JP2012522105A - 微多孔膜、かかる膜の製造方法、およびバッテリーセパレーターフィルムとしてのかかる膜の使用 - Google Patents
微多孔膜、かかる膜の製造方法、およびバッテリーセパレーターフィルムとしてのかかる膜の使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012522105A JP2012522105A JP2012503459A JP2012503459A JP2012522105A JP 2012522105 A JP2012522105 A JP 2012522105A JP 2012503459 A JP2012503459 A JP 2012503459A JP 2012503459 A JP2012503459 A JP 2012503459A JP 2012522105 A JP2012522105 A JP 2012522105A
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- membrane
- polyethylene
- microporous membrane
- temperature
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- B01D2325/34—Molecular weight or degree of polymerisation
- B01D2325/341—At least two polymers of same structure but different molecular weight
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/494—Tensile strength
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Cell Separators (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2009年5月11日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/177,060号および2009年6月25日出願の欧州特許出願公開第091636985号;2009年3月30日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/164,824号および2009年5月25日出願の欧州特許出願公開第091609644号;2009年3月30日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/164,817号および2009年5月25日出願の欧州特許出願公開第091609651号;2009年3月30日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/164,833号および2009年5月25日出願の欧州特許出願公開第091609669号;2009年3月30日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/164,827号および2009年5月25日出願の欧州特許出願公開第091609677号;2009年6月24日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/220,094号および2009年8月19日出願の欧州特許出願公開第091681940号の優先権を主張し、それぞれの内容を全体として参照により組み入れるものとする。
(1)希釈剤と、1.0質量%〜20.0質量%の130.0℃以下のT80、100.0℃以上のT25を有し、T80−T25≦25℃である第1のポリエチレンを含むポリマーとの混合物を押し出す工程;
(2)押出物を少なくとも1つの平面方向に延伸する工程;および
(3)希釈剤の少なくとも一部を延伸押出物から除去する工程
を含む微多孔膜の製造方法に関する。
[1]微多孔性ポリオレフィン膜の製造に用いる材料の組成
(1)ポリエチレン樹脂(1種または複数)
(a)第1のポリエチレン
(b)第2のポリエチレン
(c)第3のポリエチレン
(d)第1のポリエチレン、第2のポリエチレン、および第3のポリエチレン
(e)分子量分布 MWD
(2)さらなるポリマー
[2]微多孔膜の製造方法
(1)ポリオレフィンと希釈剤との混合
(2)押出し
(3)随意である押出物の冷却
(4)押出物の延伸
(5)希釈剤の除去
(6)膜の乾燥
(7)熱処理
(8)膜の延伸(乾燥配向)
(i)MD延伸は、膜を、例えば70.0℃〜129.0℃、または約80℃〜約125℃といった、Tcd−30℃〜およそTm−10℃の範囲の第1の温度にさらしながら行い、
(ii)TD延伸は、膜を、例えば70.0℃〜129.0℃、または約105℃〜約125℃、または約110℃〜約120℃といった、第1の温度より高いがTmよりは低い第2の温度にさらしながら行う。
(9)膜の制御された幅の縮小(膜の熱緩和)
[3]構造、特性、および組成
(a)標準化透気度≦6.0×102秒/100cm3/20μm
(b)約25%〜約80%の範囲の空孔率
(c)標準化突刺強度≧1.5×102gf/20μm
(d)シャットダウン温度<130.5℃
(e)メルトダウン温度≧140℃
(f)少なくとも1つの平面方向への105℃熱収縮率≦10%
[4]バッテリーセパレーターおよび電池
実施例
実施例1
実施例2
実施例3
実施例4
実施例5
実施例6
実施例7
実施例8
実施例9
実施例10
実施例11
比較例1
比較例2
比較例3
比較例4
比較例5
Claims (25)
- 膜の質量を基準として1.0質量%以上の、130.0℃以下のT80、100.0℃以上のT25、および25.0℃以下のT80−T25を有する第1のポリオレフィンを含むことを特徴とする微多孔膜。
- 第1のポリオレフィンが、ポリエチレンであり、膜が膜の質量を基準として1.0質量%〜20.0質量%のポリエチレンを含み、膜が130.5℃以下のシャットダウン温度を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の微多孔膜。
- 第1のポリオレフィンが、1.0×104〜4.0×105の範囲のMwを有することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の微多孔膜。
- 第1のポリオレフィンが、120.0℃〜126.0℃の範囲のTmを有することを特徴とする請求項2または3に記載の微多孔膜。
- 微多孔膜が、6.0×102秒/100cm3/20μm以下の標準化透気度、1.5×103gf/20μm以上の標準化突刺強度、および10.0%以下の範囲のTDへの105℃熱収縮を有することを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の微多孔膜。
- 微多孔膜が、120.0℃〜130.0℃の範囲のシャットダウン温度を有することを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の微多孔膜。
- 微多孔膜が、124.0℃〜129.0℃の範囲のシャットダウン温度を有することを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の微多孔膜。
- 微多孔膜が1.0×106を超えるMwを有する第2のポリエチレンおよび/または1.0×106以下のMw、132.0℃を超えるT80を有する第3のポリエチレンをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項2〜7のいずれかに記載の微多孔膜。
- 第1のポリオレフィンが1.0×105以上のMw、15℃以下のT80−T25を有し、かつ第1のポリオレフィンが、膜の質量を基準として10質量%〜30質量%の範囲で膜中に存在することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の微多孔膜。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の微多孔膜を含むことを特徴とするバッテリーセパレーター。
- 微多孔膜の製造方法であって、
(1)希釈剤と、1.0質量%〜20.0質量%の130.0℃以下のT80、100.0℃以上のT25を有し、T80−T25≦25.0℃である第1のポリエチレンを含むポリマーとの混合物を押し出す工程;
(2)押出物を少なくとも1つの平面方向に延伸する工程;および
(3)希釈剤の少なくとも一部を延伸押出物から除去する工程
を含むことを特徴とする微多孔膜の製造方法。 - 希釈剤が、脂肪族、脂環式、または芳香族炭化水素、鉱油蒸留物、およびフタル酸エステルの1種または複数であり、25℃の温度で測定した場合に30〜500cStの粘度を有することを特徴とする請求項11に記載の製造方法。
- 工程(1)の押出しが、140℃〜250℃の範囲の温度にて行われることを特徴とする請求項11または12に記載の製造方法。
- ポリマー−希釈剤混合物中のポリマーの量が混合物の質量を基準として5質量%〜50質量%の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項11〜13のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 工程(3)に続いて膜を少なくとも1つの平面方向に延伸する工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項11〜14のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 工程(3)に続いて膜を熱処理にかける工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項11〜15のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 膜が1.0×106を超えるMwを有する第2のポリエチレンならびに/または1.0×106以下のMwおよび132.0℃を超えるT80を有する第3のポリエチレンをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項11〜16のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 工程(3)の延伸が、押出物を90.0℃〜125.0℃の範囲の温度にさらしながら面積が9倍〜49倍の範囲の倍率になるまで二軸に行われることを特徴とする請求項11〜17のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 工程(3)の後に、残留したいずれかの揮発性種を膜から除去する工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項11に記載の製造方法。
- 膜が、工程(3)に続く膜の延伸中に70.0℃〜135.0℃の範囲の温度にさらされることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の製造方法。
- 請求項11〜20のいずれかに記載の膜生成物。
- 電解質と、負極と、正極と、負極と正極の間に位置するセパレーターとを含む電池であって、セパレーターが1.0質量%以上の130.0℃以下のT80、100.0℃以上のT25を有し、T80−T25≦25.0℃である第1のポリオレフィンを含み(質量%はセパレーターの質量が基準)、セパレーターが130.5℃以下のシャットダウン温度を有することを特徴とする電池。
- 電池が、リチウムイオン二次電池、リチウムポリマー二次電池、ニッケル水素二次電池、ニッケルカドミウム二次電池、ニッケル亜鉛二次電池、または銀亜鉛二次電池であることを特徴とする請求項22に記載の電池。
- 正極が、集電体、およびリチウムイオンを吸収かつ放出することができる集電体上の正極活物質層を含むことを特徴とする請求項22に記載の電池。
- 電解質が、有機溶媒中のリチウム塩を含むことを特徴とする請求項23に記載の電池。
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