JP2004269345A - 合成ガスの製造方法およびその装置 - Google Patents
合成ガスの製造方法およびその装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007634 remodeling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/382—Multi-step processes
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- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
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- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/384—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts the catalyst being continuously externally heated
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
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- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0238—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a carbon dioxide reforming step
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- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
- C01B2203/0816—Heating by flames
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- C01B2203/0838—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by heat exchange with exothermic reactions, other than by combustion of fuel
- C01B2203/0844—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by heat exchange with exothermic reactions, other than by combustion of fuel the non-combustive exothermic reaction being another reforming reaction as defined in groups C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/0294
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- C01B2203/142—At least two reforming, decomposition or partial oxidation steps in series
- C01B2203/143—Three or more reforming, decomposition or partial oxidation steps in series
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Abstract
【解決手段】 この課題は、該方法において以下の各段階
(a)炭化水素およびスチームおよび/またはCO2 の反応混合物を、リフォーミング固 体触媒と接触させることによってリフォーミングを行う管式加熱リフォーマーから 煙道ガス含有廃熱区域と統合された加熱されるスチームリフォーミング装置中で加 熱し、
(b)部分的にスチームリフォーミングされた混合物を管式加熱リフォーマーに供給し、 そしてその混合物を更に所望の組成および温度にリフォーミングし、その際に加熱 されたスチームリフォーマーが、触媒ペレットおよび/または触媒構造化要素を含 む固体リフォーミング触媒を有する反応域を含めた配管系よりなり、該配管系が煙 道ガス含有の廃熱区域と統合されたプロセスガス配管系の一部である
を含むことによって解決される。
【選択図】 図2
Description
−メタンについての以下の説明の通り炭化水素をスチームリフォーミングする:
(1) CH4 + H2 O ←─→ 3H2 +CO
−スチームおよび/または二酸化炭素のリフォーミング反応は転化反応を伴う:
(2) CO + H2 O ←─→ H2 + CO2
上記の二つの反応は殆どの場合に平衡状態に近ずく。比較的高級の炭化水素(2つ以上の炭素原子を持つ炭化水素)がリフォーマー供給流中に存在する場合には、上記と同様な反応に従ってかつ以下に説明する様にスチームリフォーミングされる。
メタンについて以下に説明する様な炭化水素の二酸化炭素リフォーミング:
(4) CH4 +CO2 ←─→ 2H2 +2CO
メタンについて以下に説明する様な炭化水素のスチームおよび二酸化炭素−リフォーミング:
(5) 3/4CH4 +1/4CO2 ←─→ 1/2H2 +CO
スチームと二酸化炭素との比は、所望の合成ガス組成を得るために変更することができる。
(a)炭化水素およびスチームおよび/またはCO2 の反応混合物を、リフォーミング固 体触媒と接触させることによってリフォーミングを行う管式加熱リフォーマーから 煙道ガス含有廃熱区域と統合された加熱されるスチームリフォーミング装置中で加 熱し、
(b)部分的にスチームリフォーミングされた混合物を管式加熱リフォーマーに供給し、 そしてその混合物を更に所望の組成および温度にリフォーミングする
ことを含み、加熱された上記スチームリフォーマーが、触媒ペレットおよび/または触媒構造化要素を含む固体リフォーミング触媒を有する反応域を含めた配管系よりなり、該配管系が煙道ガス含有の廃熱区域と統合されたプロセスガス配管系の一部であることを特徴とする、上記方法に関する。
(a)炭化水素およびスチームおよび/またはCO2 の混合物を場合によっては予備リフ ォーミングするための断熱予備リフォーマー、
(b)炭化水素およびスチームおよび/またはCO2 の混合物または予備リフォーミング された混合物を加熱するための煙道ガス含有廃熱区域を有する管式加熱リフォーマ ー
(c)管式加熱リフォーマーからの煙道ガス含有廃熱区域と統合された加熱されたスチー ムリフォーミング装置
を有しており、加熱された該スチームリフォーミング装置が、ペレット触媒および/または触媒作用する構造化要素を含む固体リフォーミング触媒を持つ反応区域を含む配管系を含み、その際に配管系が煙道ガス含有廃熱区域と統合されたプロセスガス配管系の一部であることを特徴とする、上記装置に関する。
2・・・スチーム
3・・・供給流
4・・・予備リフォーミングされた生成物流
5・・・スチーム
7・・・煙道ガス
8・・・二酸化炭素
12・・・加熱用煙道ガス
20・・・断熱予備リフォーマー
21・・・ヘッダー系
22・・・フェダー系
23・・・加熱されたスチームリフォーミング装置
24・・・加熱スリームリフォーマー
27・・・煙道ガス区域
28・・・リフォーミング管
29・・・管式加熱リフォーマー
Claims (9)
- 触媒作用するスチームおよび/またはCO2 によって炭化水素原料をリフォーミングする合成ガスの製造方法において、以下の各段階
(a)炭化水素およびスチームおよび/またはCO2 の反応混合物を、リフォーミング固 体触媒と接触させることによってリフォーミングを行う管式加熱リフォーマーから 煙道ガス含有廃熱区域と統合された加熱されるスチームリフォーミング装置中で加 熱し、
(b)部分的にスチームリフォーミングされた混合物を管式加熱リフォーマーに供給し、 そしてその混合物を更に所望の組成および温度にリフォーミングする
ことを含み、加熱された上記スチームリフォーマーが、触媒ペレットおよび/または触媒構造化要素を含む固体リフォーミング触媒を有する反応域を含めた配管系よりなり、該配管系が煙道ガス含有の廃熱区域と統合されたプロセスガス配管系の一部であることを特徴とする、上記方法。 - 加熱されたスチームリフォーミング装置が固体リフォーミング触媒を含有するかまたは含有していない加熱区域、およびスチームリフォーミング触媒の層で被覆された触媒作用構造化要素を含む断熱反応区域よりなり、これら両方の区域が煙道ガス含有廃熱区域と統合されたプロセスガス配管系の一部である請求項1に記載の方法。
- 加熱されたスチームリフォーミング装置がペレット触媒を含む加熱反応区域を含み、該加熱反応区域が煙道ガス含有廃熱区域と統合されたプロセスガス配管系の一部である請求項1に記載の方法。
- 炭化水素およびスチームおよび/またはCO2 の反応混合物を加熱段階(a)の前で予備リフォーミングする、請求項1〜3のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 構造化された要素が一体化されているかまたは波型交差している請求項1〜3のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- スチームおよび/または二酸化炭素を断熱反応区域に添加する請求項2に記載の方法。
- 反応区域が管壁に付着させたスチームリフォーミング触媒または管壁に付属させた構造物に付着させた触媒を有する請求項1〜4のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 請求項1の合成ガスの製造装置において、
(a)炭化水素およびスチームおよび/またはCO2 の混合物を場合によっては予備リフ ォーミングするための断熱予備リフォーマー、
(b)炭化水素およびスチームおよび/またはCO2 の混合物または予備リフォーミング された混合物を加熱するための煙道ガス含有廃熱区域を有する管式加熱リフォーマ ー
(c)管式加熱リフォーマーからの煙道ガス含有廃熱区域と統合された加熱されたスチー ムリフォーミング装置
を有しており、加熱された該スチームリフォーミング装置が、ペレット触媒および/または触媒作用する構造化要素を含む固体リフォーミング触媒を持つ反応区域を含む配管系を含み、その際に配管系が煙道ガス含有廃熱区域と統合されたプロセスガス配管系の一部であることを特徴とする、上記装置。 - 固体触媒が加熱された反応区域中におよび/または加熱されたスチームリフォーミング装置中の断熱反応区域中に配置されている請求項8に記載の装置。
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DKPA200201431 | 2002-09-26 | ||
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JP2004269345A true JP2004269345A (ja) | 2004-09-30 |
JP2004269345A5 JP2004269345A5 (ja) | 2006-08-31 |
JP4959105B2 JP4959105B2 (ja) | 2012-06-20 |
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US (2) | US7094363B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1403215B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4959105B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101044621B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1328153C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003248394B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2442493C (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2405587T3 (ja) |
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CA2442493A1 (en) | 2004-03-26 |
AU2003248394A1 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
US20040065014A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
CN1328153C (zh) | 2007-07-25 |
JP4959105B2 (ja) | 2012-06-20 |
CA2442493C (en) | 2011-05-03 |
RU2003128598A (ru) | 2005-03-27 |
AU2003248394B2 (en) | 2010-03-11 |
RU2354608C2 (ru) | 2009-05-10 |
NO20034283D0 (no) | 2003-09-25 |
NO20034283L (no) | 2004-03-29 |
EP1403215A1 (en) | 2004-03-31 |
US7094363B2 (en) | 2006-08-22 |
KR101044621B1 (ko) | 2011-06-29 |
EP1403215B1 (en) | 2013-03-13 |
NO336969B1 (no) | 2015-12-07 |
US20060143984A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
ZA200307449B (en) | 2004-07-06 |
ES2405587T3 (es) | 2013-05-31 |
US7547332B2 (en) | 2009-06-16 |
KR20040027456A (ko) | 2004-04-01 |
CN1496956A (zh) | 2004-05-19 |
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