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EP2033255A1 - Système à pile à combustible - Google Patents

Système à pile à combustible

Info

Publication number
EP2033255A1
EP2033255A1 EP07785537A EP07785537A EP2033255A1 EP 2033255 A1 EP2033255 A1 EP 2033255A1 EP 07785537 A EP07785537 A EP 07785537A EP 07785537 A EP07785537 A EP 07785537A EP 2033255 A1 EP2033255 A1 EP 2033255A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
fuel
cell system
afterburner
reformer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07785537A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Matthias Boltze
Michael Rozumek
Stefan Käding
Manfred Pfalzgraf
Andreas Engl
Beate Bleeker
Michael Süßl
Markus Bedenbecker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Enerday GmbH
Original Assignee
Enerday GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Enerday GmbH filed Critical Enerday GmbH
Publication of EP2033255A1 publication Critical patent/EP2033255A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/025—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
    • C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
    • C01B2203/169—Controlling the feed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
    • C01B2203/1695—Adjusting the feed of the combustion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • the fuel cell system The fuel cell system
  • the invention relates to a fuel cell system comprising a reformer and an afterburner each for reacting at least fuel and oxidant; and a fuel supply means for supplying the reformer and the afterburner with fuel.
  • the invention relates to a motor vehicle with such a fuel cell system.
  • Generic systems are used to convert chemical energy into electrical energy.
  • the key element in such systems is a fuel cell in which electrical energy is released by the controlled conversion of hydrogen and oxygen.
  • Common fuel cell systems for example, a PEM system ("Proton Exchange Membrane"), which can typically be operated at operating temperatures between room temperature and about 100 0 C.
  • PEM system Proton Exchange Membrane
  • high-temperature fuel cells are known, for example, so-called.
  • SOFC systems Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
  • SOFC systems Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
  • DE 103 60 458 A1 discloses a generic fuel cell system with a reduced number of components for the fuel supply.
  • this system has the disadvantage that the controllability of the individual components of the fuel cell system is impaired because a change in the delivery rate of fuel or oxidant automatically affects all components.
  • the fuel cell system according to the invention builds on the generic state of the art in that at least one flow adjustment valve for controlling the fuel supply is connected upstream of at least the reformer or the afterburner.
  • at least one flow adjustment valve for controlling the fuel supply is connected upstream of at least the reformer or the afterburner.
  • the fuel cell system according to the invention can advantageously be further developed in that the afterburner is preceded by the at least one flow control valve for controlling the fuel supply, and no flow control valve is provided in a fuel supply line to the reformer.
  • the afterburner has a lower fuel consumption than the reformer, the supply of the reformer is thus always secured, with a comparatively lower supply to the afterburner can be achieved by controlling the corresponding flow adjustment valve.
  • the fuel cell system according to the invention may be designed such that in each case at least one flow adjustment valve for controlling the fuel supply is connected upstream of the reformer and the afterburner.
  • an additional flow control valve is required as compared with the previous one, but this embodiment enables even more controllability of the fuel cell system.
  • an oxidant supply means is provided for supplying the reformer and the afterburner with oxidizing agent.
  • the oxidizing agent supply device is suitable for further supplying a fuel cell stack with cathode feed. Due to this measure, no separate oxidant supply means for the supply of the fuel cell stack is required, which allows cost savings.
  • the fuel cell system according to the invention can be further developed in that a sensor is connected downstream of the at least one flow adjustment valve, which sensor is coupled to an electronic control unit for controlling the flow adjustment valve.
  • the senor is a flow meter.
  • the invention provides a motor vehicle with such a fuel cell system according to the invention.
  • This vehicle provides the advantages described above in a metaphorical manner.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a first exemplary embodiment of the fuel cell system according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram of a second
  • Embodiment of the fuel cell system according to the invention Embodiment of the fuel cell system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a first exemplary embodiment of the fuel cell system according to the invention.
  • the fuel cell system comprises a fuel supply device 10 and an oxidant supply device 12 each having variably adjustable delivery rates which are independently adjustable by means of an electronic control unit 14. All lines shown in dashed lines in the figures represent control or measuring lines. From the output sides of the fuel supply device 10 and the Oxidationsstoff- supply 12 branch off supply strands, in each of which a controllable by the electronic control unit 14 flow adjustment valve 16-24 is connected.
  • the term supply strand refers in particular to a supply line which is connected to a supply line
  • a reformer 26 the fuel cell system via the Brennstoffzu 1500ein- device 10 and the flow adjustment valve 16 fuel, such as diesel, gasoline or natural gas, fed. Further, the reformer 26 via the Oxidationsstoffzu slaughter grounds 12 and the flow adjustment valve 18 oxidizing agent, eg air, can be fed.
  • the fuel supplied to the reformer 26 and the oxidizing agent are converted to reformate 28, which is supplied to a fuel cell stack 30.
  • the fuel cell stack 30 is made up of individual fuel cells that are stacked on top of each other and electrically connected in series.
  • the reformate 28 produced in the reformer 26 reaches an anode of the individual fuel cells of the fuel cell stack 30.
  • the cathode of the fuel cells of the fuel cell stack 30 can be fed via the oxidant supply device 12, the flow adjustment valve 24 and a heat exchanger 32 cathode feed 34 as an oxidizing agent.
  • the individual fuel cells of the fuel cell stack 30 By supplying the reformate 28 and the cathode feed air 34, the individual fuel cells of the fuel cell stack 30 generate electrical energy in a generally known manner, which can be tapped off at electrical connections 36 and 38 via an electrical voltage.
  • a cathode exhaust air 40 flows from the fuel cell stack 30 to a mixing unit 42, and an anode exhaust gas 44 is supplied to a mixing unit 46 of a post-burner 48.
  • fuel can be supplied to the afterburner 48 via the fuel supply device 10 and the flow adjustment valve 20.
  • the afterburner 48 can be supplied with oxidizing agent via the oxidizing agent supply device 12 and the flow adjustment valve 22.
  • the mixture of fuel and oxidant may optionally be mixed with anode exhaust 44 by means of the mixing unit 46.
  • the hot exhaust gases of the afterburner 48 are connected to the fuel cell stack 30th leaving cathode exhaust 40 mixed in the mixing unit 42.
  • the resulting mixture flows through the heat exchanger 32 to preheat the cathode feed 34.
  • the flow adjustment valves 16-24 are followed by sensors 50-58, which are electrically coupled to the electronic control unit 14, ie, arranged on the output side of the flow control valves 16-24.
  • the sensors 50-58 may be pressure sensors or flow meters which supply a measurement signal for controlling the flow adjustment valves 16-24 to the electronic control unit 14. Suitable flow meters are, for example, Coriolis mass flow meters, vortex flow meters or differential pressure meters.
  • the supply of fuel or oxidizing agent to the reformer 26, the afterburner 48 and the fuel cell stack 30 is arbitrarily variable by the flow rate of the corresponding supply means 10 and 12 and the flow of the corresponding flow adjustment valve 16-24 means electronic control unit 14 are set accordingly.
  • the electronic control unit 14 preferably determines, by means of predefined tables, the activation of the fuel supply device 10, the oxidant supply device 12 required for a desired operating state and the required flow rates of fuel or oxidizing agent at the individual flow adjustment valves 16-24.
  • the actual attainment of the desired flow rates at the flow adjustment valves 16-24 is ensured by controlling the flow adjustment valves 16-24 by evaluating the measurement signals from the sensors 50-58.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic block diagram of a second exemplary embodiment of the fuel cell system according to the invention.
  • the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment only in that the flow adjustment valves 16 and 18 and the associated sensors 50 and 52 are omitted.
  • two flow adjustment valves and two sensors can be saved.
  • the flow adjusting valves 20 and 22 for supplying the afterburner 48 and the associated sensors 54 and 56 still need to be present . If, for example, the supply of the media to the reformer 26 is increased during operation and the supply to the afterburner 48 remains constant, the delivery rate of the fuel supply device 10 and of the oxidant supply device 12 is increased, for example, and the respective flow rate of the flow control valves 20 and 22 is regulated kept constant, to which a cross-section of these flow adjustment valves is narrowed. As described in connection with the first exemplary embodiment, this is performed by the electronic control unit 14 while evaluating the measurement signals supplied by the sensors 54 and 56. This results in an increased media supply of the reformer 26 and a constant maintained media supply of the afterburner 48th
  • the reformer 26 or the afterburner 48 may also be assigned a plurality of flow adjustment valves for the fuel supply and / or a plurality of flow control valves for the oxidant supply, connected in parallel with one another.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système à pile à combustible qui comprend un reformeur (26) et un brûleur de post-combustion (48), permettant chacun de faire réagir au moins un combustible et un oxydant, ainsi qu'un dispositif d'alimentation en combustible (10) destiné à alimenter en combustible le reformeur (26) et le brûleur de post-combustion (48). Selon l'invention, au moins une vanne de réglage de débit (16, 20), servant à commander l'alimentation en combustible, est placée en amont au moins du reformeur (26) ou du brûleur de post-combustion (48), ce qui est particulièrement avantageux. L'invention concerne également un véhicule automobile équipé d'un tel système à pile à combustible.
EP07785537A 2006-06-28 2007-06-12 Système à pile à combustible Withdrawn EP2033255A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006029743A DE102006029743A1 (de) 2006-06-28 2006-06-28 Brennstoffzellensystem
PCT/DE2007/001036 WO2008000217A1 (fr) 2006-06-28 2007-06-12 Système à pile à combustible

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2033255A1 true EP2033255A1 (fr) 2009-03-11

Family

ID=37866168

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06828484A Withdrawn EP2033251A1 (fr) 2006-06-28 2006-09-28 Système à pile à combustible
EP07785537A Withdrawn EP2033255A1 (fr) 2006-06-28 2007-06-12 Système à pile à combustible

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06828484A Withdrawn EP2033251A1 (fr) 2006-06-28 2006-09-28 Système à pile à combustible

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (2) US20090176137A1 (fr)
EP (2) EP2033251A1 (fr)
JP (2) JP2010512611A (fr)
KR (2) KR20090005233A (fr)
CN (2) CN101479871A (fr)
AU (2) AU2006345057A1 (fr)
BR (2) BRPI0621742A2 (fr)
CA (2) CA2653418A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102006029743A1 (fr)
EA (2) EA200870482A1 (fr)
WO (2) WO2008000201A1 (fr)

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DE102008034674B8 (de) * 2008-07-25 2021-08-26 Daimler Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung in einer Kaltstartphase sowie Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung
AT510354B1 (de) * 2010-08-25 2014-06-15 Vaillant Group Austria Gmbh Brennstoffzellenanlage
KR101447335B1 (ko) * 2012-12-24 2014-10-06 포스코에너지 주식회사 배열을 활용한 스팀터빈 연계 고효율 연료전지 하이브리드 시스템
GB201312329D0 (en) * 2013-07-09 2013-08-21 Ceres Ip Co Ltd Improved fuel cell systems and methods
CA3175315A1 (fr) * 2014-09-19 2016-03-24 Watt Fuel Cell Corp. Gestion thermique d'unites et de systemes de pile a combustible

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US3516807A (en) * 1966-04-06 1970-06-23 Texas Instruments Inc Apparatus for producing hydrogen gas by the partial oxidation of a carbonaceous fuel containing hydrogen
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JP2001158604A (ja) * 1999-11-30 2001-06-12 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 水素発生装置、およびそれを組み込んだ発電装置
JP3674441B2 (ja) * 2000-02-16 2005-07-20 日産自動車株式会社 改質器制御装置
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US6365291B1 (en) * 2000-04-05 2002-04-02 Utc Fuel Cells, Llc Direct antifreeze solution concentration control system for a fuel cell power plant
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US6699612B2 (en) * 2001-12-26 2004-03-02 Utc Fuel Cells, Llc Fuel cell power plant having a reduced free water volume
JP3820992B2 (ja) * 2002-01-08 2006-09-13 日産自動車株式会社 燃料電池システム
US7410016B2 (en) * 2002-06-24 2008-08-12 Delphi Technologies,Inc. Solid-oxide fuel cell system having a fuel combustor to pre-heat reformer on start-up
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JP4402867B2 (ja) * 2002-07-26 2010-01-20 パナソニック電工株式会社 改質装置
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EA200870482A1 (ru) 2009-04-28
JP2010512611A (ja) 2010-04-22
WO2008000217A1 (fr) 2008-01-03
KR20090005233A (ko) 2009-01-12
BRPI0621742A2 (pt) 2011-12-20
WO2008000201A1 (fr) 2008-01-03
KR20090005234A (ko) 2009-01-12
AU2006345057A1 (en) 2008-01-03
CA2653413A1 (fr) 2008-01-03
JP2009541952A (ja) 2009-11-26
EA200870483A1 (ru) 2009-04-28
BRPI0712585A2 (pt) 2012-10-16
EP2033251A1 (fr) 2009-03-11
AU2007264246A1 (en) 2008-01-03
CN101479874A (zh) 2009-07-08
US20090155653A1 (en) 2009-06-18
CN101479871A (zh) 2009-07-08
CA2653418A1 (fr) 2008-01-03
US20090176137A1 (en) 2009-07-09
DE102006029743A1 (de) 2008-01-03

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Inventor name: BEDENBECKER, MARKUS

Inventor name: SUESSL, MICHAEL

Inventor name: BLEEKER, BEATE

Inventor name: ENGL, ANDREAS

Inventor name: PFALZGRAF, MANFRED

Inventor name: KAEDING, STEFAN

Inventor name: ROZUMEK, MICHAEL

Inventor name: BOLTZE, MATTHIAS

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