JP3935842B2 - 分析物測定 - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は流体の特定の性質、特に、限定的ではないが、各種体液およびこれらの中における特定の分析物の濃度を測定するための装置および方法に関する。本発明の少なくとも一部の態様は特に血液および皮膚(間質液)および皮下の液体等の別の各種の体液中のグルコース量の測定に関する。
本発明の目的は改善された構成を提供することであり、第1の態様から見た場合に、本発明は流体中における分析物の濃度を測定するための装置を提供しており、この装置は、支持部材、当該支持部材に備えられていて上記濃度を測定するための分析物感知手段、および当該分析物感知手段に対して液体を介して連絡していて上記流体を当該感知手段に搬送するための微小通路を備えている。
次に、本発明の特定の好ましい実施形態を、後述する各添付図面に基づいて、例示のみを目的として、以下において説明する。
図1において、使用者における血液グルコースの量を測定するために適している皮膚パッチ2が示されている。このパッチ2は2個の層3aおよび層3bにより形成されている。
上記のような微小通路システム8が図6bにおいてさらに詳細に示されている。この微小通路608はポート607に対して直接的に連絡しており、このポートの中に針4からの流体が流れ込む。ポート607の下流側に電気浸透式の流れを提供する一対の不活性な電極610を備えている電極システムがある。これらの電極は第2の支持層3b(明瞭化のためにこの図において省略されている)に形成されている。その後、この第2の支持層は上記第1の支持層3a上に貼り合わされて、微小通路608が閉鎖されて各電極610がこれに接触する。各電極610は互いに近接して配置されており、電気浸透式のポンプ・システムを一体に形成している。電圧差をこれらの電極の間に印加することにより、この微小通路608に沿って流体を駆動するための電場が発生する。
次に、皮膚パッチ2の動作を説明する。このパッチは使用者の皮膚に対して取り付けられて、その針4をその皮膚における皮膚層の中に実質的に侵入させる。これにより、その皮膚内の流体が針4に吸い上げられて、この装置のポート7の中に到達する。次に、図6cにおいて、流体136が微小通路608の中に上記疎水性ゲート612まで吸い込まれており、この場所でその流れが止められていることが分かる。測定が必要とされる場合に、上記コントローラー装置102が上記電気−浸透式ポンプ610に対して、その2個の電極間における電圧差の形態で、適当な信号を送る。このことにより、流体136が第1の疎水性ゲート612の中を流れて上記分析物センサー611を通過し、上記第2の(随意的な)ゲート612に到達する。この間質液136がそのセンサー611に接触すると、これらの分析物センサーにより測定が行なわれる。
上記微小通路608の代替的な形態が図6aにおいて示されている。この形態は、上記の電気化学的センサー611が光化学的センサー615に置き換えられていることを除いて、図6bにおいて示されている形態に類似している。この光センサーは、例えば、グルコース・オキシダーゼ(GOD)、ホースラデイッシュ・ペルオキシダーゼ(POD)、およびロイコ色素(色素分子の無色の前駆体)(例えば、2,2−アジノ−ジ−[3−エチルベンズチアゾリン−スルホネート])を収容している反応チャンバー616を有している。この光学システムは上記の例に限定されず、任意の適当な酵素−色素の組み合わせを含むことができる。生じる反応は以下のようである。
図5は既に説明した各実施形態に類似している本発明のさらに別の好ましい実施形態を概略的に示しており、例えば、1.4mmの長さおよび0.3mmの幅を含むがこれらに限らない中空の針504を有しており、この針が使用者の皮膚における皮膚層に実質的に侵入する。
図8a乃至図8dは本発明の2種類のさらに別の実施形態をそれぞれ示している図である。前述の各実施形態に対して、これらは共に使用者の血液グルコースを測定するために適している単一回使用型の試験片である。これらはそれゆえ従来の各種試験片に類似している様式で使用される。しかしながら、原理的な違いはこれらがそれぞれその一端部に一体化されたランスを有していることである。
1.サンプリング・モジュール
次に、図17a乃至図21において、生体外の継続的なモニター・システムにおける本発明の最も好ましい実施形態に関連して本発明を以下に説明する。
電極システムにより構成されている電気化学的検出システムが図19において示されている。この電極システムは少なくとも1個の作用電極418(例えば、金または炭素)および基準電極420(例えば、銀/塩化銀)を備えている。この基準電極420は各通路402に対する共通電極として作用するために円形であり、これにより、必要な接触部材の数を減少している。あるいは、各通路は特異的な電極を備えることができる。例えば、各通路402は特異的に用いられる作用電極418を有している。加えて、対電極(図示せず)を加えることもできる。上記の電極418,420は各通路402の中に流体を介して接触するように配置されている。既に説明されているように、各通路402は支持層の中における開口状の複数の通路として形成されている。一方、各電極420,418は上層のラミネート層にスクリーン印刷されており、このラミネート層がこれらの通路402をシールするように作用する。上記作用電極の材料は使用する酵素インクに応じてきまる。例えば、各種の炭素作用電極に対応するレドックス媒介システムと金またはプラチナの各種電極に対応する酸素媒介システムとを識別することができる。
一例の測定通路402の概略図が図19において示されている。この通路402は針410および分配用凹部416から各電極418,420を含む通路の本体部分402(例えば、200μm×100μm)の中を通過している。
切り替え機構404は所定時間の経過後における使用済みの電気化学的なシステムの交換を可能にする。一般に、電気化学的システムはその電極表面における各種のタンパク質またはその他の物質の沈殿または吸着により汚れやすい。
安全な動作を確実にするために、上記の廃棄物貯蔵部分406が充たされているか、依然として一定速度で充たされつつあるか、あるいは、上記針410が患者の皮膚層から外されて継続的なサンプルの流れが停止されていること、上記コントローラーが決定することが好ましい。このことを達成するために、上記廃棄物貯蔵部分406はその貯蔵部分の上部および下部において2個の電極(図示せず)を備えることができる。サンプル流体に対して電気的に接触していないが、これらの電極は構造体の中における空気がサンプル流体により徐々に交換される状態におけるキャパシタンスの変化を測定する。このキャパシタンスの変化における速度がそのサンプル流体の流量に直接的に比例し、その進行中の抽出における密接なモニターが可能になる。
上記の代替例は別々のグルコース値のスケジュールに基づく測定である。この実施形態の場合に、上記の廃棄物貯蔵部分はその針およびサンプリング・モジュールの固有容積に置き換わるために十分なだけの大きさであるが、例えば12個の通路の代わりに、この場合のチップはさらに多くの数の通路(例えば、72個または144個の通路)を収容する。このような構造は10分ごとの別々のグルコース試験を伴う12時間または24時間にわたる測定周期を支援できる。このような半継続的な方法の利点は経時的な流体サンプル内への各種試薬の移動がもはや問題にならなくなるという事実により架橋されたヒドロゲルの使用が必要でなくなることであると考えられる。従って、米国特許第5,708,247号において開示されているような従来的な各種の酵素インクが使用可能になる。
3a,3b 2個の層
4 侵入装置
5 圧力リング
7 分配ポート
8 微小通路システム
10 ポンプ・システム
11 検出器
12 疎水性ゲート
102 コントローラー装置
Claims (13)
- 間質液中におけるグルコースの濃度を測定するための装置において、
支持部材、
前記支持部材に前記間質液を伝達するために当該支持部材における中央の領域内に位置決めされている中空の侵入部材を備えており、この場合に、当該中空の侵入部材が前記支持部材における表面部分に対して垂直であり、さらに、前記装置が、
前記支持部材の一方の側に形成されている微小通路を備えており、当該微小通路の一端部が前記侵入部材から前記間質液を受容するように構成されており、さらに、前記装置が、
前記微小通路を通過する体液中におけるグルコースの濃度を測定するために前記支持部材において位置決めされているグルコース・センサーを備え、
前記微小通路は、当該微小通路内における間質液の流れを調整することに適合している少なくとも1個の流量調整ゲートを有している装置。 - 前記支持部材の一方の側において形成されている複数の微小通路を備えており、当該微小通路のそれぞれの一端部が前記侵入部材から間質液を受容するように構成されており、さらに、前記装置が、
前記微小通路のそれぞれを通過する体液中におけるグルコースの濃度を測定するために前記支持部材において備えられている複数のグルコース・センサーを備えている請求項1に記載の装置。 - 前記微小通路のそれぞれが当該微小通路内における間質液の流れを調整することに適合している少なくとも1個の流量調整ゲートを有している請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記流量調整ゲートのそれぞれが選択的に制御可能である請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 前記流量調整ゲートが前記グルコース・センサーを通過する間質液の流れをそれぞれ調整する請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 前記流量調整ゲートが少なくとも1個の疎水性のゲートをそれぞれ含む請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 間質液の流れの中におけるグルコースを測定するための装置において、
複数の感知手段を備えており、当該感知手段のそれぞれが前記間質液の流れを受容して当該間質液中におけるグルコース濃度を測定することに適合しており、さらに、前記装置が、
前記複数の感知手段のそれぞれ1個に前記間質液の流れを選択的に案内するための手段を備えている装置。 - 間質液中におけるグルコースを測定するための装置において、
前記間質液の流れを受容して当該間質液中におけるグルコース濃度を測定することに適合している少なくとも1個の感知手段、および
前記感知手段に前記間質液の流れを選択的に案内するための手段を備えており、当該選択的に案内するための手段が、
前記間質液を受容するための入口部分および出口部分を有する微小通路を有しており、当該出口部分が膜により密封してシールされており、さらに前記選択的に案内するための手段が、
前記膜に開口部を形成するために十分に当該膜を加熱することに適合しているアドレス可能な加熱手段を有している装置。 - 前記アドレス可能な加熱手段が選択されて、排出用の開口部が前記膜に形成されるまで、前記間質液が前記感知手段に向けて流れることを阻止されている請求項8に記載の装置。
- 前記加熱手段が前記膜に配置されている電極を含む請求項8または9に記載の装置。
- 前記電極が高められた抵抗の部分を有している請求項10に記載の装置。
- 前記選択的に案内するための手段がさらに、
前記入口部分と前記感知手段との間の前記微小通路の中に配置されている第1の受動弁、および
前記感知手段と前記出口部分との間の前記微小通路の中に配置されている第2の受動弁を有しており、これにより、液体が前記微小通路の中に流れて、前記加熱手段が活性化されて排出用の開口部が前記膜に形成されるまで、前記第1の受動弁により停止され、さらに前記排出用の開口部の形成により、気体が前記微小通路から放出されて、前記液体が前記第1の受動弁を突破して、当該液体が前記第2の受動弁に到達して停止するまで、前記感知処理用の位置を流れて通過する請求項8〜11のいずれかに記載の装置。 - さらに、
液体を供給するための中央の導管を備えており、当該導管が入口および出口を有しており、さらに、前記装置が、
複数の感知用の分枝部分を備えており、これにより、前記微小通路の入口のそれぞれが前記中央の導管の出口に接続しており、前記液体が当該中央の導管から選択された前記感知用の分枝部分における前記加熱手段を活性化することにより当該選択された感知用の分枝部分に対して選択的に送られる請求項12に記載の装置。
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PCT/GB2001/005634 WO2002049507A1 (en) | 2000-12-19 | 2001-12-19 | Analyte measurement |
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EP (4) | EP1769735B1 (ja) |
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CN (2) | CN1292703C (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE457064T1 (ja) |
AU (2) | AU2002222275A1 (ja) |
CA (2) | CA2432535A1 (ja) |
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HK (2) | HK1065591A1 (ja) |
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