で表す。核磁気共鳴(NMR)スペクトルはBruker 400 MHz分光計で記録した。化学シフト(δ)は百万分率(ppm)で報告する。フラッシュクロマトグラフィーは、Stillのフラッシュクロマトグラフィー技術(W.C. Still等, J. Org. Chem.,(1978), 43, 2923)にしたがいシリカゲル(SiO2)中で行った。
一般的に、式(I)で表される化合物及びその中間体は、反応物に適していることが知られている反応条件を使用して基地の方法によって調製する。前記の幾つかの方法は、国際公開第00/09543号パンフレット、国際公開第00/09558号パンフレット及び米国特許第6,323,180号明細書に開示される(参照することにより本明細書に組み込まれる)。
チオウレア2aの調製
カルバメート3aの調製
中間体5aの調製
化合物100の合成
Boc-ジペプチド5a(3.05g; 4.31mmol)を4N HCl/ジオキサン(22mL)に溶解した。室温下で30分間攪拌した後、HCl塩が沈殿した。MeOH(2mL)を添加して沈殿物を溶解した。2時間後、反応混合物を乾燥状態まで蒸発した。得られたHCl塩をDCM(22mL)及びDIEA(3.0mL; 17.24mmol)中に溶解し、カルバメート3a(1.15g; 4.47mmol)及びHATU(1.72g; 4.516mmol)を添加した。溶液を室温下で6時間攪拌した。次いで、混合物をEtOAcで希釈し、飽和NaHCO3(2x)、水(2x)及び塩水(1x)で洗浄し、乾燥(MgSO4)し、濾過し、蒸発させて化合物6aを黄色の固体として得た。最初にヘキサン: EtOAcの7:3、次いで6:4で溶離するフラッシュクロマトグラフィーにより純粋なMe-エステル6aを白色の泡(3.25g; 90%)として得た。M.S.(エレクトロスプレー):831.4(M-H)- 833.4(M+H)+ 855.4(M+Na)+. 逆相HPLC均一性(0.06% TFA; CH3CN: H20): 98%.
中性の化合物100(1.22g; 1.49mmol)をMeOH(30mL)中に溶解し、1当量の0.01N NaOH(14.85mL)を添加した-生成物は沈殿しなかった。黄色の透明溶液を濃縮し、脱イオン水で希釈し、凍結し、凍結乾燥して生成物(Na塩)をイエローホワイト色の非結晶性固体として得た(1.24g; 収率99%)。Na Salt: MW: 840.98 C42H53N6O9SNa M.S.(エレクトロスプレー): 817.3(M-H)- 819.4(M+H)+ 841.4(M+Na)+. 逆相HPLC均一性(0.06% TFA; CH3CN: H20): 98%. 1H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6): 回転異性体の約6:1混合物; δ 8.11-7.65(m, 4H), 7.33 (bs, 1H), 7.18-6.97(m, 2H), 6.36-6.08(m, 1H), 5.55-5.33(m, 1H), 4.98(d, J = 18.0 Hz, 1H), 4.85 (bs, 1H), 4.80(d, J = 10.4 Hz, 1H), 4.50-4.41(m, 1H), 4.22-4.02(m, 2H), 3.92(s, 3H), 2.72-2.45(m, 1H), 2.50(DMSO下, s, 2H), 2.40-2.26(m, 1H), 1.89-1.43(m, 9H), 1.37-1.30(m, 1H), 1.30-1.12(m, 1H), 1.03 & 0.90(2x s, 9H), 0.98 & 0.94(2x s, 9H).
化合物102の調製
実施例1に記載された手順にしたがい、かつ、3aの代わりにカルバメート3dを用い、分離用HPLCを用い、実施例2と同様にして最終化合物を精製することにより、化合物102をトリフルオロアセテート塩として得た。
化合物103の調製
1H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6):回転異性体の約85:15混合物、主要異性体の記述; δ12.35(s, 1H), 8.52(m, 1H), 8.43-8.06(m, 2H), 7.67-7.41(m, 2H), 7.26(d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.24-7.11(m, 1H), 5.77-5.65(m, 1H), 5.62-5.48(m, 1H), 5.23-5.15(m, 1H), 5.10-5.03(m, 1H), 4.52-4.38(m, 2H), 4.15-4.05(m, 1H), 4.03-3.89(m, 2H), 3.94(s, 3H), 2.63-2.52(m, 1H), 2.41(s, 2H), 2.35-2.23(m, 1H), 2.05-1.96(m, 1H), 1.81-1.41(m, 11H), 1.38-0.86(m, 12H), 1.04(s, 9H). M.S.(エレクトロスプレー): 857.5(M-H)- 859.4(M+H)+. 逆相HPLC均一性(0.06% TFA; CH3CN: H20): 99%
化合物104の調製
1H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6):回転異性体の約3:1混合物; δ8.02(s, 1H), 7.90(s, 1H), 7.84 (d, J = 7.0Hz, 1H), 7.70(s, 1H), 7.33(d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.14(dd, J = 2.5, 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.09(dd, J = 2.2, 9.2 Hz, 1H), 6.29-6.08(m, 1H), 5.54-5.32(m, 1H), 4.99(d, J = 15.9Hz, 1H), 4.80(d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H), 4.76-4.64(m, 1H), 4.46(dd, J = 6.7, 13.9 Hz, 1H), 4.19-4.08(m, 3H), 3.92(s, 3H), 2.70-2.61(m, 2H), 2.37-2.09(m, 4H), 2.03-1.82(m, 1H), 1.85(bs, 2H), 1.77-1.44(m, 8H), 1.35-1.29(m, 1H), 1.29-1.15(m, 4H), 0.98 & 0.90(2x s, 9H). M.S.(エレクトロスプレー): 815.3(M-H)- 817.3(M+H)+. 逆相HPLC均一性(0.06% TFA; CH3CN: H20): 98%.
化合物105の調製
1H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d6):回転異性体の約7:1混合物; δ8.58(s, 1H), 8.19 (d, J = 8.0Hz, 1H), 7.76-7.50(m, 2H), 7.35-7.20(m, 1H), 7.19(d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.78-5.67(m, 1H), 5.65-5.50(m, 1H), 5.19(d, J = 17.0 Hz, 1H), 5.07(d, J = 10.2 Hz, 1H), 4.51-4.42(m, 2H), 4.42-4.31(m, 1H), 4.02(d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 4.02-3.93(m, 1H), 3.97(s, 3H), 2.63-2.52(m, 1H), 2.42(s, 2H), 2.35-2.25(m, 1H), 2.07-1.95(m, 3H), 1.90-1.76(m, 1H), 1.70-1.41(m, 3H), 1.30-1.23(m, 1H), 1.04(s, 9H), 0.96 & 0.87(2xs, 9H), M.S.(エレクトロスプレー): 803.4(M-H)- 805.4(M+H)+. 逆相HPLC均一性(0.06% TFA; CH3CN: H20): 98%.
化合物106の調製
1H-NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6), δ12.35(s, 1H), 10.53(s, 1H), 8.87(s, 1H), 8.40-8.20(m, 1H), 8.17(d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.61(bs, 1H), 7.51(bs, 1H), 5.67-5.55(m, 2H), 5.23-5.18(m, 1H), 5.10(d, J = 12 Hz, 1H), 4.68-4.57(m, 1H), 4.50(bd, J = 12 Hz, 1H), 4.46-4.37(m, 1H), 4.07(d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.95(s, 3H), 3.17(s, 3H), 2.78-2.58(m, 1H), 2.42(s, 2H), 2.29-2.19(m, 1H), 2.19-2.09(m, 1H), 1.71(dd, J = 7.8, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 1.67-1.55(m, 4H), 1.55-1.37(m, 4H), 1.04(s, 9H), 0.98(s, 9H), 0.97-0.87(m, 2H). MS(エレクトロスプレー): 896.5(M + H)+及び 894.5(M - H)-. RP-HPLC: Rt = 6.7分(均一性 = 100%).
化合物107の調製
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ12.39(s, 1H), 10.89(s, 1H), 8.83(s, 1H), 8.40-8.22(m, 1H), 8.18(d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.90(s, 1H), 7.88(s, 1H), 7.67-7.63(m, 1H), 7.63-7.54(m, 3H), 7.54- 7.45(m, 1H), 7.30-7.15(m, 1H), 7.10(d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.62-5.51(m, 1H), 5.38-5.26(m, 1H), 5.16-5.08(m, 1H), 4.93(d, J = 10.4 Hz, 1H), 4.70-4.58(m, 1H), 4.57-4.49(m, 1H), 4.48-4.39(m, 1H), 4.09(d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 3.95(s, 3H), 2.69-2.59(m, 1H), 2.41(s, 2H), 2.28-2.16(m, 1H), 2.14-2.04(m, 1H), 1.72-1.52(m, 4H), 1.51-1.37(m, 4H), 1.29-1.22(m, 1H), 1.03(s, 9H), 1.00(s, 9H), 0.99-0.92(m, 1H). MS(エレクトロスプレー); 958.5(M + H)+及び 956.5(M - H)-. RP-HPLC: Rt = 7.2分(均一性 = 95%).
NS3-NS4Aプロテアーゼアッセイ
本発明の化合物を評価するために使用した酵素アッセイは、国際公開第00/09543号パンフレット及び国際公開第00/59929号パンフレットに記載されている。
細胞をベースとするHCV RNA複製アッセイ
細胞の培養
サブゲノミック(subgenomic)HCV複製を安定して維持するHuh7細胞を、既報(Lohman等, 1999. Science 285: 110-113)と同様にして確立し、S22.3細胞系と命名した。S22.3細胞を、10% FBS及び1mg/mLネオマイシンを補充したダルベッコ改変イーグル培地(DMEM)(標準培地)中で維持した。 アッセイの間、10% FBSを補充し、0.5% DMSOを含有するが、ネオマイシンを欠くDMEM培地(アッセイ培地)を使用した。化合物添加の16時間前、S22.3細胞をトリプシン処理し、標準培地中で50 000細胞/mlに希釈した。200μL(10 000細胞)を96ウェルプレートの各ウェルへ分配した。次いで、プレートを、翌日まで5% CO2中、37℃でインキュベートした。
10μLの試験化合物(100% DMSO中)を、2 mlのアッセイ培地へ、最終DMSO濃度0.5%で添加し、溶離を15分間超音波処理し、0.22μM Millipore フィルターユニットを用いて濾過した。900μlをポリプロピレン ディープ-ウェルタイタープレート(Polypropylene Deep-Well Titer Plate)の列Aへ移した。列B〜Hはアッセイ培地(0.5% DMSO含有)の400μLアリコートを含み、これを用いて、列から列へ400μlを移すことにより連続希釈(1/2)を調製した(列Hに化合物は含まれなかった)。
細胞培養培地を、S22.3を含む96ウェルプレートから吸引した。適切な試験化合物の希釈物を有する175μLのアッセイ培地を、化合物プレートの各ウェルから対応する細胞培養プレートのウェル(列Hは「非阻害コントロール」として使用した)へと移した。細胞培養プレートを、5% CO2中、37℃下で72時間インキュベートした。
72時間のインキュベーション期間後、トータル細胞RNAを、RNeasy 96 キット(Qiagen(登録商標), RNeasy Handbook. 1999.)を用いて、96ウェルプレートのS22.3細胞から抽出した。要約すると、アッセイ培地を細胞から完全に除去し、143 mM β-メルカプトエタノールを含有する100 μLのRLT緩衝液(Qiagen(登録商標))を96ウェル細胞培養プレートの各ウェルへ添加した。マイクロプレートを20秒間穏やかに振盪した。次いで、100 μLの70% エタノールを各マイクロプレートウェルへ添加し、ピペッティングにより混合した。ライセートを取り出し、Qiagen(登録商標)スクウェア-ウェルブロックの上部に置いたRNeasy 96(Qiagen(登録商標))プレートのウェルへ適用した。 RNeasy 96 プレートをテープで封止し、RNeasy 96 プレートを有するスクウェア-ウェルブロックをホルダーへロードし、4K15C 遠心機のローターバケットに置いた。サンプルを6000 rpm(〜5600 x g)で室温下で4分間遠心分離した。テープをプレートから取り外し、0.8 mlの緩衝液RW1(Qiagen(登録商標) RNeasy 96 キット)をRNeasy 96 プレートの各ウェルへ添加した。RNeasy 96プレートを新しいテープ片で封止し、6000 rpm で室温下4分間遠心分離した。RNeasy 96プレートを、別の清潔なスクウェア-ウェルブロックの上部に置き、テープを取り外し、0.8 mlの緩衝液RPE(Qiagen(登録商標) RNeasy 96 キット)をRNeasy 96プレートの各ウェルへ添加した。RNeasy 96プレートを新しいテープ片で封止し、6000 rpm で室温下4分間遠心分離した。テープを取り外し、別の0.8 mlの緩衝液RPE(Qiagen(登録商標) RNeasy 96キット)をRNeasy 96プレートの各ウェルへ添加した。RNeasy 96プレートを新しいテープ片で封止し、6000 rpm で室温下10分間遠心分離した。テープを取り外し、RNeasy 96プレートを1.2-mL収集マイクロチューブを含むラックの上部に置いた。50 μLのRNaseフリー水を各ウェルへ添加することによりRNAを溶離し、新しいテープ片でプレートを封止し、室温下で1分間インキュベートした。次いでプレートを6000 rpmで室温下で4分間遠心分離した。溶離工程を、第2の容量の50 μl RNaseフリー水を用いて繰り返した。トータル細胞RNAを有するマイクロチューブを-70℃で保管した。
RNAを、RiboGreen(登録商標)RNA定量キット(Molecular Probes(登録商標))を用いてSTORM(登録商標)システム(Molecular Dynamics(登録商標))で定量化した。要約すると、RiboGreen試薬をTE(10mM Tris-HCl pH =7.5, 1mM EDTA)中で200倍に希釈した。一般的に、50μLの試薬を10mL TE中で希釈した。リボソームRNAの検量線をTE中で2μg/mLまで希釈し、あらかじめ決められた量(100, 50, 40, 20, 10, 5, 2 及び 0μL)のリボソームRNA溶液を新しい96ウェルプレート(COSTAR # 3997)へ移し、TEを用いて容積100μLを達成した。一般的に、96ウェルプレートのカラム1を検量線のために使用し、その他のウェルをRNAサンプルの定量のために使用した。定量を行う10μLの各RNAサンプルを96ウェルプレートの対応するウェルへと移し、90μLのTEを添加した。1容量(100μL)の希釈RiboGreen試薬を96ウェルプレートの各ウェルへ添加し、室温下で2〜5分間インキュベートし、光から保護した(200μL 最終容量中の10μL RNAサンプルは20X 希釈を生じる)。各ウェルの蛍光強度をSTORM(登録商標)システム(Molecular Dynamics(登録商標))で測定した。検量線を、既知量リボソームRNA及び得られた蛍光強度に基づいて作成した。実験サンプル中のRNA濃度は検量線から決定し、20X希釈について補正した。
リアルタイムRT-PCRを、TaqMan EZ RT-PCR キット(Perkin-Elmer Applied Biosystems(登録商標))を用いてABI Prism 7700 配列検出システムで行った。RT-PCRは、既報(Martell等, 1999. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37: 327-332)の技術に類似するTaqmanテクノロジー(Roche Molecular Diagnostics Systems)を用いて、HCV RNAの5' IRESの定量について最適化した。システムは、AmpliTaq DNAポリメラーゼの5'-3'ヌクレオチド切断(nucleolytic)活性を利用する。要約すると、この方法は、PCRプライマー(プライマー8125及び7028)間の鋳型に特異的にアニールする二重標識蛍光発生的ハイブリダイゼーションプローブ(PUTRプローブ)を利用する。プローブは、5'末端に蛍光リポーター(6-カルボキシフルオレセイン[FAM])を含み、3'末端に蛍光クエンチャー(6-カルボキシテトラメチルローダミン[TAMRA])を含んでいる。FAMリポーターの発酵スペクトルは、無傷のハイブリダイゼーションプローブのクエンチャーにより抑制された。ハイブリダイゼーションプローブのヌクレアーゼ分解はリポーターを遊離させ、結果として蛍光発光の増加が起こる。ABI Prism 7700配列検出器は、増幅産物がシグナルに正比例するように、PCR増幅の間、蛍光発光の増加を連続的に測定する。増幅プロットを、産物蓄積の対数期を表すポイントにおける反応の初期において分析した。配列検出器についてPCR産物の指数関数的増殖と関連する蛍光シグナルの増加の定義された検出閾値を表すポイントを、サイクル閾値(cycle threshold(CT))として定義した。CT値はインプットHCV RNA量に反比例する; そのため、同一のPCR条件下では、HCV RNAの出発濃度が大きいほどCT値は小さくなる。検量線は、既知のHCV RNA濃度の各標準希釈物に対してCTをプロットすることによりABI Prism 7700検出システムにより自動的に作成された。
リバースプライマー配列(配列番号2): 5' - TCC CGG GGC ACT CGC AAG CAC CCT ATC AGG - 3'
50℃ 2分
60℃ 30分
95℃ 5分
60℃ 1分
(上記95℃15秒及び60℃1分を2サイクル)
60℃ 1分
(90℃15秒及び60℃1分を40サイクル)
100 - [(g.e./μg 阻害(inh))/(g.e./μg 対照(ctl))x 100].
特異性アッセイ
化合物の選択性を評価するために使用した特異性アッセイは国際公開第00/09543号パンフレットに記載される。
化合物を特異性アッセイで評価したところ、式(I)で表される化合物は、ヒト白血球エラスターゼ及びカテプシンBアッセイにおいて有意な阻害を示さない点で選択的であることを見いだした。
薬物動態学的性質
本発明の化合物は、例えば4又は5mg/kgの経口投与1時間後及び2時間後のラットにおける検出可能な血漿レベル等の良好な薬物動態学的性質を示す。
より明確には、インビボ経口吸収スクリーニングである以下のアッセイを使用して、経口投与後のラットにおける試験化合物の血漿レベルを決定した。
1.化合物をプールするために用いた方法(「カセット選択」)
「カセット」にプールされる化合物の選択は、化合物の構造類似性及び物理化学的性質に基づいた。全ての選択化合物に適用可能な固相抽出法を確立した。各化合物をラット血漿にスパイク(spike)し、0.5 μMの濃度でHPLC又はHPLC/MSに通す初期試験に基づいて、保持時間、イオン質量並びにHPLC及び/又はHPLC/MSによる化合物間の可能な分離を、3〜4つの化合物を1つの「カセット」へプールする基礎として使用した。
各「カセット」は3〜4つの化合物を各化合物につき5又は4mg/kgの濃度で含んでいる。カセットは、0.5% 水性メチルセルロース及び0.3%のポリオキシエチレン(20)ソルビタンモノオレエート(Tween-80)中の経口用懸濁液として調製した。
雄のSprague Dawleyラットを、水性10%ブドウ糖へのアクセスが可能な個々のケージ中で一晩絶食させた。2匹のラットに各「カセット」を投与した。投与1及び2時間後に、2匹のラットから血漿サンプル(〜1 ml)を収集し、抽出及び分析のためにプールした。
各カセットから、1及び2時間後の血漿サンプル、ブランクの血漿、各0.5 μMの全化合物でスパイクしたブランクの血漿を、固相抽出法により抽出した。比較目的で、サンプルをHPLC及びHPLC/MSで分析した。血漿濃度を、0.5 μM標準の単一濃度に基づいて確立する。
前記のスクリーニングでアッセイしたところ、本発明の実施例1〜8の化合物は、経口投与後1〜2時間の間隔において有意なレベルで血漿中に存在することを見いだした。平均して血漿レベルはそれぞれ0.83 μM 及び 0.75 μMであった。
本発明のトリペプチド化合物についてのインビボ経口吸収に関するこの実証は、このクラスのペプチドに一般的に起因する乏しい経口吸収を鑑みると注目すべきものである。容易な経口吸収は、本発明の化合物をHCV感染治療に対して有用なものとする。
Claims (17)
- 式(I):
(式中、
R1はヒドロキシ又はNHSO2R1A(式中、R1Aは(C1-8)アルキル、(C3-7)シクロアルキル又は{(C1-6)アルキル-(C3-7)シクロアルキル }(これらは全てハロ、シアノ、ニトロ、O-(C1-6)アルキル、アミド、アミノ又はフェニルで1〜3回適宜置換されている)であるか、又は、R1Aはハロ、シアノ、ニトロ、(C1-6)アルキル、O-(C1-6)アルキル、アミド、アミノ又はフェニルで1〜3回適宜置換されているC6又はC10アリールである)であり、
R2はt-ブチル、-CH2-C(CH3)3又は-CH2-シクロペンチルであり、
R3はt-ブチル又はシクロヘキシルであり、
R4はシクロブチル、シクロペンチル又はシクロヘキシルである。)
で表される化合物又はその医薬的に許容しうる塩。 - R1がヒドロキシ、NHSO2Me、NHSO2-シクロプロピル又はNHSO2Phである、請求項1に記載の式(I)で表される化合物。
- R1がNHSO2Me又はヒドロキシである、請求項2に記載の式(I)で表される化合物。
- R1がヒドロキシである、請求項3に記載の式(I)で表される化合物。
- R2がt-ブチル又はCH2-C(CH3)3である、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の式(I)で表される化合物。
- R2がCH2-C(CH3)3である、請求項5に記載の式(I)で表される化合物。
- R3がt-ブチルである、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の式(I)で表される化合物。
- R4がシクロペンチル又はシクロヘキシルである、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の式(I)で表される化合物。
- R4がシクロペンチルである、請求項8に記載の式(I)で表される化合物。
- R1がヒドロキシであり、R2がCH2-C(CH3)3であり、R3がt-ブチルであり、R4がシクロペンチルである、請求項1に記載の式(I)で表される化合物。
- R1がヒドロキシであり、R2及びR3がそれぞれt-ブチルであり、R4がシクロペンチルである、請求項1に記載の式(I)で表される化合物。
- R1がヒドロキシであり、R2がCH2-C(CH3)3であり、R3がシクロヘキシルであり、R4がシクロペンチルである、請求項1に記載の式(I)で表される化合物。
- R1がヒドロキシであり、R2がCH2-C(CH3)3であり、R3及びR4がそれぞれシクロヘキシルである、請求項1に記載の式(I)で表される化合物。
- R1がヒドロキシであり、R2がシクロペンチルメチルであり、R3がt-ブチルであり、R4がシクロブチルである、請求項1に記載の式(I)で表される化合物。
- R1がヒドロキシであり、R2がCH2-C(CH3)3であり、R3がt-ブチルであり、R4がシクロブチルである、請求項1に記載の式(I)で表される化合物。
- R1がNHSO2Meであり、R2がCH2-C(CH3)3であり、R3がt-ブチルであり、R4がシクロペンチルである、請求項1に記載の式(I)で表される化合物。
- R1がNHSO2Phであり、R2がCH2-C(CH3)3であり、R3がt-ブチルであり、R4がシクロペンチルである、請求項1に記載の式(I)で表される化合物。
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