DE69015445D1 - Aminmodifizierte Polyimidmembranen. - Google Patents
Aminmodifizierte Polyimidmembranen.Info
- Publication number
- DE69015445D1 DE69015445D1 DE69015445T DE69015445T DE69015445D1 DE 69015445 D1 DE69015445 D1 DE 69015445D1 DE 69015445 T DE69015445 T DE 69015445T DE 69015445 T DE69015445 T DE 69015445T DE 69015445 D1 DE69015445 D1 DE 69015445D1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- modified polyimide
- amine modified
- polyimide membranes
- membranes
- amine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 title 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 title 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 title 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
- B01D67/0093—Chemical modification
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/58—Other polymers having nitrogen in the main chain, with or without oxygen or carbon only
- B01D71/62—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain
- B01D71/64—Polyimides; Polyamide-imides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- B01D71/643—Polyether-imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1046—Polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1067—Wholly aromatic polyimides, i.e. having both tetracarboxylic and diamino moieties aromatically bound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1085—Polyimides with diamino moieties or tetracarboxylic segments containing heterocyclic moieties
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/360,042 US4981497A (en) | 1989-06-01 | 1989-06-01 | Amine-modified polyimide membranes |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE69015445D1 true DE69015445D1 (de) | 1995-02-09 |
DE69015445T2 DE69015445T2 (de) | 1995-05-24 |
Family
ID=23416356
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE69015445T Expired - Fee Related DE69015445T2 (de) | 1989-06-01 | 1990-05-31 | Aminmodifizierte Polyimidmembranen. |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4981497A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0401005B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2888606B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2017831A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69015445T2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (63)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2650755B1 (fr) * | 1989-08-14 | 1991-10-31 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Membrane de separation de gaz |
US5061298A (en) * | 1990-06-13 | 1991-10-29 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Gas separating membranes formed from blends of polyimide polymers |
US5178650A (en) * | 1990-11-30 | 1993-01-12 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Polyimide gas separation membranes and process of using same |
US5232471A (en) * | 1992-05-13 | 1993-08-03 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Membranes formed from nitrated polyarylates |
US5248319A (en) * | 1992-09-02 | 1993-09-28 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Gas separation membranes made from blends of aromatic polyamide, polymide or polyamide-imide polymers |
US5266100A (en) * | 1992-09-02 | 1993-11-30 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Alkyl substituted polyimide, polyamide and polyamide-imide gas separation membranes |
FR2710549B1 (fr) * | 1993-09-27 | 1996-06-21 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Membranes asymétriques de haute sélectivité pour la séparation des gaz et un procédé pour leur fabrication. |
US5334697A (en) * | 1993-10-04 | 1994-08-02 | L'air Liquide, S.A. | Polyimide gas separation membranes |
KR0126792B1 (ko) * | 1994-04-11 | 1998-04-01 | 김광호 | 폴리이미드(Polyimide) 표면 처리방법 |
US5690870A (en) * | 1994-10-26 | 1997-11-25 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Method of manufacturing a polyimide-type gas permeation membrane including fluorine |
US5750633A (en) * | 1994-10-26 | 1998-05-12 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Dope for cast formation and method of manufacturing the same |
JP2828001B2 (ja) * | 1995-01-11 | 1998-11-25 | 財団法人韓國化學研究所 | 水/有機溶媒分離または気体分離用の非対称中空繊維膜とその製造方法 |
US5725633A (en) * | 1995-06-30 | 1998-03-10 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Sulfonated polyimide gas separation membranes |
KR0184379B1 (ko) * | 1996-11-08 | 1999-04-15 | 박원훈 | 2,2'-비스(트리플루오로메틸) 비페닐 단위를 함유한 폴리아미드 고분자로부터 제조된 분리막 및 이를 이용한 기체 혼합물의 분리 방법 |
US5928410A (en) * | 1997-12-09 | 1999-07-27 | Texaco Inc. | Supported gas separation membrane, process for its manufacture and use of the membrane in the separation of gases |
JP3361755B2 (ja) | 1998-08-17 | 2003-01-07 | 財団法人石油産業活性化センター | 炭化水素の選択的分離方法 |
KR100351628B1 (ko) * | 2000-08-25 | 2002-09-11 | 한국화학연구원 | 신규 폴리이미드와 이를 이용한 기체 분리막 |
US6383258B1 (en) * | 2000-12-19 | 2002-05-07 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Copolyimide gas separation membranes |
DE10111664B8 (de) * | 2001-03-09 | 2008-12-18 | Gkss-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht Gmbh | Verwendung einer asymmetrisch funktionalisierten Polyimid-Membran |
DE10111666B4 (de) * | 2001-03-09 | 2007-03-15 | Gkss-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht Gmbh | Polyimid-Formkörper, insbesondere Polyimid-Membranen, Verfahren zu dessen bzw. deren Herstellung und die Verwendung der Polyimid-Membran |
DE10111665A1 (de) * | 2001-03-09 | 2002-09-19 | Geesthacht Gkss Forschung | Funktionalisierte Polyimid-Formkörper und funktionalisierte Polyimid-Membran |
DE10111663B4 (de) * | 2001-03-09 | 2005-07-21 | Gkss-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von funktionalisierten Polyimid-Polymeren und deren Verwendung zur Herstellung von Membranen |
US7011694B1 (en) * | 2001-05-14 | 2006-03-14 | University Of Kentucky Research Foundation | CO2-selective membranes containing amino groups |
SG108269A1 (en) | 2001-08-15 | 2005-01-28 | Inst Materials Research & Eng | Chemical modification of polyimides |
DE10148132B4 (de) * | 2001-09-28 | 2006-07-13 | Gkss-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht Gmbh | Verwendung einer ionenleitenden Membran auf Basis eines aromatischen Polyimid- oder Copolyimid-Polymers |
US7169885B2 (en) * | 2003-03-13 | 2007-01-30 | National University Of Singapore | Polyimide membranes |
WO2006009520A1 (en) * | 2004-07-20 | 2006-01-26 | National University Of Singapore | Polyimide membranes |
US7339009B2 (en) * | 2004-12-16 | 2008-03-04 | General Electric Company | Cross-linked polyimide and method of making them |
US20060249018A1 (en) * | 2005-05-04 | 2006-11-09 | Hua Wang | Nucleophilic modifier functionalized and/or crosslinked solvent-resistant polymide and copolymer membranes |
GB2437519B (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2010-04-21 | Imp Innovations Ltd | Method for separation |
JP4838352B2 (ja) * | 2006-05-12 | 2011-12-14 | ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ エルエルシー | 改質膜 |
CN101489655A (zh) * | 2006-07-14 | 2009-07-22 | 威斯康星旧生研究基金会 | 捕获病毒用吸附膜 |
GB0709228D0 (en) | 2007-05-14 | 2007-06-20 | Katholieke Universltelt Leuven | Cross-linked polyimide membranes |
US7815987B2 (en) * | 2008-12-04 | 2010-10-19 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Polyamide membrane with coating of polyalkylene oxide and polyacrylamide compounds |
WO2010111755A2 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2010-10-07 | Katholieke Universiteit Leuven - K.U.Leuven R & D | Improved method for making cross-linked polyimide membranes |
GB0909967D0 (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2009-07-22 | Membrane Extraction Tech Ltd | Polyimide membrane |
US9475009B2 (en) * | 2009-12-15 | 2016-10-25 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Filtration method using polyimide nanoweb with amidized surface and apparatus therefor |
CN102791365B (zh) * | 2010-03-10 | 2014-12-24 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 具有包含聚环氧烷和苯乙酮化合物的涂层的聚酰胺膜 |
US8640886B2 (en) | 2010-04-26 | 2014-02-04 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Composite membrane including coating of polyalkylene oxide and triazine compounds |
WO2011149571A1 (en) | 2010-05-24 | 2011-12-01 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Polyamide membrane with coating comprising polyalkylene oxide and biguanide compounds |
WO2011149573A1 (en) | 2010-05-24 | 2011-12-01 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Polyamide membrane with coating comprising polyalkylene oxide and oxy- substituted phenyl compounds |
WO2011149572A1 (en) | 2010-05-24 | 2011-12-01 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Polyamide membrane with coating comprising polyalkylene oxide and imidazol compounds |
US8518525B2 (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2013-08-27 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Polyimide nanoweb with amidized surface and method for preparing |
US20120148896A1 (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2012-06-14 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Multi-layer article of polyimide nanoweb with amidized surface |
DE102011079778A1 (de) | 2011-07-26 | 2013-01-31 | Universität Duisburg-Essen | Membran umfassend mindestens ein photochemisch vernetztes Polyimid |
US8722187B2 (en) | 2011-10-31 | 2014-05-13 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Solventless process for the preparation of amine functional polyetherimide resins with improved melt flow |
US8791227B1 (en) | 2012-04-20 | 2014-07-29 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Crosslinked aromatic polyimides and methods of making the same |
US8962890B1 (en) | 2012-04-20 | 2015-02-24 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Multifunctional crosslinkers for shape-memory polyimides, polyamides and poly(amide-imides) and methods of making the same |
US9085661B1 (en) | 2012-10-26 | 2015-07-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Photomechanically active copolyimides derived from an azobenzenediamine, a rigid dianhydride, and a flexible dianhydride |
JP6230308B2 (ja) | 2013-07-16 | 2017-11-15 | ソマール株式会社 | 透明ポリイミド共重合体、ポリイミド樹脂組成物及び成形体、並びにこの共重合体の製造方法 |
US20150183175A1 (en) | 2013-12-26 | 2015-07-02 | American Air Liquide, Inc. | Membranes made from 6fda, detda, and daba-based polymers |
WO2015100161A1 (en) | 2013-12-26 | 2015-07-02 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et Exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Carbon molecular sieve membranes made from 6fda and detda-based precursor polymers |
US9139696B1 (en) | 2014-03-28 | 2015-09-22 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Aromatic diamines containing three ether-linked-benzonitrile moieties, polymers thereof, and methods of making the same |
US9644071B1 (en) | 2014-09-05 | 2017-05-09 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Bis(azobenzene) diamines and photomechanical polymers made therefrom |
US10239254B1 (en) | 2015-08-07 | 2019-03-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Method of fabricating shape memory films |
US10294255B1 (en) | 2015-08-07 | 2019-05-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Multifunctional crosslinking agent, crosslinked polymer, and method of making same |
JPWO2017179393A1 (ja) * | 2016-04-14 | 2019-01-31 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | ガス分離膜、ガス分離モジュール、ガス分離装置、ガス分離方法、ガス分離膜用組成物及びガス分離膜の製造方法 |
JPWO2017179396A1 (ja) * | 2016-04-14 | 2019-02-28 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | ガス分離膜、ガス分離モジュール、ガス分離装置、ガス分離方法、ガス分離膜用組成物及びガス分離膜の製造方法 |
JP7017436B2 (ja) * | 2017-10-31 | 2022-02-08 | 東京応化工業株式会社 | 表面処理方法、表面処理液、及び表面処理された物品 |
JP7116889B2 (ja) * | 2018-08-20 | 2022-08-12 | 東洋紡株式会社 | 耐熱高分子フィルム、表面処理された耐熱高分子フィルムの製造方法、及び、耐熱高分子フィルムロール |
TWI670295B (zh) * | 2018-08-20 | 2019-09-01 | 財團法人紡織產業綜合研究所 | 聚醯胺醯亞胺及其製備方法 |
CN114618317B (zh) * | 2020-12-10 | 2024-03-19 | 财团法人纺织产业综合研究所 | 抗结垢过滤膜及其制备方法 |
US12234374B2 (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2025-02-25 | Dupont Electronics, Inc. | Polymer compositions and coating solutions |
Family Cites Families (38)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3533997A (en) * | 1969-05-28 | 1970-10-13 | Du Pont | Crosslinkable polyamide-acids and polyimides and crosslinked polymeric products made therefrom |
JPS5825690B2 (ja) * | 1972-07-20 | 1983-05-28 | イ− アイ デユポン デ ニモアス アンド カンパニ− | ヒタイシヨウセイポリイミドマクトソノセイホウ |
FR2193634A1 (en) * | 1972-07-20 | 1974-02-22 | Du Pont | Polyimide semi-permeable membranes |
US3822202A (en) * | 1972-07-20 | 1974-07-02 | Du Pont | Heat treatment of membranes of selected polyimides,polyesters and polyamides |
US4113268A (en) * | 1977-03-15 | 1978-09-12 | Posi-Seal International, Inc. | Extended temperature range valve seal |
JPS5715819A (en) * | 1980-07-01 | 1982-01-27 | Ube Ind Ltd | Gas separating material |
DE3124270A1 (de) * | 1981-06-19 | 1983-01-20 | Blaupunkt-Werke Gmbh, 3200 Hildesheim | Kleinkassettengeraet |
GB2101137B (en) * | 1981-04-14 | 1984-09-26 | Ube Industries | Producing porous aromatic imide polymer membranes |
JPS57194008A (en) * | 1981-05-26 | 1982-11-29 | Nitto Electric Ind Co Ltd | Production of composite semipermeable membrane |
JPS57209608A (en) * | 1981-06-22 | 1982-12-23 | Ube Ind Ltd | Preparation of composite polyimide separation film |
GB2104832B (en) * | 1981-07-01 | 1985-01-23 | Ube Industries | Mofifying porous polymeric membrane |
US4663050A (en) * | 1982-01-18 | 1987-05-05 | Standard Oil Company | Semipermeable membranes prepared from polymers containing adjacent, pendent carboxy groups |
EP0113574B1 (de) * | 1982-12-21 | 1989-03-01 | Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited | Membran zur selektiven Gastrennung und Verfahren zur Herstellung der Membran |
US4654055A (en) * | 1983-06-30 | 1987-03-31 | Monsanto Company | Asymmetric gas separation membranes |
US4468501A (en) * | 1983-06-30 | 1984-08-28 | Monsanto Company | Cross-linked polyphenylene oxide |
US4652283A (en) * | 1983-06-30 | 1987-03-24 | Monsanto Company | Polyphenylene oxide membrane having chemically bonded coating |
US4530703A (en) * | 1983-06-30 | 1985-07-23 | Monsanto Company | Cross-linked polyarylene oxide membranes |
US4468503A (en) * | 1983-06-30 | 1984-08-28 | Monsanto Company | Amino ketone cross-linked polyphenylene oxide |
US4701186A (en) * | 1983-06-30 | 1987-10-20 | Monsanto Company | Polymeric membranes with ammonium salts |
US4468502A (en) * | 1983-06-30 | 1984-08-28 | Monsanto Company | Cross-linked polyphenylene oxide |
US4468500A (en) * | 1983-06-30 | 1984-08-28 | Monsanto Company | Amino ketone cross-linked polyphenylene oxide |
JPS6115706A (ja) * | 1984-07-02 | 1986-01-23 | Nitto Electric Ind Co Ltd | 複合半透膜の製造方法 |
JPS61133118A (ja) * | 1984-11-30 | 1986-06-20 | Ube Ind Ltd | ガス分離ポリイミド膜 |
US4775474A (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1988-10-04 | The Dow Chemical Company | Membranes containing microporous structure |
JPS61153105A (ja) * | 1984-12-25 | 1986-07-11 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | ガス選択透過性複合膜の製造方法 |
FR2578258B1 (fr) * | 1985-03-01 | 1987-03-20 | Elf Aquitaine | Procede de modification des proprietes d'un materiau polymere choisi parmi les polyimides et les polyamide-imides |
US4824916A (en) * | 1985-03-15 | 1989-04-25 | The Dow Chemical Company | Water-insoluble, crosslinked, sulfonated aromatic polyamide |
GB8512683D0 (en) * | 1985-05-20 | 1985-06-26 | Ici Plc | Polyamides |
US4761234A (en) * | 1985-08-05 | 1988-08-02 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Interfacially synthesized reverse osmosis membrane |
US4695592A (en) * | 1986-01-07 | 1987-09-22 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. | Hydrophilized porous membrane and production process thereof |
US4705540A (en) * | 1986-04-17 | 1987-11-10 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Polyimide gas separation membranes |
GB8610469D0 (en) * | 1986-04-29 | 1986-09-17 | Ici Plc | Cross-linked polymers |
US4746474A (en) * | 1986-10-10 | 1988-05-24 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Ultrathin polyimide polymers films and their preparation |
US4717393A (en) * | 1986-10-27 | 1988-01-05 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Polyimide gas separation membranes |
US4717394A (en) * | 1986-10-27 | 1988-01-05 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Polyimide gas separation membranes |
GB2198739B (en) * | 1986-12-03 | 1990-06-20 | Domnick Hunter Filters Ltd | Microporous membrane |
US4812238A (en) * | 1987-01-15 | 1989-03-14 | The Dow Chemical Company | Membranes prepared via reaction of diazonium compounds or precursors |
US4764320A (en) * | 1987-06-12 | 1988-08-16 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method for preparing semipermeable membrane compositions |
-
1989
- 1989-06-01 US US07/360,042 patent/US4981497A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-05-30 CA CA002017831A patent/CA2017831A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-05-31 DE DE69015445T patent/DE69015445T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-05-31 JP JP2140116A patent/JP2888606B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-31 EP EP90305901A patent/EP0401005B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH0321336A (ja) | 1991-01-30 |
CA2017831A1 (en) | 1990-12-01 |
EP0401005B1 (de) | 1994-12-28 |
DE69015445T2 (de) | 1995-05-24 |
JP2888606B2 (ja) | 1999-05-10 |
US4981497A (en) | 1991-01-01 |
EP0401005A1 (de) | 1990-12-05 |
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