EP3486336A1 - Behandlungsverfahren für metallhaltigen abfall - Google Patents

Behandlungsverfahren für metallhaltigen abfall Download PDF

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Publication number: EP3486336A1
Authority: EP; European Patent Office
Prior art keywords: metal; waste; embrittled; dust; air table
Prior art date: 2017-11-17
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Granted

Application number

EP17202344.2A

Other languages

English (en)

French (fr)

Other versions

EP3486336B1 (de

Inventor

Tomonori Takemoto

Atsushi Nakamura

Kou Takizawa

Yasuyuki Ishida

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Taiheiyo Cement Corp

Original Assignee

Taiheiyo Cement Corp

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

2017-11-17

Filing date

2017-11-17

Publication date

2019-05-22

2017-11-17 Application filed by Taiheiyo Cement Corp filed Critical Taiheiyo Cement Corp

2017-11-17 Priority to EP17202344.2A priority Critical patent/EP3486336B1/de

2019-05-22 Publication of EP3486336A1 publication Critical patent/EP3486336A1/de

2020-09-23 Application granted granted Critical

2020-09-23 Publication of EP3486336B1 publication Critical patent/EP3486336B1/de

Status Active legal-status Critical Current

2037-11-17 Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/005—Separation by a physical processing technique only, e.g. by mechanical breaking
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/005—Preliminary treatment of scrap

Definitions

the present invention relates to a metal-containing waste treatment method, and more particularly to a method for properly treating shredder dust such as automobile shredder dust, recovering valuable metal and the like therefrom, and reusing the shredder dust after the valuable metal is recovered as fuel.
Shredder dust is a mixture of pieces dumped as an industrial waste after waste household electric appliances and waste automobiles are crushed by industrial shredders to recover metals and the like therefrom.
Composition of the shredder dust varies in accordance with techniques and facilities of the shredder process and conditions when wastes are previously sorted, so that the composition is not always constant, but main components of the shredder dust consist of resin, foamed urethane, fiber, rubber, and small amount of metal and glass.
Shredder dust required to be disposed in controlled landfill sites is requested to be recycled, and mainly in the both fields of thermal and chemical has been developed recycling techniques therefor, and as described in Japanese patent publication No.
shredder dust As fuel substitute.
valuable metals such as iron, nonferrous metals and rare metals, so that it is preferable to easily recover the metals from shredder dust before it is reused.
resin components such as plastic, urethane, rubber, synthetic fiber waste and harness cover in shredder dust are soft (viscoelasticities thereof are high), and the resin components are complexly entangled with metals, so that it is difficult to crush the resin components as they are, to separate and recover the metals therefrom, and to utilize the resin components as fuel substitute.
the present invention has been made in consideration of the above problems, and the object thereof is to recover valuable metal and the like from metal-containing waste such as shredder dust, and to reuse it as fuel after the recovery.
the present invention is a metal-containing waste treatment method characterized by including the steps of: heating a metal-containing waste to obtain an embrittled waste; crushing or/and sieving the embrittled waste to obtain an embrittled waste whose particle diameter is less or equal to a predetermined value; removing a magnetically attractable substance from the embrittled waste whose particle diameter is less or equal to the predetermined value by magnetic sort; and recovering a heavy product from the embrittled waste after the magnetically attractable substance is removed by an air table.
the present invention is a metal-containing waste treatment method characterized by including the steps of: heating a metal-containing waste to obtain an embrittled waste; removing a magnetically attractable substance from the embrittled waste by magnetic sort; crushing or/and sieving the embrittled waste after the magnetically attractable substance is removed to obtain an embrittled waste whose particle diameter is less or equal to a predetermined value; and recovering a heavy product from the embrittled waste whose particle diameter is less or equal to the predetermined value by an air table.
the both inventions after heating a metal-containing waste to eliminate entanglement of resins and metals included in the metal-containing waste, sorting is performed, so that recovering noble metals and the like with high quality can be efficiently performed. Further, it is possible to utilize the waste other than the metals as fuel. In addition, when particle diameter of all of the embrittled waste is made less or equal to a predetermined value, the whole embrittled waste can be treated, and recovery efficiencies of the noble metals and the like can be further improved.
the embrittled waste immediately before being fed to the air table are sorted into groups with different particle diameters, and from each group is recovered a heavy product by the air table. Subdividing the embrittled waste into groups with different particle diameters to recover a heavy product by the air table enables further improved recovery efficiencies of noble metals and the like.
a powdery woody body or a granular woody body can be added thereto.
Mixing the powdery woody body or a granular woody body into the embrittled waste causes entanglement of resins and metals to be eliminated with ease, which further improves recovery rates of noble metals and so on.
the waste Based on colors of the embrittled waste on the air table can be adjusted operating condition of the air table. With this, based on a point that colors of the embrittled waste such as metals, resins and the like included in the metal-containing waste are different from each other and a point that in the metals exist a metal whose color is different from those of others, the waste can be sorted by colors, which can improve sorting accuracy and can efficiently treat the metal-containing waste.
Based on colors of the embrittled waste on the air table can be adjusted position of a partition board attached to a discharging port of the air table.
the embrittled waste immediately before being fed to the air table can be sorted by wind force to remove a light material, and the embrittled waste after the light material is removed can be fed to the air table. With this, it is possible to recover magnetically attractable substances such as iron and mainly light materials other than metals from the waste before feeding to the air table, which can further improves sorting accuracy of the metal-containing waste.
metal-containing waste together with the metal-containing waste may be fed another metal-containing waste whose metal content is higher than the metal-containing waste to the air table.
metal content of the metal-containing waste is low, it is possible to visually recognize, with ease, a boundary line between metals and wastes other than metals in color distribution of the metal-containing waste on the air table, resulting in further improved sorting accuracy.
the metal-containing waste or/and the other metal-containing waste may include resin, which enables preferable treatment of automobile shredder dust or the like.
valuable metal can be recovered from metal-containing waste such as shredder dust, and the waste can be reused as fuel.
the shredder dust (hereinafter abbreviated as "dust”) is, for example, a waste that is discharged under a condition that waste plastic and other wastes are mixed, and as the shredder dust, automobile shredder dust, constructive plastic waste and the like are typical examples.
the waste plastic is a waste of synthetic highpolymer body, and includes wastes of synthetic resin molded body, seat-shaped material, tape-shaped material, strap-shaped material, sponge-shaped material and particulate, synthetic fiber and synthetic rubber.
the other wastes include waste of metal and/or soil and stone (such as glass, concrete, tile, ridge tile, pottery, inorganic building material and sediment) at least, and in addition to those, can include wastes of paper, natural fiber, wood, tatami mat, leather, oil and fat, sludge, incineration ash, carbon, ceramic, liquid material, sludge material and the like.
metal and/or soil and stone such as glass, concrete, tile, ridge tile, pottery, inorganic building material and sediment
FIG. 1 shows a treatment device 1 for carrying out the metal-containing waste treatment method according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and the treatment device 1 is provided with: a heater 2 for heating a received dust D1; a crusher 3 for crushing a heated dust D2; a sieving machine 4 for sieving a crushed dust D3; a magnetic force sorting device (hereinafter abbreviated as "magnetic sorter”) 5 for removing a magnetically attractable substance from a sieved fine particle (under sieve) D4; a wind force sorting device (hereinafter abbreviated as “wind sorter”) 6 for removing a light material from a dust D6 after the magnetically attractable substance is removed; a magnetic sorter 7 for removing a magnetically attractable substance from dust D7 after the light material is removed; and an air table 8 for performing dry type gravity sorting for a dust D8 after the magnetically attractable substance is removed.
a heater 2 for heating a received dust D1
a crusher 3 for crushing a
the heater 2 is installed to heat the received dust D1 at 250°C to 400°C to embrittle resin (waste other than metal) in the dust D1, and as the heater 2 can be used a fixed furnace, a stoker furnace, a rotary kiln furnace, a fluidized bed furnace, a vertical furnace, a multistage furnace or the like.
the heating treatment may be performed in air atmosphere, oxidizing atmosphere, reducing atmosphere or inert atmosphere, but performing it in oxidizing atmosphere is preferable because mechanical strength of the dust D1 can be decreased in a shorter time in comparison to other atmospheres.
the crusher 3 is installed to crush the heated dust D2, and as the crusher 3 can be used a hummer crusher, an impact crusher, a jaw crusher, a roll crusher, a cutter mill, a roller mill, an autogenous grinder or the like. In view of wear property and sizing property against metal mixed in the dust D2, impact-type hummer crushers or impact crushers are preferably used.
the sieving machine 4 can be used a vibration sieve, a rotary screen or the like, and the sieving machine 4 is not particularly restricted as far as it has openings of X mm and can separate the crushed dust D3 into the coarse particle (on sieve) D5 whose size is more or equal to Xmm and the fine particle (under sieve) D4 whose size is less than Xmm.
magnétique sorters 5, 7 can be used a hanging-type or a drum-type sorter with a permanent magnet.
the wind sorter 6 is a device for sorting by difference in terminal speeds between the sorted objects, and kinds thereof are not particularly limited, and as the wind sorter 6, as far as it can sort the dust D6 into a light material and a heavy material can be used a vertical type, an internal circulation type, a zig zag type and so on.
the wind sorter 6 has a construction for arbitrarily changing a sorting point of the light material and the heavy material. Since components of the dust D6 vary to a certain extent, it is preferable to operate the wind sorter 6 while the sorting point described above is properly adjusted in order to preferably balance between that the light material after the wind sorting is easily converted to fuel by the crushing and that the light material converted to fuel is secured as much as possible.
the air table 8 is installed to apply dry type gravity sorting to the dust D8.
the air table 8 is mounted, as shown in Fig. 2(a) , to sort the dust D8 into a light product L1, a heavy product H1, and a middle weight product M1 having a specific gravity between these products by the dry type gravity sorting, and is provided with: a vibratory table 8a, inclining at predetermined inclination angles ⁇ 1 (end slope) and ⁇ 2 (side slope), with small vent holes for air A for vibrating in directions of bidirectional arrows V; a blowing up type blower (not shown) for supplying the air A through rotation from the lower surface of the vibratory table 8a to the upper surface thereof; partition boards 8c, 8d as boundaries of each product discharged from an end portion 8b of the vibratory table 8a; and so on.
a dust collector such as a cyclone, and the lightest matter in the dust D8 is blown up by airflow to be recovered as
the dust D8 after the magnetically attractable substance is removed is fed to the air table 8
recovery accuracies of noble metals and copper can be improved.
size of the dust D8 is less than 8mm
the dust D8 is fed to sieving devices with 5mm and 2mm openings in this order, which sorts the dust D8 into a particle group whose particle diameter is less than 8mm and more or equal to 5mm, a particle group whose particle diameter is less than 5mm and more or equal to 2mm, and a particle group whose particle diameter is less than 2mm.
the particle group whose particle diameter is less than 8mm and more or equal to 5mm, the particle group whose particle diameter is less than 5mm and more or equal to 2mm, and the particle group whose particle diameter is less than 2mm are separately fed to the air table 8, and the dust D8 may be separately treated in accordance with the particle diameter ranges.
classification diameter of the particle diameter ranges can be properly adjusted as far as the classification diameter is less or equal to X mm.
a received dust D1 is fed to the heater 2 to be heated, and an embrittled dust D2 is obtained.
Applying heating treatment at the above temperature to the dust D1 allows mechanical strength thereof to be decreased to embrittle it, but it is preferable to make relationship between the heating temperature and the heating time inverse proportion such that when the heating temperature is set to be 300°C, the heating time is set to be 1.5 hours; when the temperature is set to be 350°C, the time is set to be 1 hour; and when the temperature is set to be 400°C, the time is set to be 45 minutes.
the heating temperature and the heating time varies with size of the dust D1, kinds of resin therein, and other conditions, it is preferable to properly adjust the relationship.
the heating treatment of the dust D1 it is preferable to mix a powdery woody body, a granular woody body or a crushed woody body into the dust D1 because entanglement of resin and metal can be eliminated and recovery ratio of metal improves.
the powdery woody body the granular woody body woody or the crushed woody body are listed plant fibers such as wood waste, bamboo waste and coconut husk, and it is preferable to use the wood waste in the plant fibers because the wood waste can be easily ground when being recovered together with the light product. It is preferable that mixing ratio of the powdery woody body, the granular woody body woody or the crushed woody body is 10 to 30 mass percent of the whole matter including the dust D1.
the embrittled dust D2 is fed to the crusher 3 to be crushed, and a dust D3 discharged from the crusher 3 is fed to the sieving machine 4 to be sorted into a fine particle D4 and a coarse particle D5. Then, returning the coarse particle D5 to the crusher 3 to grind it again can obtain the fine particle D4 whose size is less than Xmm. Meanwhile, when large mass, that is, particle whose size is 20mm for example generates in the dust D2, it is preferable to previously crush and disintegrate it. In addition, without returning the coarse particle D5 to the crusher 3, only the fine particle D4 sieved in the sieving machine 4 may be fed to the magnetic sorter 5.
Xmm of openings of the sieving machine 4 it is preferable to set Xmm of openings of the sieving machine 4 such that, in order to secure preferable sorting accuracy in the following air table 8, a dust whose particle diameter is 0.5 to 10 mm in the crushed dust D3 becomes more than 60 weight percent of the whole crushed dust D3, and when the whole crushed dust D3 is treated at one time it is preferable to set X 6 to 9. Because there is a possibility that sorting accuracy in the air table 8 decreases when a particle whose particle diameter is less than 0.5 mm is too much, or when a particle whose particle diameter is more or equal to 10 mm is too much.
the metal sorting can be performed by magnetic sorting, eddy current sorting, sorter sorting or the like.
the eddy current sorting is a method of sorting nonferrous metal such as aluminum from the dust D2 and the like by utilizing a difference in repulsive forces based on eddy currents.
a thrust is added to a shredder dust transported on the front end side of the conveyer belt in a rotating direction of the rotating magnetic body, and nonferrous metal or the like is made bounce out from the surface of the conveyer belt in a direction of the resultant force of this thrust and the gravity acted to the nonferrous metal or the like.
the eddy current sorting device is preferably used a magnet rotation type, a direct belt conveyor type or a cylinder rotation type device.
the fine particle D4 is fed to the magnetic sorter 5, and a magnetic metal such as iron is magnetically collected in the magnetic sorter 5 to be removed.
the fine particle D4 includes metal waste, and final target is to recover noble metals such as gold and silver therefrom, so that general-purpose metal such as iron that is magnetically attractable substance is sorted and removed from the fine particle D4.
the dust D6 from the magnetic sorter 5 is fed to the wind sorter 6 to remove a light material.
Previously removing light material can reduce load in shape sorting in the air table 8 in a post stage, resulting in improved recovery accuracy of noble metals.
the dust D6 is sorted by wind force, as light materials are mainly separated soft waste plastic, fiber and the like, and as heavy materials are mainly separated metal waste, soil and stone waste, large-diameter hard waste plastic and the like.
the dust D7 after the light materials are removed is fed to the magnetic sorter 7, and in the magnetic sorter 7 is removed the magnetically attractable substance such as iron, and the dust D8 from the magnetic sorter 7 is fed to the air table 8.
the dust D8 is fed onto the vibratory table 8a of the air table 8, and by the vibration of the vibratory table 8a and the air A supplied from a blowing-up type blower, on the vibratory table 8a, as shown in Fig. 2(b) are formed flows of the light product L1, the middle weight product M1 and the heavy product H1, and by the partition boards 8c, 8d, these products L1, M1, H1 are separately discharged from the end 8b of the vibratory table 8a.
the partition boards 8c, 8d are mounted at the positions of the boundary lines among the products L1, M1, H1 that are predicted based on property of the dust D8, so that when the property of the dust D8 is deferent from that being predicted, the positions of boundary lines among the products L1, M1, H1 in the end portion 8b of the air table 8 are deferent from those being predicted.
the partition boards 8c, 8d are mounted at the positions of the boundary lines among the products L1, M1, H1 that are predicted based on property of the dust D8, so that when the property of the dust D8 is deferent from that being predicted, the positions of boundary lines among the products L1, M1, H1 in the end portion 8b of the air table 8 are deferent from those being predicted.
the color distributions generate due to substantially three colors of brown or block based on fixed carbon of the light product L1, silver based on aluminum of the middle weight product M1 and copper based on copper of the heavy product H1.
the middle weight product M1 and the heavy product H1 have constant widths are adjusted ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, amount of the air A and frequency of the vibratory table 8a.
the light product L1 obtained in the air table 8 is an embrittled material of resin and the like, and the middle weight product M1 is aluminum and glass, and the heavy product H1 is copper and noble metals such as gold and silver.
the lightest material is blown up by air flow to be recovered by a cyclone.
the heavy product H1 are recovered lead and chromium that are cement repellents, which decreases amount of the cement repellents mixed into cement as the following fuel.
the air table 8 when in the air table 8 may be mixed a small amount of copper and the like into the middle weight product M1 and a small amount of aluminum may be mixed into the heavy product H1, in such cases, the middle weight product M1 and the heavy product H1 are separately treated in a gravity sorter or a color sorter, and the copper and the like are removed from the middle weight product M1, and from the heavy product H1 is removed aluminum.
eddy current sorting to the heavy product H1 obtained by the air table 8 can make noble metal concentration high.
a magnet rotation type eddy current sorting device it is preferable to make rotational speed of a drum more than 4000rpm. With this, it is possible to efficiently recover noble metals as conductors from the heavy product H1 whose size is small.
a material other than the heavy product H1 by the air table 8 is recovered as fuel.
the light material recovered by the wind sorter 6 and the cyclone dust CD, the light product L1 and the middle weight product M1 recovered by the air table 8 contribute reuse as fuel, so that the dust and others are recovered as fuel.
they are ground in advance to be less or equal to 3 mm, more preferably less or equal to 1mm, further preferably less or equal to 0.1 mm.
the present embodiment from shredder dust are recovered noble metals such as gold, silver and copper.
recovered materials other than the heavy product H1 recovered by the air table 8 are recovered as fuel.
the fuel obtained as described above is preferably used after chlorine is removed therefrom, that is, desalting is performed.
the desalting is performed by water washing or the like.
the present embodiment are focused on a point that the metals included in the received dust D1 and the embrittled material of resin and the like are different in color with each other and a point that in metals exist metals whose colors are different from each other, and based on the colors can be adjusted operating condition of the air table 8, so that it is possible to handle a case that the property of the waste changes, and sorting accuracy of the shredder dust can be improved.
a treatment device 10 according to the present embodiment is provided with, in addition to the heater 2 to the air table 8 in the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1 , a magnetic sorter 11 for removing a magnetically attractable substance from a coarse particle (on sieve) D5 of the sieving machine 4; a sieving machine 12 for sieving a dust D9 after the magnetically attractable substance is removed; an eddy current sorter 13 for collecting a nonferrous metal from a fine particle (under sieve) D10 discharged from the sieving machine 12; an electromagnetic induction sorter 15 for recovering a stainless steel from a dust D11 discharged from the eddy current sorter 13; and an eddy current sorter 14 for recovering a nonferrous metal from a coarse particle (on sieve) D12 discharged from the sieving machine 12.
the magnetic sorter 11 like the magnetic sorters 5, 7 in the first embodiment can be used a hanging type or drum type sorter with a permanent magnet or the like.
the sieving machine 12 like the sieving machine 4 in the first embodiment can be used a vibration sieve, a rotary screen or the like.
the eddy current sorters 13, 14 are, as described above, devices for sorting nonferrous metal such as aluminum by utilizing a difference in repulsive forces based on eddy currents, and as the eddy current sorters 13, 14 can be used magnet rotation type, direct belt conveyor type or cylinder rotation type devices. Meanwhile, when the magnet rotation type eddy current sorter is used rotational speed of a drum may be less or equal to 4000 rpm.
the electromagnetic induction sorter 15 utilizes this phenomenon, and detects the eddy current by using a magnetic field sensor and sorts object bodies by identifying kinds of the object bodies through computer analysis based on the difference in the current value.
the vertical mill is a device for grinding, drying and separating into a fine powder and a course powder against a raw waste, and finally sorts into a mill product on fine particle side with a predetermined particle diameter distribution and a mill discharge on course powder side with a larger predetermined particle diameter distribution (refer to Japanese patent application 2016-89196 gazette).
the coarse particle D5 In the first embodiment is returned the coarse particle D5 from the sieving machine 4 to the crusher 3, but in the present embodiment is fed the coarse particle D5 to the magnetic sorter 11, and in the magnetic sorter 11 is magnetically collected and removed a magnetic metal such as iron.
the dust D9 discharged from the magnetic sorter 11 is fed to the sieving machine 12 so as to be sieved into a fine particle D10 whose size is less than 30mm and a coarse particle D12 whose size is more or equal to 30mm, and the fine particle D10 and the coarse particle D12 are separately fed to the eddy current sorters 13, 14 to recover nonferrous metals such as aluminum and copper therefrom. Further, dusts D11, D13 from the eddy current sorters 13, 14 are fed to the electromagnetic induction sorter 15 to recover stainless steels. At last, a dust D14 is manually sorted to obtain a nonferrous metal and a residue. The residue is for being utilized as fuel.
nonferrous metal is that recovered from the products after the magnetic sorting and the like as previous processes, so that the nonferrous metal has a sufficient concentration as recycled raw material, which improves recovery rate of the nonferrous metal as the whole.
the sieving machine 4 is arranged in a later stage of the magnetic sorter 7 as a sieving machine 21, and the treatment device 20 is provided with air tables 22, 23 for separately performing dry type gravity sorting to a fine particle (under sieve) D27 and a coarse particle (on sieve) D28 from the sieving machine 21 in a later stage of the sieving machine 21.
the air tables 22, 23 can be used the same ones as the air table 8 shown in Fig. 2 , and the air table 22 separates the fine particle D27 into a light product L21, a heavy product H21, and a middle weight product M21 having a specific gravity between these products, and the air table 23 separates the coarse particle D28 into a light product L22 and a heavy product H22.
a treatment method of shredder dust in the present embodiment will be explained with reference to Fig. 4 .
Motions of the heater 2, the crusher 3, the magnetic sorter 5, the wind sorter 6 and the magnetic sorter 7 are the same as those in the first embodiment, and the received dust D21 is heated in the heater 2, and a heated dust D22 is crushed in the crusher 3, and from a crushed dust D23 is removed a magnetically attractable substance by the magnetic sorter 5, and from a dust D24 after the magnetically attractable substance is removed is removed a light material by the wind sorter 6, and from a dust D25 after the light material is removed is removed a magnetically attractable substance by the magnetic sorter 7.
a dust D26 from the magnetic sorter 7 is fed to the sieving machine 21 so as to be sieved into a fine particle D27 and a coarse particle D28, and the fine particle D27 is fed to the air table 22 to be sieved into a light product L21, a middle weight product M21 and a heavy product H21, and the coarse particle D28 is fed to the air table 23 to recover a light product L22 and a heavy product H22.
Sieving motion in the air table 22 is the same as that in the air table 8 in the first embodiment.
the coarse particle D28 is sorted into the light product L22 and the heavy product H22 by dry type gravity sorting in the air table 23 also, based on color distributions of the coarse particle D28 is adjusted a partition board (not shown) of the air table 23.
the light products L21, L22 obtained by the air tables 22, 23 are embrittled materials such as resin and the like, and the middle weight product M21 obtained by the air table 22 is aluminum and glass, and the heavy product H21 obtained by the air table 22 is copper and noble metals such as gold and silver, and the heavy product H22 obtained by the air table 23 is aluminum.
the air table 22 in the same manner as the air table 8 in the first embodiment, there is a possibility that in the air table 22 are mixed a small amount of copper and the like into the middle weight product M21 and a small amount of aluminum is mixed into the heavy product H21.
the middle weight product M21 and the heavy product H21 are separately treated in a gravity sorter or a color sorter, and from the middle weight product M21 are removed copper and the like, and from the heavy product H21 is removed aluminum.
two partition boards 8c, 8d are mounted on boundary lines among products L21, M21 and H21.
the present invention is not limited to the case, and only one partition board 8c may be mounted on the boundary line between the middle weight product M21 and the light product L21.
sorting is performed under a condition that the middle weight product M21 and the heavy product H21 coexist, so that an aluminum in the middle weight product M21 and a copper in the heavy product H21 are sorted by a gravity sorter or a color sorter.
the dust D21 described above includes 1% or more aluminum and 1% or more copper to the whole dust D21. But, when an aluminum in the dust D21 is 1% or more and a copper therein is less than 1% to the whole dust D21, the dust D21 includes much metals other than copper such as iron, nickel and noble metal as the heavy product H21.
the partition board 8c may be mounted between the heavy product H21 and the middle weight product M21, and the partition board 8d may be mounted between the middle weight product M21 and the light product L21, or one partition board 8c may be mounted on the boundary line between the middle weight product M21 and the light product L21.
sorting is performed under a condition the middle weight product M21 and the heavy product H21 coexist, so that an aluminum in the middle weight product M21 and metals in the heavy product H21 are sorted by a gravity sorter or a color sorter.
the dust D21 or a waste with high aluminum content to the dust D27 before it is fed to the air table 22 such that aluminum content of the dust D27 becomes 1% or more to treat the dust D27.
an area of the middle weight product M21 which can prevent copper and the like from mixing into the light product L21.
a waste including aluminum or/and copper is added to the dust D21 or the dust D27 before it is fed to the air table 22, and contents of aluminum and copper are made to 1% or more, which allows areas of the middle weight product M21 and the heavy product H21 to generate clearly, so that preferable positions where the partition boards 8c, 8d are mounted can be determined.
wastes including much aluminum are cloth wastes with ornaments such as fasteners and buttons, aluminum electrolytic capacitors electrically mounted on substrates, and so on.
wastes including much copper are cloth wastes with ornaments such as fasteners and buttons, and electrical wire connectors, USB cables, modular plugs, coated copper wires, and so on.
operation of the air table 22 is fed back so as to increase the heavy product H21 such as copper and noble metals in accordance with a condition that the heavy product H21 is recovered.
positions of the partition boards 8c, 8d of the air table 22, frequency of the vibratory table 8a, inclination angles ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 of the vibratory table 8a, amount of air of the vibratory table 8a and others are fed back in accordance with a condition that the heavy product H21 is recovered. Meanwhile, recovery condition of the heavy product H21 is judged by measuring bulk specific gravity of the recovered heavy product H21 for example.
the treatment device 30 according to the present embodiment is different from the treatment device 20 according to the third embodiment in that by the sieving machine 31 is divided a dust D36 into three particles consisting of a fine particle D39, a middle size particle D40 and a coarse particle D41, and the fine particle D39, the middle size particle D40 and the coarse particle D41 are treated by air tables 32, 33 and 34 respectively. Explanations of the same construction as the treatment device 20 other than the above are omitted.
the sieving machine 31 can be used a vibration sieve, a rotary screen or the like, and each air table 32, 33, 34 has the same construction as the air table 8.
the fine particle D39 is less than 2mm in diameter, the middle size particle D40 more or equal to 2mm and less than 5mm in diameter, and the coarse particle D41 is more than 5mm in diameter.
the fine particle D39 is divided into a light product L33 and a heavy product H33 by the air table 32.
the light product L33 is glass
the heavy product H33 is copper and noble metals.
a partition board is mounted between flows of the light product L33 and the heavy product H33 based on color of copper to enable the sorting.
the middle size particle D40 is divided into a light product L34, a middle weight product M34 and a heavy product H34 by the air table 33.
the light product L34 is an embrittled material such as resin
the middle weight product M34 is aluminum and glass
the heavy product H33 is copper and noble metals.
a partition board is mounted between flows of the light product L34 and the middle weight product M34 based on color of aluminum to enable the sorting
a partition board is mounted between flows of the middle product M34 and the heavy weight product H34 based on color of copper to enable the sorting.
the coarse particle D41 is divided into a light product L35 and a heavy product H35 by the air table 34.
the light product L35 is an embrittled material such as resin
the heavy product H35 is aluminum.
a partition board is mounted between flows of the light product L35 and the heavy product H35 based on color of aluminum to enable the sorting.
the present embodiment also are focused on a point that colors of the embrittled wastes such as metals, resins and the like included in a shredder dust of waste automobile are different from each other and a point that in metals exist metals whose colors are different from each other, and based on the colors can be adjusted operating conditions of the air tables 32, 33 and 34, so that it is possible to handle a case that the property of the waste changes, and sorting accuracy of the shredder dust can be improved.
the treatment device 50 according to the present embodiment is different from the treatment device 20 according to the third embodiment in that the dust D56 after the magnetically attractable substance is removed by the magnetic sorter 7 is sorted in two stages by air tables 51, 52 without sieving sort.
Each air table 51, 52 has the same construction as the air table 8. Explanations of the same construction as the treatment device 20 other than the above are omitted.
the dust D56 after the magnetically attractable substance is removed by the magnetic sorter 7 is fed to the air table 51 to be sorted into a light product L56 and a heavy product H56.
the light product L56 is an embrittled material such as resin
a heavy product H56 is a mixture of aluminum, glass, copper and noble metals.
a partition board is mounted between flows of the light product L56 and the heavy product H56 based on colors of aluminum and copper to enable the sorting.
the heavy product H56 is fed to the air table 52 to be sorted into a light product L57, a middle weight product M57 and a heavy product H57.
the light product L57 is glass
the middle weight product M57 is aluminum
the heavy product H57 is copper and noble metals.
a partition board is mounted between flows of the light product L57 and the middle weight product M57 based on color of aluminum to enable the sorting
a partition board is mounted between flows of the middle product M57 and the heavy weight product H57 based on color of copper to enable the sorting.
the present embodiment also are focused on a point that colors of the embrittled wastes such as metals, resins and the like included in a shredder dust of waste automobile are different from each other and a point that in metals exist metals whose colors are different from each other, and based on the colors can be adjusted operating conditions of the air tables 51, 52, so that it is possible to handle a case that the property of the waste changes, and sorting accuracy of the shredder dust can be improved.
Example 1 First, 2514 kg of automobile shredder dust was prepared, and to the automobile shredder dust was added a slaked lime. Next, to an antler kiln heated to 320°C was fed the automobile shredder dust with a feeding speed of 30 kg/h to perform heating treatment. After the treatment, 1961kg of embrittled shredder dust was obtained.
the nonferrous metal was recovered from products after the manual sorting and the magnetic sorting were performed in previous processes, so that the nonferrous metal had sufficient concentration of metals as a recycling material, and recovery ratio of the nonferrous metal on the whole could be improved. Further, concentration and recovery ratio of silver were relatively high.
each embrittled material is better than pulverized coal in combustibility, and the embrittled material can be used in place of pulverized coal as fuel without problems.
amounts recovered by sorting are shown in the following Table 2.
[Table 2] RECOVERY AMOUNT (kg) BURNING TIME (minute) 0.5 1 2 4 RESIDUE OBTAINED BY SORT 604 64 67 68 68 LIGHT MATERIAL 811 50 54 57 56 LIGHT PRODUCT 90 40 38 40 43 CYCLONE DUST 7 55 55 55 55 57 PULVERIZED COAL 29 38 59 75 (%)
Example 2 At first, 650kg of an automobile shredder dust was prepared, and to the automobile shredder dust was added wood chips and a slaked lime. The ratio of the automobile shredder dust and the wood chips is 70 to 30.
a powdery woody body or a granular woody body was preferably mixed to the shredder dust since entanglement of resins and metals was eliminated to improve recovery ratio of metals.
the powdery woody body or the granular woody body are listed vegetable fibers such as wood chips, bamboo waste and coconut shell, among them, wood chips are preferably used since when recovered together with a light product they can be ground with ease.
510kg of embrittled shredder dust that was obtained by the above treatment was fed to a hammer-type crusher with a screen with 8mm openings for crushing. After the crushing, 510kg of embrittled shredder dust whose largest particle diameter was 8mm or less was obtained. As for this embrittled shredder dust, ratio of particles whose particle diameter were between 0.5-5mm to the whole particles exceeded 60 weight %.
⁇ 1 end slope
⁇ 2 side slope
air feed rate 0.5-3m/s
table frequency 4-10Hz in accordance with operating conditions.
Results shown in Tables 6 and 7 mean that gold, silver and copper are much in the heavy product and the heavy product is proved to be useful as refining raw material.
the middle weight product are included copper and aluminum, but concentrations thereof are low, so that it can be refining raw materials by further processes for separately sorting copper and aluminum.
Colorific values of the dust sorted by wind force (light material), the light product and the cyclone dust are high, so that they can be used as fuels together with the residue after a copper and an aluminum are sorted from the middle weight product.

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