DE69519408T2 - Schleifkörper - Google Patents
SchleifkörperInfo
- Publication number
- DE69519408T2 DE69519408T2 DE69519408T DE69519408T DE69519408T2 DE 69519408 T2 DE69519408 T2 DE 69519408T2 DE 69519408 T DE69519408 T DE 69519408T DE 69519408 T DE69519408 T DE 69519408T DE 69519408 T2 DE69519408 T2 DE 69519408T2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- mixture
- abrasive particles
- polymer
- abrasive
- mass
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001795 coordination polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001709 polysilazane Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003465 moissanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011214 refractory ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001149 thermolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- GJNGXPDXRVXSEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chlorobenzonitrile Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 GJNGXPDXRVXSEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017083 AlN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 1
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001272 pressureless sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
- B24D3/06—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic metallic or mixture of metals with ceramic materials, e.g. hard metals, "cermets", cements
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/632—Organic additives
- C04B35/6325—Organic additives based on organo-metallic compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
- B24D3/14—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic ceramic, i.e. vitrified bondings
- B24D3/16—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic ceramic, i.e. vitrified bondings for close-grained structure, i.e. of high density
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Description
- Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf Schleifkörper, die für Verschleißteile, Schneidwerkzeugeinsätze und dergleichen verwendet werden.
- Schleifkompakts werden in weitem Maße beim Schneiden, Mahlen, Schleifen, Bohren und anderen Schleifoperationen verwendet. Sie enthalten im allgemeinen ultraharte Schleifteilchen, die in einer Matrix einer zweiten Phase dispergiert sind. Die Matrix kann metallisch oder keramisch sein. Die ultraharten Schleifteilchen können Diamant oder kubisches Bornitrid (CBN) sein. Diese Teilchen sind dafür bekannt, daß sie sich während des unter hohem Druck und hoher Temperatur erfolgenden, allgemein verwendeten Kompakt-Herstellungsverfahrens aneinander binden und eine polykristalline Masse bilden. Die so hergestellten Körper sind demgemäß auch als PCD oder PCBN bekannt.
- Beispiele von Diamant- oder kubischen Bornitrid-Schleifkompakts werden in den US Patenten Nr. 3 745 623; 3 767 371; 3 743 489 und 4 334 928 beschrieben.
- Z. B. lehrt das US Patent 4 334 928 ein gesintertes Kompakt zur Verwendung in einem Werkzeug, das im wesentlichen aus 80 bis 20 Vol.-% der Hochdruckform des Bornitrids besteht, und der Rest eine Matrix aus wenigstens einer Bindematerial-Verbindung ist, welche aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, bestehend aus einem Carbid, einem Nitrid, einem Carbonitrid, einem Borid und einem Silicid eines Übergangsmetalls der Gruppe IVa oder Va des Periodensystems, Mischungen derselben und deren Mischkristall- Verbindungen; worin die Matrix eine kontinuierlich bindende Struktur in einem gesinterten Körper bildet und das Hochdruck- Bornitrid in einer kontinuierlichen Matrix dispergiert ist.
- Feuerfeste Keramiken sind bei relativ niedrigen Temperaturen und Umgebungsdrücken synthetisiert worden, indem man organische Vorstufen pyrolysierte. Gesinterte Keramikkörper verschiedener Formen können unter Verwendung dieser Route hergestellt werden. Die folgenden Veröffentlichungen beschreiben solche Verfahren:
- 1. Wright, J. K. und Evans, J. R. G., Br. Ceram. Trans. J., 89, 163-167, 1990.
- 2. Interrante L. V. et al. Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Bd. 249, 31, 1992.
- 3. Paine R. T. et al. Polymer Preprints, Bd. 34 Nr. 1, 336, 1993.
- 4. Seyferth D. et al. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 75 (5), 1300, 1992.
- 5. Bouillon E. et al. J. of Mat. Sci. 26 1333, 1991.
- 6. Soraru G. D. et al. J. of Mat. Sci., 25, 3886, 1990.
- 7. Gilbert M. Brown und Leon Maya T., Amer. Ceram. Soc. 71, 78-82 (1988).
- US-A-5 215 942 offenbart ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines verdichteten, Diamant-enthaltenden, keramischen Komposits, umfassend das Vermischen von Diamant-Pulver mit einer Sol-Gel- Lösung einer metallorganischen Vorstufe einer keramischen Zusammensetzung, um eine Mischung zu erzeugen; das Gelieren der Mischung, um ein feuchtes, poröses Gel mit Diamant-Pulver herzustellen, welches im gesamten Gel dispergiert ist; das Trocknen des feuchten, porösen Gels bei einer Temperatur, die die Siedepunkte von in dem Gel zurückbleibenden Flüssigkeiten nicht übersteigt, um ein stabilisiertes, poröses Komposit herzustellen; und Erwärmen des stabilisierten, porösen Komposits, um ein verdichtetes, Diamant-enthaltendes, keramisches Komposit bei einer Temperatur herzustellen, die ausreichend niedrig ist, um eine Graphitisierung des Diamants im wesentlichen zu verhindern.
- Diamant-Schleifscheiben, die eine Masse von Diamantteilchen umfassen, welche in einer keramischen Matrix dispergiert sind, sind in der Technik ebenfalls bekannt.
- Gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung schließt ein Herstellungsverfahren eines Schleifkörpers die Stufen
- (i) der Bereitstellung einer Mischung, umfassend ein metallorganisches Polymer, welches unter Bildung keramischer Teilchen pyrolysiert werden kann, und eine Masse von Schleifteilchen durch
- (a) Mahlen einer metallorganischen Vorstufe des Polymers mit der Masse der Schleifteilchen, Polymerisation der Vorstufe und anschließendes Mahlen der Mischung; oder
- (b) gleichzeitiges Mischen und Polymerisieren einer metallorganischen Vorstufe des Polymers und der Masse der Schleifteilchen, und anschließendes Mahlen der Mischung; oder
- (c) Mahlen des Polymers mit der Masse der Schleifteilchen;
- (ii) des Erwärmens der Mischung, um eine Pyrolyse des Polymers zu verursachen; und
- (iii) des Sinterns der pyrolysierten Mischung zu einem kohärenten Schleifkörper ein.
- Der durch das Verfahren der Erfindung hergestellte gesinterte Schleifkörper umfaßt Schleifteilchen, die in einem Material einer zweiten Phase dispergiert sind. Das Material der zweiten Phase ist eine Keramik, vorzugsweise eine feuerfeste Keramik. Beispiele geeigneter Keramiken sind Siliciumcarbid, Silicium nitrid, Siliciumcarbonitrid, Bornitrid, Borcarbid, Aluminiumnitrid, Wolframcarbid, Titancarbid, Titannitrid und allgemein verschiedene Carbide, Nitride und Boride von Übergangsmetallen.
- Benachbarte Schleifteilchen sind im allgemeinen nicht aneinander gebunden; sie sind aber stark an das Material der umgebenden, zweiten Phase gebunden, welches eine kontinuierliche Phase bildet. Die Schleifteilchen werden vorzugsweise aus der aus Diamant und kubischem Bornitrid oder Mischungen derselben bestehenden Gruppe ausgewählt.
- Die hergestellten gesinterten Schleifkörper sind zäh und abriebbeständig und geeignet, um z. B. als abriebbeständige Flächen, wie Laufflächen oder Werkzeugeinsätze, verwendet zu werden. Wenn das Schleifteilchen kubisches Bornitrid (CBN) ist, kann der Körper zum Schneiden oder zur spanabhebenden Bearbeitung von Eisenlegierungen oder Legierungen auf Eisen- Nickel-Basis oder Superlegierungen aus Nickelbasis verwendet werden. Wenn das Schleifteilchen Diamant ist, kann der Körper bei verschiedenen Schneide-, spanabhebenden Bearbeitungs- und. Bohranwendungen im Maschinen- und Bergbau verwendet werden. Z. B. kann er als abriebbeständiges, aktives Schneidelement bei Holzbearbeitungsanwendungen oder bei der spanabhebenden Bearbeitung von Aluminiumsilicium-Legierungen oder bei der spanabhebenden Bearbeitung von faserverstärktem Polymer oder Metallmatrixkompositen verwendet werden. Er kann auch als Schneide- oder Kaliber beibehaltendes Element bei Bohr- oder Ölbohrwerkzeugen verwendet werden.
- In der Stufe (i) des Verfahrens der Erfindung wird eine Mischung bereitgestellt, umfassend ein metallorganisches Polymer, das pyrolysiert werden kann, um keramische Teilchen und eine Masse von Schleifteilchen zu erzeugen. Dies kann auf verschiedenartige Weise erreicht werden, wie nachstehend beschrieben wird.
- In der Pyrolysestufe kann die Mischung auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 300 ºC bis einschließlich 1000ºC erwärmt werden, um eine Zersetzung des Polymers zu bewirken und gasförmige Nebenprodukte zu vertreiben.
- Die Stufe (ii) kann in drei Schritten durchgeführt werden:
- (ii)(a) schnelles Erwärmen der Mischung mit einer Aufheizgeschwindigkeit von z. B. bis zu 10ºC/min. bis die Temperatur etwa 300ºC erreicht;
- (ii)(b) dann langsames Erwärmen der Mischung mit einer Aufheizgeschwindigkeit von z. B. 10³/&sub4;C/h bis einschließlich 20ºC/h, wenn die Temperatur zwischen etwa 300 ºC und etwa 800 C liegt; und
- (ii)(c) dann schnelles Erwärmen der Mischung mit einer Aufheizgeschwindigkeit von z. B. bis zu 10ºC/min. bis die Temperatur etwa 1000 ºC erreicht.
- Die Mischung kann eine Zeitspanne lang bei der letzten Temperatur gehalten werden, um die Pyrolyse des Polymers zu gewährleisten. Z. B. kann die Mischung während einer Zeitspanne von vier Stunden bei der letzten Temperatur gehalten werden.
- Der Grund für die variierenden Aufheizgeschwindigkeiten besteht darin, daß ein langsames Erwärmen bei intermediären Temperaturen notwendig ist, da während der Thermolyse der Grünkörper H&sub2;, CH&sub4; und andere flüchtige Substanzen hauptsächlich zwischen 300ºC und 800ºC durch die vorübergehend offenen Poren verdampfen.
- Die Stufe (ii) wird vorzugsweise in einer inerten Atmosphäre aus Stickstoff oder einer Mischung derselben durchgeführt.
- Das Ergebnis der Stufe (ii) sind keramische Teilchen, in denen die Kristallitgröße in der Größenordnung von 10 bis 500 nm liegen kann, und mit denen die Schleifteilchen innig vermischt sind. Solche keramischen Teilchen sind üblicherweise dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine hohe spezifische Oberfläche und gleichzeitig eine große Aktivität aufweisen.
- In der Stufe (iii) des Verfahrens der Erfindung wird die pyrolysierte Mischung zu einem kohärenten Schleifkörper gesintert.
- Das Sintern der Mischung kann verursachen, daß Oberflächenverunreinigungen auf den Schleifteilchen entfernt werden, wodurch deren Neigung erhöht wird, sich mit Reaktionsstellen in oder auf den keramischen Teilchen zu verbinden.
- Das Sintern der Keramik/Schleifteilchen-Mischung erfolgt im allgemeinen bei einer Temperatur zwischen 1000 ºC und einschließlich 1400ºC. Eine Temperatur zwischen 1000ºC und einschließlich 1100ºC wird verwendet, wenn die Schleifteilchen in der Mischung Diamant sind. Eine Temperatur zwischen 1000 ºC und einschließlich 1400 ºC wird verwendet, wenn die Schleifteilchen in der Mischung CBN sind.
- Die verwendete Temperatur bestimmt die Zusammensetzung des fertigen, gesinterten Schleifkörpers. Am unteren Ende der Sintertemperaturskala wird eine amorphe Matrix gebildet, während am oberen Ende der Skala eine kristallisierte Matrix gebildet wird.
- Um die Dichte des Schleifkörpers zu erhöhen, kann das Sintern unter Druck durchgeführt werden. Der Druck übersteigt im allgemeinen 20 kbar nicht. Der bevorzugte Druckbereich ist 10 bar bis 10 kbar. Die Tatsache, daß ein Sintern bei einem relativ niedrigen Druck oder sogar ein druckloses Sintern verwendet werden kann, ergibt einen Vorteil gegenüber Verfahren des Standes der Technik. Wenn ein Druck angelegt wird, kann der Gehalt der Schleifteilchen nach dem Anlegen desselben in dem unter Druck gesinterten Körper bis zu 90 Vol.-% betragen.
- Ein bevorzugtes metallorganisches Polymer, das in dem Verfahren der Erfindung verwendet wird, ist polymerisiertes Polyorganosilazan, wie NCP200 (ein Produkt von Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft), welches in eine amorphe, keramische Siliciumcarbonitrid-Matrix überführt werden kann.
- Die Erfindung wird durch das folgende Beispiel erläutert.
- In diesem Beispiel werden Polyorganosilazane in amorphe, keramische Siliciumcarbonitrid-Matrices überführt. Diese keramische Matrix wird durch ein Polymer-in-Keramik-Umwandlungsverfahren hergestellt, das als Hybrid-Verarbeitung bezeichnet wird.
- Im ersten Schritt werden drei verschiedene Wege untersucht, um eine Mischung bereitzustellen, die Polysilazan- und Diamant- oder CBN-Schleifteilchen umfaßt.
- (a) Mit CBN oder Diamant dotiertes Polysilazan NCP 200 wird in der Kugelmühle gemahlen. Nach der Polymerisation (auch Vernetzung genannt) war ein zusätzliches Mahlen mit der Kugelmühle notwendig, um ein feines Kompositpulver herzustellen.
- (b) Polysilazan NCP 200 und eine Masse von Schleifteilchen werden gleichzeitig vermischt und polymerisiert. Da NCP 200 während der Polymerisation flüssig wird und schäumt, sind die Schleifteilchen nach der Polymerisation homogen in dem Polymer verteilt. Durch anschließendes Mahlen mit der Kugelmühle werden Pulver erzeugt.
- (c) Die Mischungen von polymerisiertem NCP 200/Schleifteilchen werden in der Kugelmühle gemahlen.
- Impfungsteilchen, wie Si&sub3;N&sub4; oder SiC, können während des Vermischungsschritts zugegeben werden.
- Die sich ergebenden Pulver wurden durch ein 32 von Sieb gesiebt und isostatisch bei 630 MPa kaltgepreßt, um zylindrische Grünkörper zu erhalten.
- Anschließend führte man mit den Grünkörpern eine Wärmebehandlung unter Ar durch. Der Erwärmungszeitplan der Pyrolysestufe wurde in bezug auf die gesamte Verarbeitungszeit optimiert, indem man eine hohe Aufheizgeschwindigkeit von 10ºC/min bis 300ºC, eine verlangsamte Aufheizgeschwindigkeit von 10ºC/h bis 20ºC/h zwischen 300ºC und 800ºC und eine beschleunigte Aufheizgeschwindigkeit von 10 W/min bis zu 1000ºC verwendete. Die Grünkörper wurden auf isotherme Weise vier Stunden bei der abschließenden Temperatur gehalten. Das langsame Aufheizen bei intermediären Temperaturen war notwendig, da während der Thermolyse der Grünkörper H&sub2; und CH&sub4; hauptsächlich zwischen 300ºC und 800 ºC durch die vorübergehend offenen Poren verdampfen.
- Danach führte man mit den Körpern zusätzliche Wärmebehandlungen zwischen 1100ºC und 1400ºC durch, um die keramische Matrix zu kristallisieren und zu sintern. Wiederum wurde eine Temperatur zwischen 1000 ºC und 1100ºC verwendet, wenn die Schleifteilchen in der Mischung Diamant waren, und eine Temperatur zwischen 1000 ºC und 1400ºC verwendet, wenn die Schleifteilchen GBN waren.
- Da sich von Siliciumcarbonitrid ableitendes, reines Polysilazan bei Temperaturen von mehr als 1400 Y kristallisiert, wurde die Herabsetzung des Beginns der Kristallisation in Gegenwart von Impfungsteilchen, wie Si&sub3;N&sub4; oder SiC, untersucht. Somit wurden zwei unterschiedliche keramische Komposite gebildet: Diamant oder CBN, die in einer amorphen Si-C-N-Matrix eingebettet sind, oder Diamant oder CBN, die in einer polykristallinen Si&sub3;N&sub4;/SiC-Matrix eingebettet sind.
Claims (16)
1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schleifkörpers, das die
Stufen:
(i) der Bereitstellung einer Mischung, umfassend ein
metallorganisches Polymer, welches unter Bildung
keramischer Teilchen pyrolysiert werden kann, und
eine Masse von Schleifteilchen durch
(a) Mahlen einer metallorganischen Vorstufe
des Polymers mit der Masse der
Schleifteilchen, Polymerisation der Vorstufe und
anschließendes Mahlen der Mischung; oder
(b) gleichzeitiges Mischen und Polymerisieren
einer metallorganischen Vorstufe des
Polymers und der Masse der Schleifteilchen,
und anschließendes Mahlen der Mischung;
oder
(c) Mahlen des Polymers mit der Masse der
Schleifteilchen;
(ii) des Erwärmens der Mischung, um eine Pyrolyse des
Polymers zu verursachen; und
(iii) des Sinterns der pyrolysierten Mischung zu einem
kohärenten Schleifkörper
umfaßt.
2. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, worin im Schritt (i) die
Konzentration der Schleifteilchen in der Mischung
derartig ist, daß ihre Konzentration in dem fertigen
Schleifkörper im Bereich von 30% bis einschließlich
90 Vol.-% liegt.
3. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 2, worin im Schritt (i) die
Konzentration der Schleifteilchen in der Mischung
derartig ist, daß ihre Konzentration in dem fertigen,
kohärenten Schleifkörper im Bereich von 50% bis
einschließlich 80 Vol.-% liegt.
4. Verfahren gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, worin
das Verfahren zwischen dem Schritt (i) und dem Schritt
(ii) einen Schritt des Pressens der Mischung des Schritts
(i) einschließt, um einen Grünkörper für Schritt (ii) zu
bilden.
5. Verfahren gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, worin
im Schritt (ii) die Mischung auf eine Temperatur im
Bereich von 300ºC bis einschließlich 1000ºC erwärmt
wird, um eine Pyrolyse des Polymers zu verursachen.
6. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 5, worin im Schritt (ii) das
Erwärmen in drei Schritten durchgeführt wird:
(ii)(a) schnelles Erwärmen der Mischung, bis die
Temperatur etwa 300ºC erreicht;
(ii)(b) dann langsames Erwärmen der Mischung, wenn die
Temperatur zwischen etwa 300ºC und etwa 800ºC
liegt;
(ii)(c) dann schnelles Erwärmen der Mischung, bis die
Temperatur etwa 1000ºC erreicht.
7. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 5 oder Anspruch 6, worin im
Schritt (ii) die Mischung bei der endgültigen Temperatur
während einer Zeitspanne gehalten wird, um die Pyrolyse
des Polymers zu gewährleisten.
8. Verfahren gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, worin
im Schritt (iii) die pyrolysierte Mischung bei einer
Temperatur von 1000ºC bis einschließlich 1400ºC
gesintert wird.
9. Verfahren gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, worin
im Schritt (iii) das Sintern unter Druck durchgeführt
wird.
10. Verfahren gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, worin
die Schleifteilchen aus der aus Diamant und kubischem
Bornitrid und deren Mischungen bestehenden Gruppe
ausgewählt ist.
11. Verfahren gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, worin
die hergestellte Keramik aus der aus Siliciumcarbid,
Siliciumnitrid, Siliciumcarbonitrid, Bornitrid,
Borcarbid, Aluminiumnitrid, Wolframcarbid, Titancarbid,
Titannitrid und Carbiden, Nitriden und Boriden von
Übergangsmetallen bestehenden Gruppe ausgewählt ist.
12. Verfahren gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, worin
das metallorganische Polymer ein polymerisiertes
Polyorganosilazan ist.
13. Verbund-Schleifkörper, umfassend eine Masse von
Schleifteilchen, die in einer keramischen Matrix dispergiert
sind, wobei der Körper dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß
die Schleifteilchen 50 bis einschließlich 80 Vol.-% des
Verbund-Schleifkörpers umfassen, die Schleifteilchen an
die keramische Matrix gebunden sind, welche eine
kontinuierliche Phase in dem Verbund-Schleifkörper bildet, und
die keramische Matrix durch die Pyrolyse und das
anschließende Sintern einer Mischung gebildet wird, die ein
metallorganisches Polymer, das befähigt ist, unter
Bildung von keramischen Teilchen pyrolysiert zu werden, und
die Masse der Schleifteilchen umfaßt, wobei die Mischung
durch
(a) Mahlen einer metallorganischen Vorstufe des
Polymers mit der Masse der Schleifteilchen,
Polymerisation der Vorstufe und anschließendes Mahlen der
Mischung; oder
(b) gleichzeitiges Mischen und Polymerisieren einer
metallorganischen Vorstufe des Polymers und der
Masse der Schleifteilchen, und anschließendes
Mahlen der Mischung; oder
(c) Mahlen des Polymers mit der Masse der
Schleifteilchen;
bereitgestellt wird.
14. Verbund-Schleifkörper gemäß Anspruch 13, worin die
Schleifteilchen aus der aus Diamant und kubischem
Bornitrid und Mischungen bestehenden Gruppe ausgewählt sind.
15. Verbund-Schleifkörper gemäß Anspruch 13 oder Anspruch 14,
worin die keramische Matrix aus der aus Siliciumcarbid,
Siliciumnitrid, Siliciumcarbonitrid, Bornitrid,
Borcarbid, Aluminiumnitrid, Wolframcarbid, Titancarbid,
Titannitrid und Carbiden, Nitriden und Boriden von
Übergangsmetallen bestehenden Gruppe ausgewählt ist.
16. Verbund-Schleifkörper gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 13
bis 15, worin das metallorganische Polymer ein
polymerisiertes Polyorganosilazan ist.
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DE3909978A1 (de) * | 1989-03-25 | 1990-09-27 | Hoechst Ag | Sinterfaehiges keramikpulver, verfahren zu seiner herstellung, daraus hergestellte siliziumnitridkeramik, verfahren zu deren herstellung sowie deren verwendung |
US5076815A (en) * | 1989-07-07 | 1991-12-31 | Lonza Ltd. | Process for producing sintered material based on aluminum oxide and titanium oxide |
US5332701A (en) * | 1990-12-14 | 1994-07-26 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Ceramic synthesis by pyrolysis of metal-containing polymer and metal |
US5178644A (en) * | 1992-01-23 | 1993-01-12 | Cincinnati Milacron Inc. | Method for making vitreous bonded abrasive article and article made by the method |
EP0641460A1 (de) * | 1992-05-21 | 1995-03-08 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Metallorganische monomere und polymere mit verbesserter haftung |
ZA935524B (en) * | 1992-08-05 | 1994-02-24 | De Beers Ind Diamond | Abrasive product |
US5433261A (en) * | 1993-04-30 | 1995-07-18 | Lanxide Technology Company, Lp | Methods for fabricating shapes by use of organometallic, ceramic precursor binders |
-
1995
- 1995-08-01 ZA ZA956408A patent/ZA956408B/xx unknown
- 1995-08-16 CA CA002156347A patent/CA2156347C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-08-16 EP EP95305700A patent/EP0698447B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-08-16 KR KR1019950025110A patent/KR960007507A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-08-16 DE DE69519408T patent/DE69519408T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-08-16 JP JP20890895A patent/JP3595036B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-08-17 US US08/516,432 patent/US5649984A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2156347A1 (en) | 1996-02-18 |
ZA956408B (en) | 1996-03-11 |
EP0698447B1 (de) | 2000-11-15 |
EP0698447A2 (de) | 1996-02-28 |
DE69519408D1 (de) | 2000-12-21 |
KR960007507A (ko) | 1996-03-22 |
JPH08174427A (ja) | 1996-07-09 |
JP3595036B2 (ja) | 2004-12-02 |
CA2156347C (en) | 2004-01-06 |
US5649984A (en) | 1997-07-22 |
EP0698447A3 (de) | 1996-08-14 |
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