JP2010150287A - 改良された細菌外膜小胞 - Google Patents
改良された細菌外膜小胞 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】代表的なプロセスは、(a)界面活性剤の実質的な非存在下で細菌細胞を処理する工程;(b)工程(a)からの組成物を遠心分離して、処理した細胞および細胞破片から外膜小胞を分離し、そして上清を収集する工程;(c)工程(b)からの上清の高速遠心分離を実施し、そしてその外膜小胞をペレット中に収集する工程;(d)工程(c)からのペレットを緩衝液中に再分散させる工程;(e)工程(c)に従って第2回目の高速遠心分離を実施し、その外膜小胞をペレット中に収集する工程;(f)工程(e)からのペレットを水性媒体中に再分散させる工程;を包含する。
【選択図】図2
Description
本発明は、免疫目的のための小胞調製物の分野にある。
N.meningitidis感染に対して免疫するための種々のアプローチのうちの1つは、外膜小胞(OMV)を使用することである。血清群Bに対する有効なOMVワクチンが、ノルウェーの国立公共衛生研究所によって生成された[例えば、参考文献1を参照のこと]が、このワクチンは、安全でありそしてMenB疾患を予防するが、その効力は、このワクチンを生成するために使用した株に限定される。
細菌小胞調製物に関する1つの欠点は、重要な防御抗原が存在しないことである。OMV調製物中にNspAのような抗原を保持するために、参考文献20(特許文献1)は、nspA発現が、porAおよびcpsの同時ノックアウトによってアップレギュレートされるべきであることを教示する。さらに改良された小胞調製物を、その製造プロセスとともに提供することが、本発明の目的である。特に、N.meningitidis由来の重要な細菌免疫原性成分を保持する小胞を提供することが、本発明の目的である。
細菌から外膜小胞調製物を製造するためのプロセスであって、該細菌膜は、デオキシコール酸界面活性剤の非存在下で実質的に破壊される、プロセス。
(項目2)
項目1に記載のプロセスであって、前記細菌膜は、あらゆる界面活性剤の非存在下で実質的に破壊される、プロセス。
(項目3)
項目1または2に記載のプロセスであって、該プロセスは、以下の基本工程:
(a)界面活性剤の実質的な非存在下で細菌細胞を処理する工程;
(b)工程(a)からの組成物を遠心分離して、処理した細胞および細胞破片から外膜小胞を分離し、そして上清を収集する工程;
(c)工程(b)からの上清の高速遠心分離を実施し、そして該外膜小胞をペレット中に収集する工程;
(d)工程(c)からのペレットを緩衝液中に再分散させる工程;
(e)工程(c)に従って第2回目の高速遠心分離を実施し、該外膜小胞をペレット中に収集する工程;
(f)工程(e)からのペレットを水性媒体中に再分散させる工程;
を包含する、プロセス。
(項目4)
項目3に記載のプロセスであって、該プロセスは、以下の工程:
(g)工程(f)からの再分散された組成物を、漸減する孔径の少なくとも2つのフィルターを通して滅菌濾過する工程;および
(h)必要に応じて、工程(g)からの組成物を、薬学的に受容可能なキャリアおよび/またはアジュバント組成物中に含める工程;
をさらに包含する、プロセス。
(項目5)
項目3または項目4に記載のプロセスであって、
工程(b)は、約5000g〜10000gにて1時間までの遠心分離を含み、
工程(c)および(e)は、約35000g〜100000gにて2時間までの遠心分離を含む、
プロセス。
(項目6)
項目1〜5のうちのいずれか1項に記載のプロセスであって、膜破壊が、超音波処理、ホモジナイゼーション、マイクロフルイダイゼーション、キャビテーション、浸透圧性ショック、粉砕、フレンチプレス、混合、または他の任意の物理的技術による、プロセス。
(項目7)
項目1〜6のうちのいずれか1項に記載のプロセスであって、工程(d)および/または工程(f)において使用される緩衝液は、Tris緩衝液、リン酸緩衝液、またはヒスチジン緩衝液である、プロセス。
(項目8)
項目5〜7のうちのいずれか1項に記載のプロセスであって、工程(g)は、孔径約0.2μmのフィルターを用いて終了する、プロセス。
(項目9)
項目1〜8のうちのいずれか1項に記載のプロセスであって、外膜小胞が調製される細菌は、Moraxella属、Shigella属、Pseudomonas属、Treponema属、Porphyromonas属、Helicobacter属またはNeisseria属に由来する、プロセス。
(項目10)
項目9に記載のプロセスであって、前記細菌は、N.meningitidisまたはN.gonorrhoeaeである、プロセス。
(項目11)
項目10に記載のプロセスであって、前記N.meningitidisは、血清群Bに由来する、プロセス。
(項目12)
項目1〜11のうちのいずれか1項に記載のプロセスであって、該プロセスは、
免疫学的に有効な量の前記外膜小胞を、免疫原性組成物として処方する工程
をさらに包含する、プロセス。
(項目13)
項目1〜12のうちのいずれか1項に記載のプロセスによって入手可能な、外膜小胞組成物。
(項目14)
Neisseria meningitidis小胞組成物であって、該小胞は、(i)NspAタンパク質、(ii)「287」タンパク質、および(iii)「741」タンパク質を含むことを特徴とする、組成物。
(項目15)
項目13または項目14に記載の組成物であって、前記組成物は、滅菌されており、かつ/または発熱物質を含まず、かつ/またはpH6.0とpH7.0との間のpHにて緩衝化されている、組成物。
(項目16)
医薬として使用するための、項目13〜15のうちのいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
(項目17)
患者において免疫応答を惹起する方法であって、該方法は、
患者に、項目13〜15のうちのいずれか1項に記載の組成物を投与する工程
を包含する、方法。
(項目18)
患者において免疫応答を惹起するための医薬の製造における、項目13〜15のうちのいずれか1項に記載の外膜小胞の使用。
(発明の開示)
髄膜炎菌性OMVを調製する先行技術の方法は、細菌膜の破壊の間に界面活性剤を使用すること[例えば、デオキシコール酸界面活性剤が使用される、参考文献22を参照のこと]を包含する。本発明は、界面活性剤の実質的に非存在下で膜を破壊すると、重要な細菌免疫原性成分(特に、(i)防御NspA表面タンパク質、(ii)「287」タンパク質、および(iii)「741」タンパク質)を保持するOMVを生じるという、驚くべき発見に基づく。
(a)界面活性剤の実質的な非存在下で細菌細胞を処理する工程;
(b)工程(a)からの組成物を遠心分離して、処理した細胞および細胞破片から外膜小胞を分離し、そして上清を収集する工程;
(c)工程(b)からの上清の高速遠心分離を実施し、そして上記外膜小胞をペレット中に収集する工程;
(d)工程(c)からのペレットを緩衝液中に再分散させる工程;
(e)工程(c)に従って第2回目の高速遠心分離を実施し、上記外膜小胞をペレット中に収集する工程;
(f)工程(e)からのペレットを水性媒体中に再分散させる工程;
を包含する。
(g)工程(f)からの再分散され組成物を、漸減する孔径の少なくとも2つのフィルターを通して滅菌濾過する工程;および
(h)必要に応じて、工程(g)からの組成物を、薬学的に受容可能なキャリアおよび/またはアジュバント組成物中に含める工程;
をさらに包含する。
本発明はまた、N.meningitidis小胞組成物を提供し、この小胞は、(i)NspAタンパク質、(ii)「287」タンパク質、および(iii)「741」タンパク質を含むことを特徴とする。
OMVが調製される細菌は、グラム陽性であり得るが、好ましくは、グラム陰性である。この細菌は、Moraxella属、Shigella属、Pseudomonas属、Treponema属、Porphyromonas属、またはHelicobacter属(好ましい種については、上記を参照のこと)に由来し得るが、好ましくは、Neisseria属に由来する。好ましいNeisseria種は、N.meningitidisおよびN.gonorrhoeaeである。N.meningitidisの内には、血清群A、C、W135およびYのいずれかが使用されるが、血清群Bから小胞を調製することが好ましい。血清群B内の好ましい株は、MC58、2996、H4476、および394/98である。
小胞形成のための膜破壊は、界面活性剤の実質的に非存在下で実施される。
本発明のプロセスは、外膜小胞(OMV)を生成する。OMVは、培養された細菌の外膜から調製される。OMVは、ブロス中または固体培地培養中で増殖した細菌から、好ましくは、その培養培地から細菌細胞を(例えば、濾過によって、または低速遠心分離して細胞をペレットにすることによって)分離すること、その細胞を(界面活性剤を用いずに)溶解すること、そして好ましくは、細胞質分子から(例えば、濾過によって、外膜および/もしくはOMVの差次的沈殿または凝集によって、外膜分子を特異的に認識するリガンドを使用するアフィニティ分離方法によって、または外膜および/もしくはOMVをペレットにする高速遠心分離によって)外膜画分を分離することによって、得られ得る。
本発明のプロセスにおいて界面活性剤が実質的に存在しないことは、細菌表面の免疫原性成分を保持する小胞調製物を生じる。この細菌表面の免疫原性成分は、界面活性剤に基づく先行技術の方法を使用すると、失われるかまたは減少される。N.meningitidisにおいて、本発明を使用して有利に保持される3つの免疫原としては、(1)NspA、(2)タンパク質「741」、および(3)タンパク質「287」が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
本発明のプロセスは、小胞調製物を提供する。患者に投与するために、その小胞は、好ましくは、免疫原性組成物として、より好ましくは、ヒト(例えば、小児または成人)においてワクチンとして使用するために適切な組成物として、処方される。本発明のワクチンは、予防的(すなわち、感染を予防するため)または治療的(すなわち、感染後に疾患を処置するため)のいずれかであり得るが、代表的には、予防的である。
−Helicobacter pylori由来の抗原(例えば、CagA[67〜70]、VacA[71、72]、NAP[73、74、75]、HopX[例えば、76]、HopY[例えば、76]および/またはウレアーゼ)
−N.meningitidis血清群A、C、W135および/またはY由来の糖高原(血清群Cからの参考文献77に開示されるオリゴ糖[参考文献78もまた参照のこと]、または参考文献79のオリゴ糖)
−Streptococcus pneumoniae由来の糖抗原[例えば、80、81、82]、
−A型肝炎ウイルス(例えば、不活化ウイルス)由来の抗原[例えば、83、84]
−B型肝炎ウイルス由来の抗原(例えば、表面抗原および/またはコア抗原[例えば、84、85]
−Bordetella pertussis由来の抗原(例えば、B.pertussis由来の百日咳ホロ毒素(PT)および線維状赤血球凝集素(FHA))(必要に応じて、ペルタクチン(pertactin)ならびに/またはアグルチノーゲン(agglutinogen)2および3[例えば、参考文献86および87]と組み合わせる)
−ジフテリア抗原(例えば、ジフテリアトキソイド[例えば、参考文献88の第3章](例えば、CRMl97変異体[例えば、89])
−破傷風抗原(例えば、破傷風トキソイド[例えば、参考文献108の第4章]
−Haemophilus influenzae B由来の糖抗原[例えば、78]
−C型肝炎ウイルス由来の抗原[例えば、90]
−N.gonorrhoeae由来の抗原[例えば、91、92、93、94]
−Chlamydia pneumoniae由来の抗原[例えば、95〜101]
−Chlamydia trachomatis由来の抗原[例えば、102]
−Porphyromonas gingivalis由来の抗原[例えば、103]
−ポリオ抗原[例えば、104、105](例えば、OPV、または好ましくはIPV)
−狂犬病抗原[例えば、106](例えば、凍結乾燥不活化ウイルス[例えば、107、RabAvertTM])
−麻疹抗原、流行性耳下腺炎抗原および/または風疹抗原[例えば、参考文献108の第9章、第10章および第11章]
−インフルエンザ抗原[例えば、参考文献108の第19章]、(例えば、赤血球凝集素タンパク質および/またはノイラミダーゼ表面タンパク質)
−Moraxella catarrhalis由来の抗原[例えば、109]
−Streptococcus agalactiae(B群連鎖球菌)由来のタンパク質抗原[例えば、110、111]
−Streptococcus agalactiae(B群連鎖球菌)由来の糖抗原
−Streptococcus pyogenes(A群連鎖球菌)由来の抗原[例えば、111、112、113]
−Staphylococcus aureus由来の抗原[例えば、114]、
−Bacillus anthracis由来の抗原[例えば、115、116、117]
−フラビウイルス科(フラビウイルス属)のウイルス由来(例えば、黄熱病ウイルス、日本脳炎ウイルス、デング熱ウイルスの4種の血清型、ダニ媒介性脳炎ウイルス、西ナイルウイルス)の抗原
−ペスチウイルス抗原(例えば、古典的ブタ熱ウイルス、ウシウイルス性下痢ウイルス、および/またはボーダー病ウイルス)
−パルボウイルス抗原(例えば、パルボウイルスB19由来の抗原)
−プリオンタンパク質(例えば、CJDプリオンタンパク質)
−アミロイドタンパク質(例えば、β−ペプチド)[118]
−癌抗原(例えば、参考文献119の表1にかまたは参考文献120の表3および4に列挙される癌抗原)。
本発明は、医薬として使用するための本発明の小胞を提供する。
本発明は、髄膜炎菌外膜小胞と、水酸化アルミニウムアジュバントと、ヒスチジン緩衝液と、塩化ナトリウムとを含む、組成物を提供し、ここで、(a)塩化ナトリウムの濃度は、7.5mg/mlより高く、そして/または(b)OMVの濃度は、100μg/ml未満である。
2つのアミノ酸配列間の配列同一性パーセントに対する言及は、整列された場合に、その割合のアミノ酸が、その2つの配列を比較した際に同じであることを意味する。この整列および相同性パーセントまたは配列同一性パーセントは、当該分野で公知のソフトウェアプログラム(例えば、参考文献140の第7.7.18節に記載されるソフトウェア)を使用して、決定され得る。好ましいアライメントは、ギャップオープンペナルティ12およびギャップエクステンションペナルティ2、BLOSUMマトリックス62とともにアフィンギャップサーチを使用して、Smith−Waterman相同性サーチアルゴリズムによって決定される。このSmith−Waterman相同性サーチアルゴリズムは、周知であり、参考文献141に開示される。
(OMV調製物)
OMVを、先行技術の「ノルウェー」法(H4476株および394/98株)によってか、または以下のプロセス(MC58株)によってかのいずれかで調製した:
−2〜5個のプレートからの細菌を、10mlの10mM Tris−HCl緩衝液(pH8.0)中に採集し、56℃にて45分間加熱死滅させた。その後、サンプルを氷上で超音波処理(チップを6/7に配置しデューティーサイクル50を10分間)して、膜を破壊した。
−細胞破片を、4℃において5000gで30分間、または10000gで10分間の遠心分離によって、除去した。
−その上清を、4℃において50000gで75分間再遠心分離した。
−ペレットを、10mM Tris−HCl(pH8.0)中の2% N−ラウロイルサルコシネート(Sarkosyl) 7ml中に室温で20分間再懸濁して、細胞質膜を可溶化した。
−そのサンプルを10000gで10分間遠心分離して、粒状物質を除去し、その上清を、4℃にて75000gで75分間遠心分離した。そのサンプルを、10mM Tris−HCl(pH8.0)中で洗浄し、75000gで75分間遠心分離した。
−ペレットを、10mM Tris−HCl(pH8.0)中または蒸留水中に再懸濁した。
OMVを、N.meningitidisの血清群B 394/98株から調製した。これらは、2つの異なる様式で処方した。成分は、以下の濃度を有した:
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- 2003-09-01 CN CN2011101128386A patent/CN102188700A/zh active Pending
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- 2013-07-04 LU LU92239C patent/LU92239I2/fr unknown
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WO2000073080A1 (en) * | 1999-04-30 | 2000-12-07 | Roy Leslie Thownsend | Printing process |
US20020110569A1 (en) * | 2000-07-27 | 2002-08-15 | Granoff Dan M. | Vaccines for broad spectrum protection against diseases caused by neisseria meningitidis |
WO2002062378A2 (en) * | 2001-02-08 | 2002-08-15 | Smithkline Beecham Biologicals S.A. | Hyperblebbing bacterial strains and use thereof for production of vaccines |
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