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JP2003503153A - ステントの被覆 - Google Patents

ステントの被覆

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Publication number
JP2003503153A
JP2003503153A JP2001507394A JP2001507394A JP2003503153A JP 2003503153 A JP2003503153 A JP 2003503153A JP 2001507394 A JP2001507394 A JP 2001507394A JP 2001507394 A JP2001507394 A JP 2001507394A JP 2003503153 A JP2003503153 A JP 2003503153A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
stent
copolymer
drug
rate
pla
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2001507394A
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English (en)
Other versions
JP2003503153A5 (ja
Inventor
ヤン、ダーチュアン
エル. スタンスラスキー、ジョエル
ワン、リシャオ
アール. スミス、スコット
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Boston Scientific Ltd Barbados
Original Assignee
Boston Scientific Ltd Barbados
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Boston Scientific Ltd Barbados filed Critical Boston Scientific Ltd Barbados
Publication of JP2003503153A publication Critical patent/JP2003503153A/ja
Publication of JP2003503153A5 publication Critical patent/JP2003503153A5/ja
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0019Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
    • A61K9/0024Solid, semi-solid or solidifying implants, which are implanted or injected in body tissue
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/08Materials for coatings
    • A61L31/10Macromolecular materials
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/14Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A61L31/16Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/86Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/90Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/91Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheets or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0058Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2250/0067Means for introducing or releasing pharmaceutical products into the body
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2300/00Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/40Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a specific therapeutic activity or mode of action
    • A61L2300/416Anti-neoplastic or anti-proliferative or anti-restenosis or anti-angiogenic agents, e.g. paclitaxel, sirolimus
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2300/00Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/60Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a special physical form
    • A61L2300/602Type of release, e.g. controlled, sustained, slow
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2300/00Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/60Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a special physical form
    • A61L2300/606Coatings
    • A61L2300/608Coatings having two or more layers

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

(57)【要約】 ステントは含まれる活性薬剤を制御可能に放出するためのポリマー被覆を有する。ポリマー被覆は、単体である場合は薬剤を高速な第1の速度にて放出する第1のポリマー材料と、単体である場合は薬剤を長期間にわたって低速な第2の速度にて放出する第2のポリマー材料との混合物を含む。ステント被覆の一つは、高速放出親水性ポリマー材料と、低速放出疎水性材料とを使用する。ステント被覆の一つは、高速放出PLA−PEO共重合体と低速放出PLA−PCL共重合体との混合物を含む。活性薬剤の一つはタキソールである。タキソール送配ステントの一つの用途は、血管形成術後の再狭窄抑制を行うことである。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】
【0001】 (発明の分野) 本願は概して医療用器具に関する。より具体的には、本発明は時間の経過に伴
って薬剤を放出し得るステント被覆に関する。特に、本発明は、継続した期間に
わたって、再狭窄抑制薬剤を放出するのに適した2つの共重合体の混合物を含む
【0002】 (発明の背景) 先進諸国において、血管疾患は死亡及び疾病の原因である。アメリカ合衆国に
おいては、すべての死因のうち半分以上が心臓血管疾患である。アテローム性動
脈硬化症は最も一般的な形態の血管疾患であり、体器官への血液の不十分な供給
を招き、それにより心臓発作、脳卒中、及び腎不全が引き起こされる。アテロー
ム性動脈硬化症は、動脈壁の血管平滑筋細胞が過増殖を経て、内側脈管内層に侵
入して拡がる脈管損傷の形態である。この脈管損傷の形態は、局所的な血液凝固
が起きた場合に、血管を完全に閉塞させることがある。これは、その動脈によっ
て養われる組織の壊死を招き得る。冠動脈の場合においては、この閉塞は心筋梗
塞を招き、死亡につながることがある。
【0003】 冠動脈の閉塞は、冠状動脈バイパス手術及び/又は血管形成術により治療され
得る。双方の処置とも、初めは成功したように見えるかもしれないが、このよう
な治療後の再狭窄、すなわち狭窄の再発の影響により、実質的に元に戻ってしま
うことがある。再狭窄は、管の平滑筋細胞の過増殖を含むと考えられている。特
に、血管形成術を用いて治療される患者の約3分の1は、術後6ヶ月以内に再狭
窄及び閉塞を起こす。
【0004】 再狭窄から脈管が閉塞するのを防止するために、ステントが使用される。ステ
ントは、ほぼ管状構造をなし、中実の壁または格子状の壁のいずれかを有し、さ
らにバルーンにて拡張可能であるか、または自己拡張型であってもよい。血管形
成術バルーン拡張の後、以前に収縮していた脈管は少なくとも一時的に拡張され
る。ステントはカテーテル上を送配されて、血管壁に対して、適所で拡張されて
もよいし、あるいは適所で拡張を許容されてもよい。ステントを適所において用
いる場合、再狭窄が抑制されても、抑制されなくても、任意の再狭窄の内方への
力に対抗するステントの構造的強度により閉塞の確率及び/又は度合いは減少す
る。再狭窄はステントの長さにわたって起こり得、少なくともステントによって
部分的に対向され得る。また、再狭窄は、狭窄の内方への力に対抗するものが存
在しないステントの両端を通り越した部分でも起こり得る。
【0005】 再狭窄を抑制するために治療薬が使用され、様々な成功を収めてきた。西太平
洋のイチイ属の木の樹皮から単離される抗−微小管剤(antimicrotu
bule agent)であるタキソール(商標)は、ある癌の抑制において特
に有効であり、再狭窄との戦いにおいて有効であると考えられている。タキソー
ルの全身投薬は望ましくない副作用を生じることがあり、治療方法として局所的
な投与が好ましい。
【0006】 タキソールの局所的な投与は、少なくとも血管形成術に対する身体の通常の反
応時間に合致した期間のようなより長期間にわたって行われると、より有効とな
り得る。同時に、初期期間中においてはタキソールの高い初期投薬量を供給する
ことが望ましいこともある。数日または数カ月までもの期間にわたるタキソール
の局所的な投与は、再狭窄の抑制において最も効果的であり得る。
【0007】 治療薬の投与を制御するためには様々な技術が利用され得る。ポリマー材料中
に活性薬剤の異種溶液及び/又は分散物を取込んだモノリシックな層、すなわち
被膜を有する要素が公知である。前記要素において、薬剤がポリマーを介してポ
リマーと体液との界面へ拡散し、周囲の体液に放出されるので、薬剤の拡散は速
度制限されている。また、いくつかの要素においては、可溶性材料はポリマー材
料の中に溶解または分散されて、前記材料が溶解した後に付加的な細孔またはチ
ャネルが残される。同様に、母材要素は概して拡散を制限されるが、要素のチャ
ネルまたは他の内部の幾何学的構造が薬剤を体液に放出する役割を果たしている
。前記チャネルは、予め存在するチャネルか、あるいは薬剤または他の可溶性材
料が放出された後に残ったチャネルであってもよい。
【0008】 通常、溶損可能または分解可能な要素が、ポリマー中に物理的に固定された活
性薬剤を有する。活性薬剤は、ポリマー材料中に溶解及び/又は分散され得る。
ポリマー材料は、大抵、時間が経つにつれ不安定な結合の加水分解により加水分
解的に劣化し、ポリマーは体液中に徐々に溶損し、活性薬剤を体液中に放出する
。概して、親水性ポリマーは疎水性ポリマーと比較して、速い溶損速度を有する
。疎水性ポリマーは、活性薬剤のほぼ純粋な表面拡散を有し、表面から内部へ溶
損すると考えられている。親水性ポリマーは、水をポリマー表面に浸透させ、表
面下において不安定な結合の加水分解を許容する。この加水分解はポリマーの均
一な溶損または大量の溶損を生じ得る。
【0009】 継続した期間にわたって、治療薬を放出することが可能なステントの被覆が望
まれる。治療薬が必要な期間とほぼ同じ期間にわたって薬剤を放出することが可
能なステント被覆が好都合である。また、ステント被覆の組成を制御することに
よって活性薬剤の投薬速度及び期間を制御するための方法も利点を有する。
【0010】 (発明の概要) 本発明は、ステント本体、該本体の少なくとも一部を覆って配置されるステン
ト被覆、及び該被覆の少なくとも一部に放出可能に分散された活性薬剤を有する
ステントを備える。好ましい活性薬剤は、パクリタキセル(paclitaxe
l)、類似体、誘導体、及びそれらの組み合わせである。被覆は、高速な第1の
放出速度を有する第1の共重合体と、第1の放出速度に比べ低速な第2の放出速
度を有する第2の共重合体との混合物を含み得る。第1共重合体及び第2共重合
体は、好ましくは溶損可能であるか、または生物分解性である。実施の形態の一
つにおいては、第1共重合体は第2共重合体よりも親水性である。実施の形態の
一つにおいては、第1共重合体はポリ乳酸/ポリエチレンオキサイド(PLA−
PEO)共重合体を含み、第2共重合体はポリ乳酸/ポリカプロラクトン(PL
A−PCL)共重合体を含む。
【0011】 時間の経過により送配される活性薬剤の相対量及び投薬速度は、低速放出ポリ
マーに対して、高速放出ポリマーの相対量を制御することによって制御され得る
。初期放出速度を速めるためには、高速放出ポリマーの割合が、低速放出ポリマ
ーに対して増加され得る。投薬量の大部分が長期間にわたって放出されることが
所望される場合には、ポリマーの大部分は低速放出ポリマーであり得る。ステン
トは、ポリマー、活性薬剤、及び溶媒の溶液または分散物をステントに噴霧する
ことによって被覆され得る。溶媒はポリマー及び活性薬剤の被覆を残して、蒸発
させられ得る。活性薬剤はポリマー中に溶解及び/又は分散され得る。いくつか
の実施の形態においては、共重合体はステント本体上に押出し成形され得る。
【0012】 ステントは、血管形成術などの処置の後に冠血管などの身体の脈管内に配置さ
れて用いられ得る。ステントは適所に留置され、溶損可能または生物分解性の被
覆は分解するのを許容される。ポリマー被覆が分解するにつれて、活性薬剤が血
管壁に吸収され得る。
【0013】 (発明の詳細な説明) 本発明は、目標の期間にわたって生物活性薬剤または他の治療物質を送配する
ためのポリマー被覆を有するステントからなる。ポリマー被覆は、第1ポリマー
及び第2ポリマーを含み、第1ポリマーは単独で、第2ポリマーのみよりも速く
活性薬剤を放出する。従って、第1ポリマーにより固定される活性薬剤は、第2
ポリマーに比べて短期間内に消耗される。好ましい実施の形態において、第1ポ
リマーは親水性であり、第2ポリマーは疎水性である。
【0014】 図面を参照すると、いくつかの図を通じて同一の参照符号は同一の要素を示し
ている。図1は非拡張状態にある本発明に従ったステント10の斜視図を示して
いる。ステント10の骨格フレームは、好ましくは、独特な反復蛇行パターンを
形成するワイヤ状部材12を備える。この反復蛇行パターンは、多数のU字形湾
曲部14から成る。U字形湾曲部14内の領域は、開口部16である。ワイヤ1
2は、この蛇行パターンの認識可能な始点または終点を有することなく、拡張可
能な蛇行要素18を形成する。蛇行要素18はステント10の長手方向の軸線に
沿って配置され、よって隣接する蛇行要素16のU字形湾曲部14同士は相互連
結要素20を介して連結され得る。相互連結要素20により、連続したワイヤ1
2の骨組みが、ステント10を形成する多数の蛇行要素18の間に形成されてい
る。
【0015】 図2は本発明に従ったさらに好ましいステント110の斜視図を示す。本ステ
ント110も連続したワイヤ112の骨組みを有する。しかしながら、この骨組
みは反復する方形パターン要素114によって継続される。方形ワイヤ要素11
4内の領域は、開口部116である。方形ワイヤ要素114は、ステント110
の長手方向の軸線に沿って縦に整列される。隣接する方形ワイヤ要素114同士
は、同様な方形ワイヤ要素114の半分の長さ分偏倚している。ステントの終端
は、ある方形ワイヤ要素114の完結部、及び隣接する方形ワイヤ要素の次の開
口端122により形成される。従って、ステントの終端は、交互に開閉するワイ
ヤ構造を有する。
【0016】 これらのステントは、本発明を具体化し得るステントの一例である。これら及
びその他の適当なステントは、1997年6月13日に出願された「ポリマー積
層ステント(Polymeric Layered Stent)」と題せられ
る米国特許出願第08/874,190号にて開示され、本開示は参考としてこ
こに援用される。
【0017】 骨格材料を示す際に用いられるワイヤなる用語は、金属材料に限定されるもの
と誤解されるべきではない。実際、ステントを形成する「ワイヤ」10,110
は脈管患部を支持するのに必要な構造的及び機械的特性を有する任意の生体適合
性物質からなってもよい。従って、金属及びポリマー材料の双方とも適当である
。好ましい生体適合性金属材料の例は、ステンレス鋼、タンタル、ニチノール、
及び金を含む。好ましいポリマー材料は、以下のリスト、すなわち、 ポリ(L−ラクチド)(PLLA)、ポリ(D,L−ラクチド)(PLA)、
ポリグリコリド(PGA)、ポリ(L−ラクチド−co−D,L−ラクチド)(
PLLA/PLA)、ポリ(L−ラクチド−co−グリコリド)(PLLA/P
GA)、ポリ(D,L−ラクチド−co−グリコリド)(PLA/PGA)、ポ
リ(グリコリド−co−トリメチレンカーボネート)(PGA/PTMC)、ポ
リエチレンオキサイド(PEO)、ポリジオキサノン(PDS)、ポリカプロラ
クトン(PCL)、ポリヒドロキシブチラート(PHBT)、ポリ(ホスファゼ
ン)、ポリ(D,L−ラクチド−co−カプロラクトン)(PLA/PCL)、
ポリ(グリコリド−co−カプロラクトン)(PGA/PCL)、ポリ酸無水物
(PAN)、ポリ(オルトエステル)、ポリ(リン酸塩エステル)、ポリ(アミ
ノ酸)、ポリ(ヒドロキシブチラート)、ポリアクリレート、ポリアクリルアミ
ド、ポリ(ヒドロキシエチルメタクリラート)、エラスチンポリペプチド共重合
体、ポリウレタン、ポリシロキサン、及びそれらの共重合体から選択され得るが
、該リストは全てを網羅しているわけではない。
【0018】 ステントの骨格の骨組みも同様に、様々な方法により形成され得る。骨組みは
、連続した構造を形成するよう、溶接もしくは成型されるか、または共に屈曲さ
れるか、または編まれたフィラメントもしくは繊維から成ってもよい。
【0019】 大抵、脈管患部の局所領域を拡張及び治療することは共に有益である。従って
、治療薬がポリマーに取り込まれて、ポリマー表面処理剤としてステント10に
塗布され得る。表面処理剤へ治療薬を取り込むことは、ステントを薬物送達シス
テムに変えることにより、本医療器具の範囲を大いに広げる。抗トロボゲン薬剤
(anti−thrombogenic agents)、抗新血管形成薬剤(
anti−angiogenesis agents)、抗増殖薬剤(anti
−proliferative agents)、増殖因子(growth f
actors)、及び放射化学物質を使用する薬剤及び処理剤が、ポリマー表面
処理剤の母材内から容易に分散され得る。好ましい治療薬の特定の例は、アンギ
オペプチン(angiopeptin)、コルヒチン、ロバスタチン、トラピジ
ル、チクロピジン、ヒルジン、タキソール、ヘパリン、血管内皮細胞増殖因子(
VEGF)、トランスフォーミング増殖因子−β(TGF−β)、インスリン様
成長因子(IGF)、血小板由来増殖因子(PDGF)、及び繊維芽細胞増殖因
子(FGF)を含む。
【0020】 このような表面処理剤の塗布は、浸漬または噴霧工程のいずれかを介して行わ
れる。どちらの工程にも、ポリマー母材内に治療薬を取り込むためには溶媒キャ
リヤが好ましい。塗布された混合物は、好ましくは、溶媒、ポリマー、および治
療薬からなり、後に溶媒が蒸発して図3に示されるようにポリマー被覆30が残
る。
【0021】 上述されたように、本発明は放出可能な治療薬を取り込んだポリマー被覆に関
し、薬剤の割合及び持続時間は、嵌植の際に治療を最適化する選択されたパラメ
ータに制御される。親水性ポリマーと疎水性ポリマーとの混合物の選択された比
率が薬剤放出の所望の制御を提供することが見出された。
【0022】 好ましい実施の形態においては、親水性ポリマーはポリ乳酸(PLA)及びポ
リエチレンオキサイド(PEO)の共重合体を含む。好ましい実施の形態におい
ては、第2ポリマーはポリ乳酸(PLA)及びポリ(カプロラクトン)(PCL
)の共重合体を含む。PLA−PEO共重合体は親水性であり、被覆されたステ
ントが配置される体内環境において、同様の疎水性ポリマーに比して速く溶損す
る。PLA−PCL共重合体は疎水性であり、比較される親水性ポリマーより遅
く分解する。好ましい実施の形態においては、ポリマー被覆はPLA−PCL及
びPLA−PEOの混合物から形成される。好ましい実施の形態では、親水性ポ
リマーは約10,000(Mn)以上の分子量を有し、第2ポリマーは約20,
000(Mn)以上の分子量を有する。
【0023】 PLA−PEO共重合体の構造は当業者には周知である。例えば、ここに援用
される米国特許第5,476,909号及び5,548,035号を参照された
い。また、PLA−PCL共重合体の構造も当業者には周知である。例えば、こ
こに援用される米国特許第5,470,829号を参照されたい。
【0024】 好ましい実施の形態の一つは、PLA−PEO共重合体を約20重量%、及び
PLA−PCL共重合体を約80重量%含む。別の実施の形態は、PLA−PE
O共重合体約50重量%、及びPLA−PCL共重合体を約50重量%含む。P
LA−PEO約20%及びPLA−PCL約80%を有する実施の形態は、PL
A−PEO対PLA−PCLが50%対50%である組み合わせを有する実施の
形態に比して、長期間にわたるが、低速な初期放出にて活性薬剤を放出する。P
LA−PEO及びPLA−PCLの相対的な量は、高い初期投薬速度と、それに
続く遅いけれども長期にわたる投薬速度との所望の組み合わせを達成するように
調整され得る。
【0025】 好ましい実施の形態の一つにおいては、活性薬剤または治療物質は再狭窄抑制
薬剤である。好ましい再狭窄抑制薬剤は、タキソール、パクリタキセル、類似化
合物、誘導体、およびそれらの混合物などの微小管安定化剤を含む。例えば、本
発明における使用に適していると考えられる誘導体は、2’−サクシニルタキソ
ール、2’−サクシニルタキソールトリエタノールアミン、2’−グルタリルタ
キソール、2’−グルタリルタキソールトリエタノールアミン塩、N(ジメチル
アミノエチル)グルタミンを有する2’−O−エステル、及びN(ジメチルアミ
ノエチル)グルタミド塩酸塩を有する2’−O−エステルである。
【0026】 タキソールはポリマー材中に溶解または分散され、該ポリマー材はステント本
体に付着させられ得る。PLA−PEO及びPLA−PCLの混合化合物を有す
る実施の形態において、ポリマー化合物はステント上に噴霧、浸漬、または押出
し成形され得る。
【0027】 本発明のポリマー被覆は様々なステントと共に用いることが可能である。本被
覆の好ましい用途は、冠状動脈のステントである。前記ステントは、再狭窄を抑
制するために血管形成術に続いて使用され得る。ステント本体は、いかなる再狭
窄に対しても脈管を拡げて保持し、再狭窄抑制薬剤を送配するのに有用である。
実施の形態の一つにおいては、被覆はステントをほぼ連続して覆っている。別の
実施の形態においては、被覆は主としてステント構造物を覆っているが、開口部
を覆ってはいない。例えば、ステントはワイヤメッシュで形成されており、被覆
はワイヤに密に付着するが、その間の開口部を被覆することはない。
【0028】 本発明によるステントは、所望の放出投薬プロフィールに従って選択され、治
療医師に提供されて使用され得る。血管形成術の処置の後に、再狭窄抑制の活性
薬剤を有する被覆されたステントは、狭窄して先刻拡張された冠動脈部位に送配
され得る。前記送配は、カテーテルの末端に配置される膨張可能なバルーン上に
ステントを取り付けるといった当業者に周知の方法を用いて行われ得る。ステン
トが拡張された部位の近くの位置に進められた状態において、ステントは内側の
血管壁に接する位置まで外側に押し付けられ得る。ステントが自己拡張型である
場合は、ステントを送配装置内から展開することによりステントは送配され、ス
テントは内側の血管壁に対して拡張するのを許容される。活性薬剤が溶損するポ
リマー被覆から放出されるとき、活性薬剤は内側の血管壁によって吸収され得る
。時間の経過により、ポリマー被覆は体液によって溶損される。
【0029】 本明細書に包含される本発明の多数の利点は上記に述べられた。しかしながら
、本開示は、あらゆる点において、実例にすぎないことが理解されるであろう。
本発明の範囲を越えることなく、細部にわたって、特に部品の形状、寸法、及び
配置について変更されてもよい。もちろん、本発明の範囲は、添付された請求項
が表される言語において規定される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明の一実施の形態に従ったステントを示す斜視図。
【図2】 本発明に従ったさらに好ましいステントを示す斜視図。
【図3】 ステント上に配置された本発明のポリマーの被覆を表す図1のス
テントの拡大部分平面図。
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (81)指定国 EP(AT,BE,CH,CY, DE,DK,ES,FI,FR,GB,GR,IE,I T,LU,MC,NL,PT,SE),OA(BF,BJ ,CF,CG,CI,CM,GA,GN,GW,ML, MR,NE,SN,TD,TG),AP(GH,GM,K E,LS,MW,MZ,SD,SL,SZ,TZ,UG ,ZW),EA(AM,AZ,BY,KG,KZ,MD, RU,TJ,TM),AE,AL,AM,AT,AU, AZ,BA,BB,BG,BR,BY,CA,CH,C N,CR,CU,CZ,DE,DK,DM,EE,ES ,FI,GB,GD,GE,GH,GM,HR,HU, ID,IL,IN,IS,JP,KE,KG,KP,K R,KZ,LC,LK,LR,LS,LT,LU,LV ,MA,MD,MG,MK,MN,MW,MX,NO, NZ,PL,PT,RO,RU,SD,SE,SG,S I,SK,SL,TJ,TM,TR,TT,TZ,UA ,UG,UZ,VN,YU,ZA,ZW (72)発明者 スタンスラスキー、ジョエル エル. アメリカ合衆国 55427 ミネソタ州 ニ ュー ホープ エンサイン アベニュー ノース 4016 (72)発明者 ワン、リシャオ アメリカ合衆国 55369 ミネソタ州 メ ープル グローブ エイティーシックスス プレイン ノース 12822 (72)発明者 スミス、スコット アール. アメリカ合衆国 55318 ミネソタ州 チ ャスカ カウンティ ロード テン 6950 Fターム(参考) 4C081 AB13 BB06 CA192 CC01 CG05 CG06 DA03 DC04 4C167 AA44 AA50 AA52 AA55 BB02 BB05 BB06 BB07 BB26 CC09 DD01 GG01 GG16 GG43

Claims (13)

    【特許請求の範囲】
  1. 【請求項1】 ステント本体と、 前記本体の少なくとも一部を覆って配置されるステント被覆と、 前記被覆中に分散された生物活性薬剤とを備え、前記被覆は第1の共重合体及
    び第2の共重合体を含み、第1の共重合体は前記薬剤を第1の速度にて放出し、
    第2の共重合体は前記薬剤を第2の速度にて放出し、第2の速度は第1の速度よ
    りも低速であり、よって前記薬剤は前記被覆から第1の速度よりも遅く、かつ第
    2の速度よりも速い速度にて放出されるステント。
  2. 【請求項2】 前記第1の共重合体が親水性である請求項1に記載のステン
    ト。
  3. 【請求項3】 前記第2の共重合体が疎水性である請求項1に記載のステン
    ト。
  4. 【請求項4】 前記第1の共重合体が親水性であり、かつ前記第2の共重合
    体が疎水性である請求項1に記載のステント。
  5. 【請求項5】 前記第1の共重合体がPLA―PEOを含む請求項1に記載
    のステント。
  6. 【請求項6】 前記第2の共重合体がPLA―PCLを含む請求項1に記載
    のステント。
  7. 【請求項7】 前記第1の共重合体がPLA―PEOを含み、かつ前記第2
    の共重合体がPLA―PCLを含む請求項1に記載のステント。
  8. 【請求項8】 前記薬剤が、パクリタキセル(paclitaxel)、パ
    クリタキセル類似体、パクリタキセル誘導体、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる
    群から選択される薬剤を含む請求項7に記載のステント。
  9. 【請求項9】 長期間にわたって生物活性薬剤を制御可能に放出するための
    ステントであって、 ステント本体と、 生物活性薬剤と、 前記薬剤を前記ステント本体に付着させ、かつ時間の経過により前記薬剤を前
    記ステント本体から放出させる手段とを備え、前記薬剤を制御可能に放出するた
    めの前記手段は、前記薬剤を第1の期間にわたって第1の速度にて放出する第1
    の手段と、前記薬剤を第2の期間にわたって第2の速度にて放出する第2の手段
    との組み合わせを含み、前記第1の速度は前記第2の速度より速く、かつ前記第
    1の期間は前記第2の期間よりも短いステント。
  10. 【請求項10】 放出するための前記第1の手段が生体吸収性ポリマー材料
    を含み、かつ放出するための前記第2の手段が生体吸収性ポリマー材料を含み、
    第1の手段は第2の手段よりも速く吸収される請求項9に記載のステント。
  11. 【請求項11】 生物活性薬剤をヒトの体内に放出するステントであって、 ステント本体と、 前記ステント本体の少なくとも一部を覆って配置されるポリマー被覆と、 前記ポリマー被覆に混合された生物活性物質とを備え、前記ポリマー被覆はP
    LA−PEO共重合体とPLA−PCL共重合体との混合物を含むステント。
  12. 【請求項12】 前記生物活性薬剤が、パクリタキセル、パクリタキセル類
    似体、パクリタキセル誘導体、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択され
    る薬剤を含む請求項11に記載のステント。
  13. 【請求項13】 PLA−PEO共重合体とPLA−PCL共重合体との混
    合物を有する被覆を備えるステントを供給する工程を備え、前記被覆はパクリタ
    キセル、パクリタキセル類似体、パクリタキセル誘導体、及び混合されたそれら
    の組み合わせからなる群から選択される再狭窄抑制薬剤を含み、よって前記PL
    A−PEO共重合体のみにより放出されるよりも長い期間であり、かつPLA―
    PCL共重合体のみにより放出されるよりも短い期間にわたって前記薬剤が放出
    される再狭窄を抑制するための方法。
JP2001507394A 1999-07-02 2000-06-06 ステントの被覆 Pending JP2003503153A (ja)

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US09/346,975 US6258121B1 (en) 1999-07-02 1999-07-02 Stent coating
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CA (1) CA2342866C (ja)
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