CN1561201A - 包含胶态二氧化硅的药物组合物 - Google Patents
包含胶态二氧化硅的药物组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1561201A CN1561201A CNA028190459A CN02819045A CN1561201A CN 1561201 A CN1561201 A CN 1561201A CN A028190459 A CNA028190459 A CN A028190459A CN 02819045 A CN02819045 A CN 02819045A CN 1561201 A CN1561201 A CN 1561201A
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- tablet
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- rapamycin
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- macrolide
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Abstract
本发明涉及包含大环内酯固体分散体、崩解剂和胶态二氧化硅的药物组合物,其中组合物包含以重量计1%至5%的胶态二氧化硅。
Description
本发明涉及新的口服药物组合物,其包含处于固体分散体中的大环内酯,例如雷帕霉素或其衍生物或子囊霉素。
在此所用的术语“大环内酯”是指大环的内酯,例如具有12元或更大内酯环的化合物。特别关注的是“内酰胺大环内酯”,即在大环中除内酯(酯)键外还具有内酰胺(酰胺)键的大环化合物,例如由链霉菌(Streptomyces)属微生物产生的内酰胺大环内酯如雷帕霉素、子囊霉素和FK-506,以及它们的众多衍生物和类似物。这种内酰胺大环内酯已显示具有引人注目的药学特性,特别是免疫抑制和抗炎特性。
雷帕霉素是由
吸水链霉菌(Streptomyces hygroscopicus)产生的免疫抑制内酰胺大环内酯。雷帕霉素的结构在Kesseler,H.等人,1993,
Helv. Chim.Acta,
76:117中给出。参见例如McAlpine,J.B.等人,J.Antibiotics(1991)
44:688;Schreiber,S.L.等人,J.Am.Chem.Soc.(1991)113:7433;美国专利No.3929992。雷帕霉素是一种极其强效的免疫抑制剂且也已显示具有抗肿瘤和抗真菌活性。但是,其非常低的和变化不定的生物利用度限制了它作为药物的使用。此外,雷帕霉素在水性介质例如水中高度不溶,使其难以配制成盖伦组合物。已知有众多雷帕霉素的衍生物。WO 94/02136中公开了某些16-O-取代的雷帕霉素衍生物,其内容在此引入作为参考。40-O-取代的雷帕霉素衍生物在例如以下专利中述及:US5258389和WO 94/09010(O-芳基和O-烷基雷帕霉素衍生物)、WO92/05179(羧酸酯类)、US 5118677(酰胺酯类)、US 5118678(氨基甲酸酯类)、US 5100883(氟化酯类)、US 5151413(缩醛类)、US 5120842(甲硅烷基醚类)、WO 93/11130(亚甲基雷帕霉素和衍生物)、WO 94/02136(甲氧基衍生物)、WO 94/02385和WO 95/14023(链烯基衍生物),所有这些专利均在此引入作为参考。例如在此引入作为参考的US 5256790描述了32-O-二氢或取代的雷帕霉素衍生物。
PCT申请EP 96/02441中描述了其它雷帕霉素衍生物,例如在实施例1中描述了32-脱氧雷帕霉素,在实施例2和3中描述了16-戊-2-炔基氧基-32(S)-二氢雷帕霉素。PCT申请EP 96/02441的内容在此引入作为参考。
雷帕霉素及其结构上相关的衍生物总称为“雷帕霉素和雷帕霉素衍生物”。
子囊霉素类组成了另一类内酰胺大环内酯,其中许多具有强效免疫抑制和抗炎活性,其中最有名的成员是FK-506和子囊霉素。FK-506是由tsukubaensis链霉菌9993号产生的内酰胺大环内酯免疫抑制剂。FK-506的结构在默克索引第11版(1989)的附录A5项中给出。子囊霉素在例如美国专利3,244,592中述及。已合成了许多子囊霉素和FK-506的衍生物,包括卤代衍生物如EP 427680中所述的33-表-氯-33-脱氧子囊霉素。子囊霉素、FK-506和它们的结构相似的类似物和衍生物总称为“子囊霉素和子囊霉素衍生物”。
固体雷帕霉素或雷帕霉素衍生物当口服施用于人时不能以任何显著的程度吸收入血流中。其内容在此引入作为参考的PCT申请WO 97/03654描述了包含大环内酯例如雷帕霉素、子囊霉素或其衍生物以及载体介质的固体分散体形式的药物组合物。这些组合物提供了改进的药物物质生物利用度,便于施用并且稳定。
但是,对于某些患者群,口服施用固体片剂形式的药物是不符合要求的或者是不可行的。具体而言,儿童和老年患者可能不能方便地吞咽此类片剂。对于这些患者,通常更加需要提供可首先分散于可摄取液体中,然后再经患者消耗的片剂。
对于向儿童和老年患者施用,非常需要提供可迅速分散于可摄取液体如水中的片剂。现有技术大环内酯制剂的问题在于:由于它们未必可在水溶液中迅速分散,所以在施用于患者前制备充分分散的液体制剂可能不方便且耗费时间。配制分散片形式的大环内酯固体分散体组合物的一个特别的困难是固体分散体组合物中使用大量载体作为片剂中的粘合剂。
已知通过在片剂制备过程中使用较低的压制力可以制备崩解更加迅速的片剂。但是,这通常可导致片剂的力学性质较差。具体而言,不充分压制的片剂表现出硬度不足,且在其使用前(即在包装、运输、贮存过程中或在将片剂加入可摄取液体用于消耗前的任何时间)易于破碎、破裂或崩解。
本发明的目的是提供可改善现有技术组合物的问题的药物组合物。因此,本发明提供了包含大环内酯固体分散体、崩解剂和胶态二氧化硅的药物组合物,其中组合物包含以重量计1%至5%的胶态二氧化硅。
本发明基于这样一个令人惊讶的发现:通过使用胶态二氧化硅以促进崩解,可提供分散特别迅速的包含大环内酯固体分散体的组合物。由现有技术已知:胶态二氧化硅在药物组合物中主要作为润滑剂或流动调节剂。当用于此目的时,胶态二氧化硅通常占组合物重量的约0.5%。根据本发明,已发现当与另一种崩解剂联合时,含量为以重量计1%至5%的胶态二氧化硅在促进大环内酯固体分散体在水溶液中的崩解方面特别有效。
此外,本发明的组合物例如在贮存、装卸、包装等过程中表现出高度稳定性和物理完整性,且没有限制组合物的崩解性能。包含适宜量的胶态二氧化硅还另有益处,因为它使得组合物在被压制成片剂时具有增强的力学性质。具体而言,由本发明的组合物形成的片剂令人惊讶地同时具有水溶液中的迅速崩解性和机械稳定性。对于给定水平的硬度,包含二氧化硅可使得片剂具有更快的崩解速度。或者,对于给定的崩解速度,本发明的包含二氧化硅的片剂较不含二氧化硅的片剂更硬。
本发明的组合物包含一种或多种崩解剂。崩解剂的例子包括交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,例如市售可得的得自ISP的Crospovidone或Polyplasdone(“赋形剂手册”,143-144页);可得自Generichem的羟基乙酸淀粉钠;以及交联羧甲基纤维素钠,例如市售可得的FMC公司的Ac-di-sol。优选地,崩解剂包含交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
Crospovidone优选以重量计不超过约50%、例如10至30%、更优选含量为约20%的含量包含于发明的组合物中,所有重量均基于组合物的总重量。
除了如上定义的崩解剂外,本发明的组合物还包含以重量计1%至5%的胶态二氧化硅。胶态二氧化硅可以得自市售可得的Aerosil。本发明的组合物中所包含的胶态二氧化硅的量为组合物总重量的1%至5%、优选为组合物总重量的2%至5%。更优选地,基于组合物的总重量,组合物包含2%至4%、仍然更优选2.5%至3.5%的胶态二氧化硅。最优选地,组合物包含以重量计约3%的胶态二氧化硅。
优选地,可以使用比例为1∶1(如1∶3)至1∶50(如1∶10)的胶态二氧化硅和交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的混合物。
本发明的固体分散体中所用的大环内酯可以是雷帕霉素或其任何衍生物,例如其中雷帕霉素的环己基环上的羟基被-OR1替代的O-取代衍生物,其中R1为羟基烷基、羟基烷氧基烷基、酰基氨基烷基或氨基烷基;例如如WO 94/09010所述,例如40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素、40-O-(3-羟丙基)-雷帕霉素、40-O-[2-(2-羟基乙氧基)乙基]-雷帕霉素和40-O-(2-乙酰氨基乙基)-雷帕霉素。雷帕霉素衍生物可以是26-或28-取代的衍生物。雷帕霉素衍生物可以是上述衍生物的差向异构体,特别是40、28或26位被取代的衍生物的差向异构体,且可以任选地被进一步氢化,例如如WO 95/14023和99/15530所公开,例如ABT578,或者可以是例如WO 98/02441和WO01/14387中所公开的雷帕霉素类似物(rapalog),如AP23573。
优选用于本发明的雷帕霉素衍生物包括雷帕霉素、40-O-(2-羟基)乙基雷帕霉素、32-脱氧雷帕霉素和16-戊-2-炔基氧基-32(S)-二氢雷帕霉素。更优选的化合物是40-O-(2-羟基)乙基雷帕霉素。
在此所用的雷帕霉素衍生物的编号是指在此引入作为参考的PCTWO 96/13273第4页中式A所公开的结构。
子囊霉素类化合物的例子为以上提及的那些化合物,例如FK-506、子囊霉素和其它天然存在的化合物或其合成类似物。
优选的子囊霉素类化合物公开于EP 427680实施例66a中,也被称为为33-表-氯-33-脱氧-子囊霉素。其它优选的化合物公开于EP 465426和EP 569337(实施例71)中。特别优选的为33-表-氯-33-脱氧-子囊霉素。
大环内酯(例如雷帕霉素或其衍生物如40-O-(2-羟乙基)雷帕霉素或子囊霉素如33-表-氯-33-脱氧-子囊霉素或FK-506)在组合物中的含量优选为基于组合物总重量以重量计约0.01%至约30%、更优选0.1%至20%。具体而言,雷帕霉素衍生物例如40-O-(2-羟基)乙基雷帕霉素在组合物中的含量可为以重量计0.1%。
本发明中所用的大环内酯在配制成固体分散体之前可以是晶状或无定形形式。所以本发明的一个优势在于大环内酯无需是晶状的。由此,大环内酯可以直接例如与溶剂联合使用,无需预先分离。本发明的另一优势为固体分散体的溶出速度高于简单混合物中的晶状大环内酯或无定形大环内酯的溶出速度。
用于制备固体分散体的载体介质优选包含载体,例如水溶性聚合物,例如可以使用以下聚合物中的一种或其混合物:
-羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)。使用具有低表观粘度的HPMC可获得良好的结果,例如20℃下测得的以重量计2%的水溶液的粘度低于100cps,例如低于50cps,优选低于20cps,例如HPMC 3cps。HPMC为大家所熟知,并且在例如其内容在此引入作为参考的“药物赋形剂手册”,Pharmaecutical Society of Great Britain and AmericanPharmaceutical Association出版,1994,229至232页中述及。市售可得的HPMC、包括HPMC 3cps有Shinetsu公司的名为Pharmacoat603的产品;
-羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯(HPMCP),例如市售可得的HPMCPHP50或HPMCP HP55;
-聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP),例如PVP K30或PVP K12。PVP市售可得,例如BASF公司的Povidone(“药物赋形剂手册”,392-399页)。优选平均分子量约8,000至约50,000道尔顿的PVP,如PVP K30;
-聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯,例如耐胃液且溶于肠液的共聚物,例如由选自甲基丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸和丙烯酸酯的单体形成的共聚物,如那些已知和市售可得的Rhm Pharma Gmbh的Eudragit。特别优选的聚合物为由选自甲基丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸低级烷基酯的单体形成的1∶1或1∶2共聚物,如由甲基丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸甲酯形成的1∶1或1∶2共聚物。可获得的1∶1共聚物有EudragitL,可获得的1∶2共聚物有EudragitS。特别优选的聚合物为甲基丙烯酸和丙烯酸乙酯的1∶1共聚物,即市售的EudragitL 100-55;
-羟丙基纤维素(HPC)或其衍生物。HPC衍生物的例子包括在水性介质例如水中具有低动力学粘度的那些衍生物,例如25℃下测定的2%水溶液的粘度低于约400cps,例如低于150cps。优选的HPC衍生物具有低的取代度且平均分子量小于约200,000道尔顿,例如50,000至150,000道尔顿。市售可得的HPC的例子包括Aqualon公司的KlucelLF、KlucelEF和KlucelJF;以及可得自Nippon Soda有限公司的NissoHPC-L。
-聚乙二醇(PEG)。例子包括平均分子量为1000至9000道尔顿的PEG,例如约1800至7000道尔顿,例如PEG 2000、PEG 4000或PEG 6000(“药物赋形剂手册”,355-361页);
-饱和聚乙二醇化甘油酯,可得自例如Gelucire,例如Gattefossé公司的Gelucire44/14、53/10、50/13、42/12或35/10;或
-环糊精,例如β-环糊精或α-环糊精。适宜的β-环糊精的例子包括甲基-β-环糊精、二甲基-β-环糊精、羟丙基-β-环糊精、葡萄糖基-β-环糊精、麦芽糖基-β-环糊精、硫代-β-环糊精、β-环糊精的硫代-烷基醚,例如硫代-C1-4-烷基醚。α-环糊精的例子包括葡萄糖基-α-环糊精和麦芽糖基-α-环糊精。
固体分散体的载体介质的含量基于固体分散体的总重量为例如以重量计0.1%至99.99%、例如0.1%至99.9%、例如1%至95%、例如5%至95%、例如10%至90%。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,固体分散体组合物包含以重量计2%的雷帕霉素或其衍生物例如40-O-(2-羟基)乙基雷帕霉素,和以重量计80%的HPMC 3cps。
用于制备固体分散体的载体介质还可以包含一种或一组水溶性或水不溶性糖或其它可接受的载体或填充剂如蔗糖、乳糖、直链淀粉、右旋糖、甘露醇、肌醇等,优选乳糖;或微晶纤维素,例如市售可得的FMC公司的Avicel、Pharmacel、Emcocell和Vivapur(“药物赋形剂手册”,84-87页)。优选地,可使用乳糖。
如果存在填充剂,其含量基于固体分散体的总重量通常为以重量计不超过约50%,例如约0.01%至约50%,例如约0.5%至约40%,优选约5%至约35%,特别是约20%。
载体介质还可以包含一种或多种表面活性剂,例如非离子型、离子型或两性表面活性剂。适宜的表面活性剂的例子包括:
-聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯共聚物和嵌段共聚物,市售可得的有Pluronic或Poloxamer,例如H.Fiedler,“Lexikon der Hilfsstoffe für Pharmazie,Kosmetik und angrenzende Gebiete”,Cantor Verlag Aulendorf编辑,Aulendorf,第4次修订扩充版(1996)中所述,其内容在此引入作为参考。优选的聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物为市售可得的BASF公司的Poloxamer188;
-乙氧基化胆固醇,市售可得的有Solulan,例如Amerchol公司的SolulanC24;
-维生素衍生物,例如维生素E衍生物如可得自Eastman公司的生育酚聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯(TPGS);
-十二烷基硫酸钠或月桂基硫酸钠;
-胆汁酸或其盐,例如胆酸、乙醇酸或盐,例如胆酸钠;或
-卵磷脂,例如大豆磷脂,例如市售可得的Lipoid的LipoidS75;或卵磷脂(egg phospholipid),例如市售可得的Nattermann的Phospholipon90。
如果存在一种或多种表面活性剂,其含量通常为以重量计约0.01%至约30%,例如1%至20%,例如1%至15%,所有重量均基于固体分散体的重量。使用无表面活性剂的固体分散体,申请人已获得了良好的结果。
在另一个实施方案中,用于制备固体分散体的载体介质可包含其它添加剂或成分,例如抗氧化剂和/或稳定剂,例如其含量以重量计不超过约5%,例如以重量计约0.05%至5%,例如0.05%至1%,特别是约0.2%,所有重量均基于固体分散体组合物的总重量。抗氧化剂的例子包括丁基化羟基甲苯(BHT)、丁基羟基苯甲醚(BHA)、DL-α-生育酚、没食子酸丙酯、棕榈酸抗坏血酸酯和富马酸。优选地,可使用丁基化羟基甲苯。适宜的稳定剂可以是丙二酸。
40-O-(2-羟基)乙基雷帕霉素可特别地与稳定剂例如丁基化羟基甲苯例如以5∶1至20∶1的比例混合。
载体介质还可以包括抗微生物剂、酶抑制剂和防腐剂。
另一方面,本发明涉及制备包含大环内酯的药物组合物的方法,该方法包括制备大环内酯固体分散体和将大环内酯固体分散体与崩解剂和胶态二氧化硅混合以形成药物组合物。
在以上方法中,首先制备大环内酯固体分散体。在此所用的术语“固体分散体”是指其中大环内酯是无定形或基本上无定形形式且分散于载体介质中的配制物。例如,固体分散体可以是大环内酯与载体介质的共沉淀物或共蒸发物。固体分散体可以是适宜于进一步加工成可施用制剂的组合物。
A.在一个实施方案中,固体分散体可如下获得:将大环内酯和例如包含水溶性聚合物、填充剂和抗氧化剂的载体介质溶解或混悬于溶剂或溶剂混合物中。溶剂可以是单一溶剂或溶剂混合物,并且大环内酯与载体介质在溶剂中溶解和混悬的顺序可以改变。适宜用于制备固体分散体的溶剂可以是有机溶剂如醇,例如甲醇、乙醇或异丙醇;酯,例如乙酸乙酯;醚,例如乙醚;酮,例如丙酮;或卤代烃,例如二氯乙烷。优选地,可以使用乙醇∶丙酮的重量比为约1∶10至约10∶1、例如1∶5至5∶1的乙醇/丙酮的溶剂混合物。通常,大环内酯和载体介质与溶剂的重量比为1∶0.1至1∶20。溶剂可以被蒸发,且大环内酯与载体介质共沉淀。
B.在另一个实施方案中,固体分散体可如下制备:将载体介质熔化形成熔化物,并将熔化物与大环内酯例如经搅拌合并,任选在本文所述的溶剂或溶剂混合物存在下进行。制得的混合物可以用填充剂、例如乳糖或甘露醇制粒。
C.在另一个实施方案中,固体分散体可如下制备:将大环内酯和载体介质溶解或混悬于上述溶剂或溶剂混合物中,并将制得的溶液/混悬液用填充剂、例如乳糖制粒。
D.固体分散体可通过例如“工业制药的理论和实践”,Lachmann等人,1986中所述的喷雾干燥技术制备。将大环内酯和载体介质于上述溶剂或溶剂混合物中的溶液/混悬液通过喷嘴分散入维持在例如20至80℃的容器中,且喷雾压力为例如3bar。溶剂通过喷嘴蒸发,收集精细分散的颗粒。
E.在又一个实施方案中,通过将大环内酯和载体介质于上述溶剂或溶剂混合物中的溶液/混悬液在流化床中喷雾至填充剂例如乳糖或微晶纤维素或它们的混合物上制粒,可以制备固体分散体。
根据本发明,上述包含大环内酯的固体分散体被进一步加工成分散片形式的药物组合物。优选地,分散片的崩解时间为3分钟或更短。
在本发明的另一方面,可将如上所述的固体分散体组合物进一步加工成可填充至例如囊剂(sachet)或明胶胶囊中的迅速崩解的粉末或颗粒。
上述方法A至E中各自得到的残余物均可以过筛并粉碎成微粒,例如平均粒径小于约0.9mm、例如小于约0.8mm、例如小于约350微米的微粒。优选地,粒径至少约5微米,例如约200至300微米。
(粉碎的)固体分散体可以与胶态二氧化硅、一种或多种崩解剂如Crospovidone和其它赋形剂如填充剂、例如乳糖合并,且混合、过筛并与润滑剂例如硬脂酸镁合并、混合,并例如进行压制以获得分散片,或填充至囊剂或明胶胶囊中。
本发明的组合物还可以包括一种或多种润滑剂如硬脂酸镁。所含有的硬脂酸镁的量可为以重量计0.5%至2%,优选约0.5%,所有重量均基于组合物的总重量。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中,药物组合物还包含润滑剂和填充剂。
基于组合物的总重量,本发明的组合物包括例如以重量计约2.5%或5%的一种或多种甜味剂或矫味剂可能是有利的。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,本发明的组合物可以包括水溶性或水不溶性糖或其它可接受的填充剂如蔗糖、乳糖或微晶纤维素(例如可得自FMC公司的Avicel)。优选地,可以使用乳糖,特别是无水乳糖,例如其含量为以重量计不超过约90%,例如20%至80%,优选约50%至约72%,所有重量均基于组合物的总重量。
本发明的迅速崩解的组合物可以以任何方便的形式、例如以片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂或粉末形式、例如以囊剂形式施用。优选地,制剂为片剂形式。虽然在下文中具体通过参考片剂阐述本发明的组合物,但其它类型的剂型也可以制备,且包括在本发明的范围之内。
使用任何适宜的设备或方法可以自本发明的组合物制备片剂。通常,使用压片机压制组合物。可以压制不同量的组合物以便制备不同重量的片剂。在优选的实施方案中,每片自50至500mg的组合物压制而成。更优选地,制备重量约100mg或约250mg的片剂。
用于压制本发明组合物的压力可以改变,以改变制得的片剂的硬度和崩解时间。使用更高的压制力可导致片剂更硬,崩解时间更长。对于分散片,重要的是崩解时间应足够得短,以便片剂在消耗前可方便地分散于水溶液中。因此必须选择合适的压制力以达到所需的崩解时间。
但是,片剂具有足够的机械强度也很重要。本组合物的优势在于:对于给定的压制力,制得的片剂较现有技术的片剂在水溶液中的崩解更为迅速。即使如此,本发明的片剂仍可保持足够的硬度。使用现有配制技术,为了获得崩解时间足够短的分散片,需要使用非常低的压制力。这将导致片剂的硬度和力学性质不足。
选择压制力时将片重考虑在内也是重要的。对于较小的片剂,所要求的硬度水平较低,通常使用较小的压制力。本领域技术人员可选择合适的压制力,以便使特定大小的片剂获得所需的崩解时间。
一方面,本发明的分散片具有高孔积率,表现为在水溶液如水中迅速崩解。可在标准检查中观测迅速分散性。优选地,根据欧洲药典4.1,2435页(2002)结合欧洲药典4,191页,2.9.1(2002)中所述的分散片的标准检查法测定崩解时间。该项检查考察片剂在15至25℃下于水中的崩解时间。
分散可通过目视观察。崩解的实现可如下判断:当筛网上无残余物存留,或如有残余物,残余物由无可触知的未润湿硬芯的软块组成,或仅有包衣碎片(片剂),或仅有壳碎片(胶囊剂)残留在筛网上时,认为崩解已实现。
当按照以上检查法测定时,本发明片剂的崩解时间优选为3分钟或更短。更优选崩解时间为2分钟或更短,仍然更优选崩解时间为90秒或更短,且最优选崩解时间为30至65秒。
本发明片剂的硬度或抗碎强度可以用标准检查法测定。优选按照欧洲药典4,201页,2.9.8(2002)规定的标准检查法测定片剂的硬度。可以使用的设备如Kraemer3S片剂检测仪。该项检查测定片剂的抗碎强度,以通过挤压破坏该片剂所需的力来衡量。
本发明片剂的硬度随着片剂的重量和直径以及压制力而变化。对于直径约9mm的200至300mg的片剂、例如250mg的片剂,硬度优选为35至80N。为了达到该硬度,优选施加8至11KN的压制力。对于直径约7mm的50至150mg的片剂、例如100mg的片剂,硬度优选为25至60N,且可通过施加7至9KN的压制力达到。对于其它片重和直径,优选的硬度可以改变。
由此,本组合物的优势特性可通过自该组合物制备的片剂的硬度和崩解时间证明。因此,在一个优选的实施方案中,本发明涉及如上定义的药物组合物,其中250mg的组合物当用9mm冲模和标准平冲以8至11KN的压制力压制时,形成片剂的硬度为35至80N。优选地,使用压片机如FettePT 2080旋转压片机压制组合物。用以上提及的标准方法、例如使用Kraemer3S片剂检测仪测定硬度。更优选这样的药物组合物:250mg的组合物当用9mm冲模和标准平冲以9.5KN压制力压制时,形成片剂的硬度为40至66N。当用以上规定的检查法测定时,以此方法自组合物形成的片剂的崩解时间优选为3分钟或更短,更优选为90秒或更短。
在一个备选实施方案中,本发明涉及如上定义的药物组合物,其中100mg的组合物当用7mm冲模和标准平冲以7至9KN压制力压制时,形成的片剂的硬度为25至60N。更优选这样的药物组合物:100mg组合物当用7mm冲模和标准平冲以8.3KN压制力压制时,形成的片剂的硬度为29至53N。以此方法自组合物形成的片剂的崩解时间优选为前一段落中给出的崩解时间。
本发明的以上陈述从可自这种组合物制成的具体片剂的特性方面定义了药物组合物。但是,显然本发明绝不因此受限于具有此重量、直径或硬度的片剂,或仅限于包括使用此压制力的制备方法。如上所论述,对于不同类型的片剂这些数值可以改变。以上定义的给出是为了阐明本
药物组合 物的有优势的内在特性,其是指当它们被配制成片剂时可提供迅速的崩解时间并同时具有良好的硬度。
由上述压制方法获得的片剂的形状可以改变,且可以是例如圆形、椭圆形、长方形、圆柱形、平的或弯曲的或任何其它适宜的形状,其大小也可以根据治疗剂的浓度而改变。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,由上述压制方法获得的片剂是圆形的且是平的。片剂的边缘可以是斜的或圆的。
本发明的组合物可以以迅速崩解的组合物、例如分散片的形式施用于患者如儿童,该组合物可以与液体例如水性介质如水共同施用。在将液体加入例如勺中的制剂、例如单位剂量形式或剂量如一个片剂后,组合物即迅速崩解形成分散体,例如在不到3分钟内、优选不到90秒、更优选30至65秒内崩解,从而可方便的施用。当施用于儿童时,可在分散片剂的水性介质中加入甜味剂或其它添加剂,以掩盖任何不良味道并使分散体更为可口。
需要时,迅速崩解组合物形式的本发明的组合物优选以单位剂量形式配制,例如以分散片、胶囊剂、颗粒剂或粉末形式、优选以分散片形式配制。组合物为单位剂量形式时,每个包含雷帕霉素或其衍生物的单位剂量形式可适宜地包含0.05mg至10mg的药物物质、更优选0.1至5mg;例如0.1或0.25mg。根据具体的治疗目的、治疗阶段等,这种片剂适合于每日施用1至5次。
当本发明的组合物为包含子囊霉素的单位剂量形式、例如分散片时,每个单位剂量形式可适宜地包含1mg至50mg的药物物质、更优选10至25mg;例如10、15、20或25mg。根据具体的治疗目的、治疗阶段等,这种片剂适宜于每日施用1至5次。
本发明的组合物可以表现出如标准稳定性试验所示的良好的稳定性特性,例如具有高达一、二或三年且甚至更长的贮藏期稳定性。
用如上所述A至E的任何方法获得的微粒或颗粒均可以例如用肠溶包衣进行包衣。适宜的包衣可包含醋酸纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯;聚甲基丙烯酸聚合物,例如EudragitL、S;或羟丙基甲基纤维素琥珀酸酯。
此外,用上述压制方法获得的片剂可以着色,对片剂进行标记以赋予个性外观并使其可被立即识别。使用染料可用来改善外观以及识别组合物。适用于药学的染料通常包括类胡萝卜素、氧化铁和叶绿素。优选地,本发明的片剂用代码标记。
可使用的方法为本领域的已知方法,例如L.Lachman等人,“工业药学的理论和实践”,第3版,1986;H.Sucker等人,PharmazeutischeTechnologie,Thieme,1991;Hagers Handbuck der pharmazeutischenPraxis,第4版(Springer Verlag,1971)和“Remington’s药学科学”,第13版(Mack出版公司,1970)或后续版本中所述的那些方法。
本发明的药物组合物可用于与大环内酯、例如雷帕霉素或子囊霉素相同的适应症。包含雷帕霉素或雷帕霉素衍生物的本发明的药物组合物可特别用于:
a)治疗或预防细胞、组织或器官的同种异体或异种移植物排斥,例如心、肺、联合心肺、肝、肾、肠、胰腺、产生胰岛素的细胞、皮肤或角膜移植物。该药物组合物也适用于预防如有时出现在骨髓移植后的移植物抗宿主病;
b)治疗或预防自身免疫疾病和炎性病症,特别是病因学包括自身免疫性成分的炎性病症,如关节炎(例如,类风湿性关节炎、慢性进行性关节炎和变形性关节炎)和风湿性疾病。可使用本发明化合物的具体的自身免疫疾病包括自身免疫性血液学疾病(包括例如溶血性贫血、再生障碍性贫血、纯红细胞贫血和特发性血小板减少)、系统性红斑狼疮、多发性软骨炎、硬皮病(sclerodoma)、韦格纳肉芽肿病、皮肌炎、慢性活动性肝炎、重症肌无力、银屑病、斯-约综合征、特发性口炎性腹泻、自身免疫性炎性肠病(包括例如溃疡性结肠炎和局限性回肠病)、内分泌眼科学、格雷夫斯病、结节病、多发性硬化、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、幼年型糖尿病(I型糖尿病)、(前和后)葡萄膜炎、干燥性角膜结膜炎和春季角膜结膜炎、间质性肺纤维化、银屑病关节炎、肾小球肾炎(有和无肾病综合征,例如包括特发性肾病综合征或微小病变肾病)和幼年型皮肌炎;
c)治疗或预防哮喘;
d)治疗或预防慢性移植物排斥或再狭窄;
e)治疗癌症、高增生性皮肤病等;
f)治疗感染,例如真菌感染;
g)治疗或预防炎症,特别是加强类固醇的作用。
包含子囊霉素或子囊霉素衍生物的本发明的药物组合物特别可用于例如治疗炎性和高增生性皮肤疾病和免疫学介导的疾病的皮肤表现。更具体而言,本发明的组合物可用作抗炎剂和免疫抑制剂和抗增生剂,用于预防和治疗炎性病症和需要免疫抑制的病症,如
a)预防或治疗
-器官或组织移植排斥,例如心、肾、肝、骨髓和皮肤,
-移植物抗宿主病,如骨髓移植后的移植物抗宿主病,
-自身免疫疾病如类风湿性关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮、桥本甲状腺炎、多发性硬化、重症肌无力、I型糖尿病和葡萄膜炎,
-免疫学介导的疾病的皮肤表现;
b)治疗炎性和高增生性皮肤疾病,如银屑病、特应性皮炎、接触性皮炎以及还有湿疹性皮炎、脂溢性皮炎、扁平苔藓、天疱疮、大疱性类天疱疮、大疱性表皮松解、荨麻疹、血管性水肿、血管炎、红斑、皮肤嗜酸粒细胞增多、红斑狼疮和痤疮;和
c)局限性脱发。
另一方面,本发明提供了如上定义的组合物用于制备药物的用途,所述药物例如在治疗或预防上述疾病或障碍之一中用作免疫抑制剂。
因此,另一方面,本发明提供了治疗患有可用大环内酯治疗的障碍的对象的方法,该方法包括向需要这种治疗的对象施用治疗有效量的本发明的药物组合物。
另一方面,本发明提供了向需要这种治疗的对象施用本发明的药物组合物的方法,该方法包括(i)使组合物和水接触,和(ii)摄入制得的分散体。
本发明的分散片可在摄入前在搅拌下分散于例如20至50ml水中。
所要施用的组合物的准确量取决于几个因素,例如所需治疗持续时间和大环内酯的释放速度。
当口服施用时,本发明的组合物表现出特别有优势的特性,例如在标准生物利用度试验中获得的生物利用度的一致性和平行性方面。这些试验在动物、例如大鼠或狗或健康志愿者中进行。
药动学参数,例如吸收和血药水平(blood level),也令人惊讶地变得更可预测,且可以消除或减少施用中吸收不规律的问题。另外,组合物与表面活性物质例如胃肠道内存在的胆汁盐在一起时也有效。
在标准临床试验中、在例如可产生相同活性剂血药水平的活性剂剂量的已知适应症中,可观察到药物组合物的效用;例如在哺乳动物中、例如在儿童(例如12以下和例如至少3岁)或老年人中以及在标准动物模型中使用每天0.01mg至5mg雷帕霉素或其衍生物/kg体重、例如每天0.5至5mg/kg体重的剂量;或例如对75kg成年人和在标准动物模型中使用每天1mg至1000mg、例如2.5至1000mg、优选10至250mg的子囊霉素的剂量。在标准动物试验和临床试验中可观测到本组合物提供的药物物质的生物利用度增加。
以下描述了仅作为实施例的本发明的药物组合物。
实施例1
固体分散体的制备
制备了包含以下成分的2%固体分散体(SD)组合物:
重量(g)
重量(%)
40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素 0.04 2.0
丁基化羟基甲苯 0.004 0.2
HPMC 3cps 1.6 80.0
乳糖单水合物(200目) 0.356 17.8
总计 2.0 100
通过以下步骤制备组合物:(i)将40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素和丁基化羟基甲苯混合,(ii)将(i)中获得的混合物溶于乙醇/丙酮混合物中,(iii)加入HPMC和乳糖,(iv)将步骤(iii)中获得的混合物均匀分散,和(v)通过蒸发除去溶剂。将制得的残余物干燥、过筛并粉碎。
药物组合物的制备
制备了包含以下成分的(按以重量计的份数)药物组合物(包含上述固体分散体):
40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素SD 2% 5
Crospovidone 20
Aerosil 3
硬脂酸镁 0.5
无水乳糖 71.5
总计 100
通过以下步骤制备组合物:(i)将固体分散体(SD)、乳糖、Crospovidone和Aerosil混合,(ii)过筛(0.8mm)并混合,(iii)加入过筛(0.8mm)后的硬脂酸镁并混合。
分散片的制备
通过将步骤(iii)中获得的混合物压片获得分散片。用9mm冲模和标准平冲以10.5KN的压制力在FettePT 2080旋转压片机上压制250mg药物组合物。然后使用Kraemer 3S片剂检测仪测定压碎片剂所需的力,从而估算所制得片剂的硬度。在这些条件下制备的片剂的硬度为35至79N。该片剂的崩解时间为0.4至1.4分钟(24至84秒)。
实施例2
如上所述制备药物组合物。使用7mm冲模和标准平冲以7.5KN的压制力在FettePT 2080旋转压片机上压制100mg药物制剂以制备分散片。在这些条件下制备的片剂的硬度为25至79N。该片剂的崩解时间为1.1至1.7分钟(66至102秒)。
以上实施例阐述了当以每天0.01至5mg/kg体重的剂量每天施用1至5个单位剂量时,可用于例如预防移植物排斥或用于治疗自身免疫疾病的组合物和片剂。
实施例是特别参考40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素阐述的。但是,在进一步的实施例中,除了用备选的大环内酯替代40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素外,重复进行了实施例1和2中所述的方法。备选的大环内酯可以是任何以上所述的雷帕霉素衍生物或子囊霉素衍生物,例如FK-506或33-表-氯-33-脱氧-子囊霉素。包含这些备选大环内酯的片剂的硬度和崩解时间类似与以上给出的包含40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素的片剂,并且也可用作免疫抑制剂。
Claims (9)
1.包含大环内酯固体分散体、崩解剂和胶态二氧化硅的药物组合物,其中组合物包含以重量计1%至5%的胶态二氧化硅。
2.权利要求1的药物组合物,其中250mg的组合物当用9mm冲模和标准平冲以8至11KN的压制力压制时,形成片剂的硬度为35至80N,崩解时间为3分钟或更短。
3.权利要求1或权利要求2的组合物,其中组合物为分散片的形式。
4.权利要求3的组合物,其中片剂的崩解时间为90秒或更短。
5.任何前述权利要求所述的组合物,其中的大环内酯为雷帕霉素、子囊霉素或其衍生物。
6.任何前述权利要求所述的组合物,其中的雷帕霉素衍生物为40-O-(2-羟基)乙基-雷帕霉素。
7.任何前述权利要求所述的组合物在制备用作免疫抑制剂的药物中的用途。
8.向需要这种治疗的对象施用前述权利要求的任一项的药物组合物的方法,该方法包括(i)使组合物和水溶液接触,(ii)使组合物分散于水溶液中以形成分散的混合物,和(iii)摄入分散的混合物。
9.胶态二氧化硅作为辅助崩解剂的用途,其中胶态二氧化硅包含于还包含大环内酯固
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